对3种不同硫化物自组膜免疫传感器的比较研究

在半胱氨酸自组膜上固定抗体（羊抗小鼠IgG）制备免疫传感器，分别与巯基十一酸自组膜和32-巯基-3，6，9，12，15，18，21-七氧杂三十二烷酸（EG6COOH）自组膜免疫传感器比较其性能。结果发现通过半胱氨酸自组膜制备的免疫传感器具有最好的灵敏度。能够在13min内。0．05～5．4μg／L范围对游离IgG灵敏检测，检测下限为0．05μg／L。     

A single-step synthesis of nitrogen-doped graphene sheets decorated with cobalt hydroxide nanoflakes for the determination of dopamine

Nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide(NrGO)sheets decorated with Co(OH)_2nanoflakes were prepared by a single-step hydrothermal process.The morphological and structural characterizations of as synthesized Nr GO@Co(OH)_2nanoflakes were performed by field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM),EDX-mapping and X-ray diffraction(XRD).Nr GO@Co(OH)_2nanoflakes modified glassy carbon electrode(GCE)was used for electrochemical sensing of dopamine in neutral medium.The nanocomposite modified electrode showed enhanced electrochemical sensing ability for the detection of dopamine and the limit of detection(Lo D)was found to be 0.201μM with a sensitivity value of 0.0286±0.002 m A m M~(-1).Interference studies revealed that Nr GO@Co(OH)_2─GCE endow excellent selectivity for DA detection even in the presence of higher concentration of common co-existing physiological interfering analytes.Additionally,proposed sensor demonstrated excellent performance in urine samples with promising reproducibility and stability.     

Detection of 2,4-dinitrotoluene using hydrogen-bond acidic polymer coated SAW sensor

A strong hydrogen-bond acidic （HBA） polymer linear fluoroalcoholic polysiloxane （PLF）, synthesized by one-step hydrosilylation, was introduced for 2,4-dinitrotoluene （2,4-DNT） detection using surface acoustic wave （SAW） devices. FT-IR spectra and 1H NMR spectra char- acterizations confirmed its molecular structure. Then, PLF was dissolved in chloroform, and spray coated onto a 434 MHz SAW device. And subsequently, the sensitivity and selectivity of the fabricated sensor were studied based on a SAW test platform. To 2,4-DNT of 1 ppm and 100 ppb （for DNT, 1 ppm = 8.1 mg/m3; 1 ppb = 8.1 ;tg/m3）, the responses of the sensor rose 7.7 and 1.5 kHz, respectively. Furthermore, compared with some common interference vapors at 10 mg/m3, the response of the sensor to 2,4-DNT at 1 ppm was 5 times stronger. The sensitive property was attributed to the hydrogen bond interaction between the hexafluoroisopropanol （HFIP） group in PLF and the basic lone electron pairs of nitro-groups in 2,4-DNT. Comparison between the PLF sensor and hydroxyl group functionalized polymer （carbowax and MOBCD）-coated sensors was investigated, and the results showed that the PLF sensor exhibited better sensitivity. In a word, the PLF sensor exhibited fast response, negligible baseline drifts and excellent reversibility, indicating good candidates of HFIP group functionalized HBA polymers for practical nitroaromatic explosives detection.     

基于Elman神经网络的城市污水处理水质参数软测量

在介绍序批式活性污泥法(SBR)的城市生活污水处理工艺的基础上,针对反应过程所具有的多变量、非线性和动态复杂反应的特点,利用水质参数与多个过程可测参数间的关联关系,提出了基于Elman递归人工神经网络的水质参数软测量模型.以ORP,DO浓度和pH值作为输入参数,可实现对COD,NH3,TP水质参数的软测量.基于污水处理实验数据建立软测量模型,结果表明,上述软测量模型对污水处理水质指标COD,NH3,TP具有理想的预测效果.     

