前交叉韧带生物力学特性及其损伤对膝关节稳定性的影响

基于MRI断层图像,采用逆向建模技术建立了包含骨骼、半月板、关节软骨及膝关节四条主要韧带的膝关节三维模型,并考虑了半月板的横观各向同性及韧带的超弹性特征,采用有限元方法对在前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligament,ACL)完整、部分损伤及完全损伤3种情况下,关节主要韧带的生物力学特性以及前交叉韧带损伤对膝关节向前稳定性造成的影响进行了分析。所得结果对前交叉韧带损伤的预防、治疗及康复具有指导意义。     

篮球运动中膝关节损伤的原因和预防

在篮球运动中会经常发生运动损伤,是因为篮球运动的项目特点和膝关节自身的生理解剖结构特征导致。篮球运动中膝关节部位的损伤以撕裂伤和劳损为主要类型,多见于半月板以及韧带等部位,准备活动不足和技术动作不合理是导致篮球专业学生膝关节损伤的主要原因。本文通过运用文献资料法,结合篮球运动自身的特点、膝关节生理解剖结构的特点、损伤的部位、类型以及致伤的原因,从而提出有效合理的预防建议,以期在今后的篮球运动、教学、训练中预防和减少膝关节损伤的发生。     

膝关节半月板运动解剖学分析

半月板软骨对于维持正常的膝关节功能非常重要，其功能有承受负荷、震荡吸收、维持膝关节稳定性、润滑关节和产生本体感觉等，由于其自身结构和执行功能的复杂性，使半月板损伤在膝关节损伤中十分多见，特别是膝关节在完成某些特定动作的情况下，尤以运动员为多发，了解半月板的解剖基础和功能性质，采取积极有效的预防措施，对于维护半月板健康和运动员健康具有现实意义．     

中药内服联合温针灸对膝关节半月板损伤患者的影响

探究中药内服联合温针灸对膝关节半月板损伤患者的影响。选取2014年2月-2015年1月甘肃省永登县人民医院收治的88例膝关节半月板损伤患者,随机分为观察组与对照组,对照组给予温针灸疗法,观察组给予中药内服及温针灸联合治疗,对比两组患者疼痛指数(VAS)评分、膝关节Lysholm评分。观察组疼痛评分显著低于对照组,组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组膝关节Lysholm评分明显高于对照组(P0.05)。中药内服联合温针灸能够有效减轻膝关节半月板损伤患者疼痛,促进关节康复,值得临床推广。     

抢花炮致膝关节半月板损伤的防治

膝关节半月板损伤是抱花炮活动中最为常见的损伤, 为寻求有效的治疗方法, 探讨了半月板结构, 发病机制,并综述半月板损伤的防治进展.     

功能性训练结合物理因子治疗膝关节损伤研究进展

综述膝关节损伤的常见类型，对膝关节损伤的功能性训练康复所取得的效果与传统康复管理手段进行对比分析，讨论功能性训练在结合有效的物理因子治疗的效果，为降低不科学、不合理的康复训练导致膝关节继发性损伤的风险提供参考依据，也为预防损伤提供一定的科学指导.     

高师蓝球专修生运动损伤的调查分析

对９３－９７届常德师专体育系９６名蓝球专修生进行伤病调查，带伤者４５名、占４５．８６％，共６０例次，涉及１４种损伤。踝关韧带捩伤或骨折，指挫伤及腕舟骨骨折，膝关节韧带及半月板的损伤，髌骨软骨病及髌腱末端病等占全部损伤的８１．６６％，其原因与专项技术的特殊要求，忽视放松整理，忽视全面的身体素质训练有关并提出了预防原则和治疗方法。     

北京冬奥会近地医院救治滑雪运动员膝关节急性损伤情况分析

为预防滑雪运动员膝关节损伤和指导雪场近地医院对滑雪者提供更好的医疗保障,对北京冬奥会期间张家口赛区近地转诊医院收治的膝关节损伤运动员的损伤部位、损伤原因、损伤类型、损伤性质、损伤程度等进行分析。结果表明：在总共40例运动损伤中,膝关节损伤为19例(47.5%),膝关节损伤的原因以摔伤(52.6%)和扭伤(31.5%)为主,主要损伤类型为韧带损伤(34.3%)、半月板损伤(28.5%)、骨挫伤(22.9%);损伤发生的主要部位为前交叉韧带(20.0%)、内侧半月板(14.3%)、内侧副韧带(11.4%),损伤性质以新发损伤(78.9%)为主,全部损伤均为急性损伤导致,损伤程度以中度(73.7%)和轻度(26.3%)损伤为主,未出现重度损伤。该结果说明：北京冬奥会期间近地转诊医院收治的受伤运动员中,因膝关节损伤到院救治的病例数占比最高;运动员的日常训练中应加强膝关节的运动控制和跌倒时的自我保护意识。各雪场近地医院应将运动损伤的救治重点放在韧带、半月板及相关联合损伤的治疗和康复上,不断改进手术术式和康复流程,以应对未来雪季可能大量出现的膝关节损伤患者。     

