高速锁相环的核心部件压控振荡器的设计

提出了高速锁相环的核心部件压控振荡器（VCO）的一种设计方案，该VCO采用环路振荡器结构，主要由3级电流模驱动逻辑（CSL）反相器延迟单元、Cascode偏置电路以及输出缓冲整形电路这3大部分组成。仿真结果表明采用了CSL结构作为延时单元的压控振荡器具有良好的线性度，较宽的线性范围以及高的工作频率。     

高抗电源噪声的低时钟抖动VCO设计

设计了一种基于电流舵逻辑(CSL)架构的环型压控振荡器(VCO),对传统的共源共栅结构偏置电路作了进一步的改善,增加了一个电压增益较大的放大器构成有源负反馈,以提高抗电源噪声的能力.采用和舰0.18μm双阱CMOS工艺对传统结构VCO和改进后的VCO进行对比仿真,在频率为20MHz、峰-峰值为200mV的高频电源噪声下,传统结构VCO的峰-峰抖动和均方根抖动分别为54.135ps和19.454ps,而改进结构VCO的相应值分别为27.442ps和9.196ps,抗抖动性能大大提高.改进结构VCO的输出频率为650MHz,占空比约为52%,中心控制电压0.9V对应的增益为962.16MHz/V,线性度良好,在1.8V的直流电源下功耗仅为0.7mW左右.     

一种新型低压低功耗伪差分环形压控振荡器设计

基于交叉耦合技术提出了一种新型低压低功耗伪差分环形压控振荡器(VCO).电路整体包括新型伪差分环形压控振荡器、输出整形缓冲(buffer)电路两个部分.在VCO电路中采用了尾电流源控制的反相器为基本延时单元,实现了一种新型低压低功耗伪差分环形振荡器设计,并采用线性化技术改善调节线性度.利用输出buffer对VCO输出波形进行整形,消除了这种结构下输出摆幅受到尾电流源影响而不能达到轨到轨摆幅的限制.基于0.13μm标准CMOS工艺,利用cadence spectre进行仿真验证,前仿真结果表明在电源电压为1.2V时,该VCO相位噪声为-100.58dBc/Hz@1 MHz,功耗为0.92mW,在0.45~1V的电压范围内,频率调谐范围宽达0.303~1.63GHz,具有非常好的调节线性度,在电源电压为1V时仍然能正常工作.     

可用于快速稳定PLL的低时钟抖动VCO设计

设计了一种基于电流控制逻辑（CSL）架构的650MHz环型压控振荡器(VCO),对传统的共源共栅结构偏置电路作了进一步的改善,加了一个电压增益较大的放大器构成有源负反馈以提高抗电源噪声的能力.同时也提出了一种阻尼因子控制电路结构,使该VCO可用于快速稳定的锁相环(PLL).该VCO采用和舰0.18μm双阱CMOS工艺仿真,在频率为20MHz、峰—峰值为200mV的高频电源噪声下,其峰-峰抖动和RMS抖动分别为22.649ps和7.793ps。该VCO输出频率为650MHz,占空比约为52%,增益(Kvco)为925.88MHz/V,线性度良好,在1.8V的直流电源下功耗约为0.7mw。     

低噪声宽复盖压控振荡器的设计

介绍了低噪声宽复盖压控振荡器 VCO的设计思路 ,给出了设计中参数的合理取值范围 ,对 VCO的设计方法进行了阐述 ,并对其相位噪声进行了分析 ,同时结合实际 ,设计了实用的VCO,并给出了 VCO的特性曲线图。     

基于MOS电容的压控振荡器设计

传统的环形压控振荡器通常是利用控制电阻的方式来达到压控振荡的效果。文章利用容性耦合电流放大器作为压控振荡器的基本反馈单元,并在输出端增加MOS电容来控制振荡频率;分析了利用饱和区的MOS电容特性来实现压控的方法,并采用Smartspice软件和0.6μm CMOS工艺参数对该压控振荡器进行了模拟;结果表明,这种方法对电路的静态工作点影响很小,输出交流波形的频率稳定度高,有良好的线性调谐特性,达到了预期的效果。     

OTA-C压控振荡器的分析与设计

本详细分析了OTA—C压控振荡器的原理，并设计了一个用于OTA—C滤波器自动调谐系统的OTA—C压控振荡器，该振荡器的频率调谐范围在2MHz到50MHz之间．其中线性部分为4MHz～20MHz，其压控增益为62．89MHz／V。     

一种新颖的正交输出伪差分环形VCO的设计

设计了一种基于标准0.18 μm CMOS工艺的4级延迟单元的全差分环形压控振荡器.提出了一种新颖的环形振荡器电路结构,通过结合控制耦合强度与改变负载电阻值的方法,改善了单一技术在有限的电压范围内的调谐线性度,实现整个电压范围内的高调谐线性度;采用双通路技术提高了振荡频率,同时运用交叉耦合正反馈减少输出电平翻转时间,改善相位噪声特性,提高性能.后仿真结果表明,在电源电压为1.8V时,VCO的中心频率为2.8 GHz,核心电路的功耗为18.36 mW,调谐范围为2.05 GHz～3.35 GHz,当频率为2.8 GHz时,相位噪声为-89.6 dBc/Hz@1 MHz.     

一个1.5V低相位噪声的高频率LC压控振荡器的设计

介绍了一种适用于DCC-1800系统的压控振荡器的设计,中心频率为3．6GHz．分析并比较了三种降低相位噪声的方法并进行了仿真验证,然后阐述了3．6GHz压控振荡器器件尺寸的优化分析．采用电感电容滤波技术降低相位噪声,在偏离中心频率600kHz处,仿真得到相位噪声为-117dBc／Hz,调谐范围达到26．7％．VCO电路在1．5V电压下工作,静态电流为6mA．     

一种线性化轨对轨调节压控振荡器设计

为了解决控制电压范围小、调谐增益过大导致压控振荡器（voltage controlled oscillator, VCO）对控制线噪声抗干扰能力弱的问题，设计了一种高度线性化轨对轨频率调节的压控振荡器。采用SMIC 0.18μm CMOS工艺，设计了电压转电流电路实现控制电压与电流饥渴型振荡器尾电流的轨到轨线性转化，进而实现振荡频率的轨到轨线性调节；并且利用缓冲器优化振荡波形以适应锁相环系统应用。Cadence Spectre仿真结果表明，振荡器在1.8 V的轨对轨控制电压范围内都具有很好的线性，调谐增益为183 MHz/V，频率范围为0.89～1.22 GHz，中心频率1.06 GHz，功耗仅有227.8μW。本文设计适用于锁相环的集成应用，可为压控振荡器的设计提供支持。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…