Preparation of monolayer-assembled fluorescent film and its sensing performances to hidden nitroaromatic explosives

Pyrene was chemically assembled on a glass plate surface in a monolayer manner via spacers containing triethylenetetramine （TETA） subunits. It has been demonstrated that the fluorescence emission of the film is sensitive to the presence of trace amount of nitroaromatic compound （NAC） vapors. As discovered in the present work, the response selectivity of the pyrene-functionalized film depends on the length of the spacer, the vapor pressure of a given NAC, and the quencher size. The film shows faster response to those quenchers which have higher vapor pressure and smaller size. Compared to the film with shorter spacers, the present film with longer flexible spacers shows a slower response to the NACs, but higher selectivity to the quencher size. Additionally, the detection limits to common ex- plosives in vapor phase, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene （TNT） and 2,4-dinitrotoluene （DNT）, are 7.14×10^-12 and 5.49×10^-11 g·mL^-1, respectively. Further examinations indicated that the sensing process is fully reversible, and the vapors of those common interference such as benzene, toluene, ethanol, and perfume have little effect upon the sensing performances of the film.     

金纳米粒子与谷胱甘肽相互作用及其分析应用

通过谷胱甘肽的巯基(-SH)与金纳米粒子的共价结合和氨基(-NH3+)与金纳米粒子的静电作用,使金纳米粒子自组装为有序的网状超分子结构,导致金纳米粒子的最大吸收波长从520 nm红移到668 nm,且在668 nm处的吸光度与谷胱甘肽的浓度在一定范围内呈正比.由此建立了以金纳米粒子为探针,简便、灵敏的测定谷胱甘肽的分析方法.本方法线性范围为0.01～0.20 mg/L,检出限3.0 μg/L(3 σ,9.8 nmol/L).     

石墨烯修饰金电极的制备及其同时测定多巴胺和尿酸

将Hummers法合成的新鲜石墨烯滴涂于金电极表面,制备了石墨烯修饰金电极（Gr/AuE）。用循环伏安法研究了Gr/AuE的电化学性能,及多巴胺和尿酸在该修饰电极上的电化学行为。结果表明：该修饰电极对多巴胺和尿酸都有电催化氧化作用且能在抗坏血酸存在条件下同时测定多巴胺和尿酸。在抗坏血酸存在下差分脉冲伏安法（DPV）氧化峰电流与多巴胺和尿酸的浓度分别在1.0～1000μmol/L和30～1000μmol/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系,检出限分别为0.67μmol/L和6.0μmol/L.     

纳米金/氧化锌-多壁碳纳米管膜修饰电极的制备及其对羟胺的测定

通过在ZnO-MWCNTs膜修饰电极表面电沉积金纳米粒子,获得了一种用于测定羟胺的电化学传感器.ZnO-MWCNTs膜作为一种新的、有效的基底可以很好地被用来固定金纳米粒子.利用ZnO-MWCNTs膜和金纳米粒子的协同,羟胺在nano-Au/ZnO-MWCNTs膜修饰电极上有更好的电催化效果以及稳定性.在最佳条件下,用计时电流法对羟胺进行了测定,在0.25-3.0×103μM范围内呈现良好的线性关系,最低检测限可达0.08μM(S/N=3),反应时间小于3s.由于其制备简单,稳定性高等优势,该修饰电极在羟胺的定量测定方面有着良好的应用前景.     

Detection of human fibrin by immunological piezoelectric quartz crystal microbalance technique

The detection of human fibrin has been performed by immunological piezoelectric quartz crystal microbalance technique. Anti-fibrin antibody was immobilized onto the gold electrodes of a 9 MHz AT-cut piezoelectric quartz crystal with bovine serum albumin adsorption, followed by glutaraldehyde cross-linking. The antibody-bound crystals had good response to human fibrin in the concentration range of 10⁻⁴∼10⁻¹g/L. The sensor system had good selectivity. The crystal could be regenerated nearly 10 times without detectable decrease of sensitivity. Supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China Pei Renjun: born in Nov. 1971, Ph. D. graduate student     

基于改进粒子群优化的快速协作式频谱感知算法

为了改进算法的计算效率和感知性能,提出了一种新的线性协作式频谱感知算法.在新算法中,通过动态地改变粒子群优化（PSO）方法在每次迭代过程中的迭代系数,以获取最优的权重向量,从而最大化算法的检测概率.采用时变迭代系数后,基于PSO的协作式频谱感知算法在粒子飞行的初期具有很好的全局探索能力,而随着迭代次数的增加,算法具有很好的局部搜索能力.仿真结果表明,新算法相比基于传统PSO的频谱感知算法具有更快的收敛速度,相比传统的基于修正系数和基于传统PSO的协作式感知算法具有更好的性能.不同场景下的仿真结果验证了新算法的有效性.     