浅析民族院校大学生业余篮球运动员膝关节半月板损伤的原因机制与预防

本文主要针对少数民族院校大学生业余篮球运动员,在篮球比赛和训练中极易发生膝关节损伤的现象,从膝关节半月板解剖结构及篮球项目运动特点的基础上,提出了在篮球运动过程中膝关节半月板损伤的原因机制及预防措施。     

膝关节半月板疲劳状态下组织结构变化的初步研究

膝关节是人体承上启下的重要关节,位于该关节的股骨内外侧髁与胫骨内外侧髁之间的半月板尤其容易发生急性损伤或慢性劳损,此结构在承受与传导载荷、吸收振荡、稳定关节,协助关节润滑等方面有多种作用.故预防半月板的损伤以及损伤后的修复十分重要,否则会严重影响膝关节的功能.国内外对半月板研究比较重视,对此结构进行有组织学、生物力学、创伤学等多角度的研究.为了了解半月板在持续受力后的组织结构的变化,本研究进行了疲劳性损伤实验,观察其组织结构的变化.此研究有助于了解半月板损伤的机制,并为科学防治其损伤提供更多的理论依据.本研究采用INSTRON生物力学测试系统(Instron Co,USA)进行“压缩-扭转”实验,观察膝关节半月板各部位在受到一定外力持续性、旋转式挤压后,组织结构的变化,并与正常半月板各部位的组织结构进行比较,以了解其抗疲劳能力.从实验后组织切片的情况看,半月板经过“压缩-扭转”实验后,组织结构发生了明显的变化,主要表现有:1.软骨盘内细胞变形、软骨陷窝几乎消失,软骨细胞类似腱细胞.2.半月板内纤维排列发生严重紊乱,纤维间隙明显增大,并有纤维发生断裂的现象.3.半月板内未见血管,仅在软骨膜中可见少量血管分布,表明该结构在受到持续挤压以后,血供受到一定的破坏,半月板的营养供应受到影响,对该结构损伤后的修复会有明显影响.     

我国省级男排运动员踝关节损伤的调查研究

对参加2006～2007年步步高音乐手机杯全国男子排球联赛的11支省级男排运动员进行问卷调查,对教练员和队医进行访谈,结果显示,运动员的踝关节损伤最多,占总伤数的18.7%,损伤的性质以急性损伤居多,损伤的种类多以扭伤为主,并结合排球运动的特点对运动员踝关节损伤的原因进行了分析,提出了预防措施及治疗方法.     

An endogenous cannabinoid (2-AG) is neuroprotective after brain injury

Traumatic brain injury triggers the accumulation of harmful mediators that may lead to secondary damage. Protective mechanisms to attenuate damage are also set in motion. 2-Arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) is an endogenous cannabinoid, identified both in the periphery and in the brain, but its physiological roles have been only partially clarified. Here we show that, after injury to the mouse brain, 2-AG may have a neuroprotective role in which the cannabinoid system is involved. After closed head injury (CHI) in mice, the level of endogenous 2-AG was significantly elevated. We administered synthetic 2-AG to mice after CHI and found significant reduction of brain oedema, better clinical recovery, reduced infarct volume and reduced hippocampal cell death compared with controls. When 2-AG was administered together with additional inactive 2-acyl-glycerols that are normally present in the brain, functional recovery was significantly enhanced. The beneficial effect of 2-AG was dose-dependently attenuated by SR-141761A, an antagonist of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor.     

浅谈乒乓球直板技术动作对肱二头肌长头的损伤及预防

结合肱二头肌长头损伤的生理解剖分析,指出乒乓球直板反手推挡技术对运动员肱二头肌长头造成慢性损伤的原因,并提出预防措施.     