基于迭代用户选择的合作频谱感知算法

针对认知无线电中经典频谱感知算法 (能量检测、算术几何平均、信号特征值子空间、最大特征值检测)存在不同程度缺陷的问题,为了进一步提高频谱感知算法的检测性能,提出了基于迭代用户选择(iterative user selection, IUS)的合作频谱感知算法。该算法先对参与合作感知的全部认知用户进行选择,然后在选出的部分用户频谱观测数据的基础上,生成全局检验统计量(global decision statistic, GTS),以此做出授权用户(primary user, PU)信号是否存在的全局判决。仿真结果显示,在虚警概率保持不变的情况下,进行迭代用户选择后,合作频谱感知的检测概率要优于未进行用户选择时的算法。与经典频谱感知算法相比较, IUS的合作频谱感知算法不需要任何先验信息,且以较少的频谱观测数据达到较好的检测性能。     

基于空壳钯和纳米金修饰的过氧化氢无酶传感器的研究

制备并表征了空壳钯纳米粒子,将空壳钯纳米粒子和金纳米粒子修饰在玻碳电极(GC)表面,构建了新型的过氧化氢无酶传感器.通过循环伏安等电化学方法研究了修饰电极的电化学特性,结果表明:Pd/AuNPs/GC对过氧化氢(H2O2)的电极反应具有催化作用,空壳钯和纳米金在催化过氧化氢还原过程中表现出了良好的协同作用.过氧化氢的浓度在2216μmol/L(R=0.9993)范围内,与修饰电极的电流之间呈现出良好的线性关系,检测限为0.2μmol/L(S/N=3).该传感器具有较好的稳定性、重现性、抗干扰性.     

Shape control technology during electrochemical synthesis of gold nanoparticles

Gold nanoparticles with different shapes and sizes were prepared by adding gold precursor (HAuCl₄) to an electrolyzed aqueous solution of poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) and KNO₃, which indicates the good reducing capacity of the PVP-containing solution after being treated by electrolysis. Using a catholyte and an anolyte as the reducing agents for HAuCl₄, respectively, most gold nanoparticles were spherical particles in the former case but plate-like particles in the latter case. The change in the pH value of electrolytes caused by the electrolysis of water would be the origin of the differences in shape and morphology of gold nanoparticles. A hypothesis of the H+ or OH? catalyzed PVP degradation mechanism was proposed to interpret why the pH value played a key role in determining the shape or morphology of gold nanoparticles. These experiments open up a new method for effectively controlling the shape and morphology of metal nanoparticles by using electrochemical methods.     

铁碳微电解处理印染废水的研究

采用铁碳微电解法对金橙G模拟印染废水进行预处理,研究影响铁碳微电解处理废水的各种因素.实验探讨溶液浓度、初始pH值、铁碳比及反应时间对废水COD(化学需氧量)及色度去除率的影响,以确定最佳工艺条件.结果表明:铁碳微电解法预处理染料废水的最佳初始pH值为2,最佳铁碳比1 ∶ 1,适宜的反应时间为60 min,此时,COD...     

认知无线网络频谱协作感知能耗与吞吐量的凸优化研究

针对认知无线电(cognitive radio,CR)双门限频谱协作感知能量效率与吞吐量优化的问题,提出了利用凸优化理论使能量效率与网络吞吐量达到最优平衡.在能耗一定条件下推导吞吐量关于虚警率与检测率等参数的目标方程;然后,对虚警率和检测率作合理约束,利用凸优化理论对吞吐量方程分析,推导出最优化目标函数的服从条件在一定范围内,关于感知时间与较大门限值满足联合凸或分别凸,吞吐量目标函数的变形在一定范围内,关于感知时间与较大门限值满足联合凸或分别凸;最后,利用凸优化工具获得感知时间与感知门限的最优值.理论分析和仿真结果表明,在能耗一定条件下,对于较为广泛的信噪比区间,该优化方案均可明显提高网络吞吐量及双门限认知无线电频谱协作感知的能量效率.     

胶体金免疫层析技术定量检测人绒毛膜促性腺激素

采用柠檬酸三钠还原法制备胶体金,用胶体金标记和双抗体夹心免疫层析方法,建立对人绒毛膜促性腺激素的快速定量检测方法．该检测方法可以在15min内完成对HCG的定量检测,灵敏度可达25mIU／mL,线性范围25～10000mIU／mL．与人促黄体生成素（hLH）、人促甲状腺激素（hTSH）、人卵泡刺激素均无交叉反应,所建立的检测人绒毛膜促性腺激素的胶体金免疫层析方法,能快速、灵敏、特异、准确地检测样品中的人绒毛膜促性腺激素,在异位妊娠的早期诊断及过程监控中具有较为广阔的应用前景．     

基于KHT程序的RDX基含铝炸药JWL状态方程参数预测研究

为预测炸药的JWL状态方程参数,根据KHT状态方程编制了KHT程序,计算得到的RDX基含铝炸药的爆轰参数与实验值具有良好的一致性,证明了KHT程序的可信性.在此基础上,利用KHT程序计算的爆轰产物等熵膨胀数据,对RDX基含铝炸药的JWL状态方程参数进行了预测.将预测的JWL状态方程参数输入到AUTODYN软件中,对1 kg RDX基含铝炸药水下4.7 m爆炸试验进行了数值模拟仿真,对比了不同爆距处冲击波压力峰值的试验值与仿真值,两者符合较好. 研究结果表明,利用KHT程序计算的等熵膨胀数据对JWL状态方程参数进行预测是可行的,预测的参数是可用的.      

Simultaneous Fluorescence Detection of Mercury(Ⅱ) and Silver Ions Based on Rhodamine B Isothiocyanate and 5-Carboxyfluorescein-ss DNA Modified Probe

A new fluorescence sensor is developed for simultaneous detection of Hg~(2+) and Ag~+. During the detection process,Hg~(2+) forms complexes with the fluorescent dye rhodamine B isothiocyanate(RBITC) modified onto the surface of gold nanoparticles(Au NPs),resulting in RBITC's displacement from the surface of Au NPs and the recovery of fluorescence. Meanwhile,Ag~+ forms “C-Ag~+-C” complex with C-rich 5-carboxyfluorescein(FAM)-ss DNA modified onto the surface of Au NPs,which keeps the fluorescent dye FAM close to the Au NPs and results in quench of fluorescence. The experimental results show a wide linear range and a good sensitivity. The limit of detection is 1.06 nmol/L for Ag~+ and 0.48 nmol/L for Hg~(2+). This detection method is not only easy to operate but also efficient.     

高能炸药的X射线及γ射线探测安全性研究

为解决X射线、γ射线探测技术在高能炸药属性、状态特征测量中的应用安全性疑虑,提高检测速度,采用了常用工程应用数学指标,分别从单个高能炸药分子与光子的作用几率和高能炸药对光子能量的吸收角度,得到了采用X射线、γ射线探测高能炸药属性、状态特征时的辐照强度阈值. 研究结果表明,目前工业常用的辐射探测方法可以安全地应用于高能炸药,且在确保量级不大于104 W/m2时,可安全地进一步提高高能炸药的辐照强度.      

浊点萃取-高效液相色谱法测定油脂中的胆固醇

建立了一种简单快速的采用浊点萃取-高效液相色谱法测定油脂中的胆固醇的方法.以非离子表面活性剂Triton X - 114为萃取剂,色谱柱为phenomenex C18,流动相为甲醇-乙醇等度洗脱,流速为0.8 mL/min,检测波长为206 nm.采用Triton X - 114进行浊点萃取,分别优化了影响萃取效率的表面活性剂的浓度、盐浓度、平衡温度及时间等条件.胆固醇的质量浓度在0.10～150μg/mL范围内与其峰面积成良好的线性关系(r=0.999 79),该方法的定性检测限为0.03 μg/mL(S/N=3),回收率为86.00％～93.50％,可以满足油脂中胆固醇含量的分离测定.