Origin and physiological roles of inflammation

Inflammation underlies a wide variety of physiological and pathological processes. Although the pathological aspects of many types of inflammation are well appreciated, their physiological functions are mostly unknown. The classic instigators of inflammation - infection and tissue injury - are at one end of a large range of adverse conditions that induce inflammation, and they trigger the recruitment of leukocytes and plasma proteins to the affected tissue site. Tissue stress or malfunction similarly induces an adaptive response, which is referred to here as para-inflammation. This response relies mainly on tissue-resident macrophages and is intermediate between the basal homeostatic state and a classic inflammatory response. Para-inflammation is probably responsible for the chronic inflammatory conditions that are associated with modern human diseases.     

运动损伤可动性模型的构建与应用

从运动损伤学习研究的实践问题出发，提出并初步探讨了运动损伤可动性模型的构建与应用。采用教学实验、问卷调查、数理统计等方法，从主、客观两方面进行了实验研究。结果显示，运动损伤可动性模型的构建与应用是成功的，有利于提高学生对运动损伤的认识、处理和预防，易于推广。     

New strategies for the repair of spinal cord injury

Spinal cord injury （SCI） leads to several neu- rologic damages to patients with sensory and motor func- tion loss. Although some inspiring results were reported in animal, even in non-human primate models, the clinical translation of these research achievements barely move forward for the SCI patients. This review mainly focused on the pathogenesis of the primary and secondary injury, the clinical therapies and the new technologies in spinal cord injury. Moreover, the key scientific issues on this field were discussed in the review. Finally, some suggestions were proposed for the scientific and clinical researches.     

胸外伤376例的临床分析

目的探讨胸外伤的临床特点以提高诊治水平。方法回顾性分析376例胸外伤患者的临床资料。结果胸外伤主要是肺挫伤、血气胸、多发性肋骨骨折,合并伤主要是颅脑损失、腹部闭合伤、四肢骨折。采用胸腔闭式引流309例(约占82%),开胸手术39例(约占10.3%)。结论合并ARDS、颅脑损伤,腹部脏器损伤是其主要死亡原因。     

警务实战的防卫与控制训练中损伤发生规律与处理研究

防卫与控制是一项警务实战技能，其内容多、难度大、对抗性强，训练时极易发生损伤。通过文献资料法、问卷调查法、访谈法和数理统计法等对警察在防卫与控制训练中发生的运动损伤和处理情况进行调查分析，结果显示：防卫与控制训练中损伤几率大、损伤部位广、损伤类型多，参训人员对损伤的处理不具有科学合理性。多方法梳理、多视角剖析损伤规律和原因，从“以人为本”的角度关爱警察身心健康，针对防卫与控制的训练、损伤处理提出必要的注意事项及合理的防治措施。     

建筑火灾多因素伤害风险分析

建筑火灾会造成人员烧伤、中毒、窒息等伤亡事故。该文对高温、一氧化碳、缺氧等危险因素形成的多因素伤害耦合作用进行风险判断。采用数值模拟的方法构造火灾场景,以此为数据基础,采用二阶聚类的方法,进行多因素伤害风险分析,通过多因素、两因素、单因素风险计算结果的对比,验证了多因素综合风险分析指标选取的合理性,并根据风险计算结果绘...     

NMDA receptors are expressed in developing oligodendrocyte processes and mediate injury

Injury to oligodendrocyte processes, the structures responsible for myelination, is implicated in many forms of brain disorder. Here we show NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor subunit expression on oligodendrocyte processes, and the presence of NMDA receptor subunit messenger RNA in isolated white matter. NR1, NR2A, NR2B, NR2C, NR2D and NR3A subunits showed clustered expression in cell processes, but NR3B was absent. During modelled ischaemia, NMDA receptor activation resulted in rapid Ca2+-dependent detachment and disintegration of oligodendroglial processes in the white matter of mice expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) specifically in oligodendrocytes (CNP-GFP mice). This effect occurred at mouse ages corresponding to both the initiation and the conclusion of myelination. NR1 subunits were found mainly in oligodendrocyte processes, whereas AMPA (alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid)/kainate receptor subunits were mainly found in the somata. Consistent with this observation, injury to the somata was prevented by blocking AMPA/kainate receptors, and preventing injury to oligodendroglial processes required the blocking of NMDA receptors. The presence of NMDA receptors in oligodendrocyte processes explains why previous studies that have focused on the somata have not detected a role for NMDA receptors in oligodendrocyte injury. These NMDA receptors bestow a high sensitivity to acute injury and represent an important new target for drug development in a variety of brain disorders.