多重分形去趋势波动分析的振动信号故障诊断

针对基于配分函数的多重分形分析不利于局部标度特性突显的问题,把多重分形去趋势波动分析(MF-DFA)方法引入到振动诊断领域,提出对振动信号进行多重分形谱参数(|B|,α0,Δα和Δf)故障特征分析,并将α0用于故障诊断.首先分析了振动信号的多重分形特性;然后提取振动信号的4种多重分形谱参数特征,并进行了比较;最后用支持向量机算法实现振动故障诊断.研究表明:去除趋势后,振动信号的波动呈现显著多重分形特征,正常状态振动信号的α0明显大于故障状态,而振动信号的|B|,Δα和Δf特征变化规律则不明显;α0作为故障特征量,能有效地区分正常状态与故障状态,有效实现了振动故障诊断.     

基于多重分形降趋算法与改进的K均值聚类滚动轴承故障诊断

针对滚动轴承振动信号非线性、非平稳的特点,提出采用多重分形降趋算法计算多重分形谱参数作为特征参数,对比分析了多重分形降趋波动分析法及多重分形降趋移动平均法提取轴承故障特征的优劣性.并提出改进的K均值聚类分析对多重分形降趋算法提取的特征参数进行分类,从而实现轴承故障诊断的目的.运用滚动轴承公开数据对方法进行验证,提取时域特征与多重分形谱参数进行对比分析,并对两种多重分形降趋算法的效果进行对比分析,验证了多重分形降趋波动分析法与改进K均值聚类相结合对轴承故障诊断的有效性,为轴承故障诊断方法提供了一种新的尝试.      

基于EMD与分形理论的闪电电场信号识别研究

基于经验模态分解(EMD)和分形理论对闪电电场信号的不同放电类型进行了识别研究.对闪电信号进行EMD分解后,用相关系数选取其优势分量并计算出相应的盒分形维数,将这些优势分量的盒维数、闪电信号的多重分形谱参数以及优势分量盒维数与多重分形谱参数的融合分别作为闪电信号的有效特征值,采用支持向量机对云、地闪不同放电类型的闪电信号进行识别研究.结果表明,单一分形特征与多重分形谱参数的融合特征,能够更精确地表征闪电信号的鉴别性特征,会获得更高的识别率,研究成果对闪电类型的识别有一定的参考价值.     

湿式离合器磨合过程的多重分形谱预测

针对湿式离合器试验过程中磨合状态的预测问题,结合试验过程中摩擦转矩信号的几何结构特征,提出利用多重分形谱及其参数来预测磨合状态的新方法。阐述了基于盒计数法计算多重分形谱的方法;给出了多重分形谱参数的定义及其与摩擦转矩信号之间的内在联系;利用多重分形谱及其参数对某型号湿式离合器磨合过程的摩擦转矩信号进行分形表征。分析结果表明：多重分形谱及其参数能够定量地刻画试验过程中摩擦转矩信号的几何特征,并且随着磨合过程的进行,谱宽、最大最小概率子集分形维数差及谱偏斜度都呈现逐渐减小趋势,而最小奇异指数则呈现逐渐增大趋势。因此,利用试验中摩擦转矩信号的多重分形谱能够有效地预测湿式离合器的磨合状态。     

基于电机定子电流的齿轮故障诊断方法

齿轮故障诊断一般采用振动信号进行故障特征提取,但振动诊断法不便于安装传感器,易受环境和噪声影响.电机本身具有传感器的特性,定子相电流等信号能够反映负载转矩的变化.因此,针对由电机驱动的齿轮传动系统,提出了一种基于电机定子相电流分析的齿轮无损故障诊断方法.推导了电机定子电流如何反应负载转矩的特性,并分析了齿轮正常与故障状态下定子电流的频谱特征,发现可通过观察边频带的出现来判断齿轮发生局部式故障.通过Matlab对故障诊断原理进行了仿真验证,在实验平台上结合频谱分析成功检测出了齿轮断齿故障.     

支持向量机在齿轮故障诊断中的应用

针对齿轮故障诊断中的小样本事件,采用了支持向量机（SVM）方法.采集齿轮3种典型故障（断齿、磨损、剥落）和正常状态的振动信号,提取时域指标和能量特征作为SVM输入向量,并采用交叉验证（K-CV）法优化SVM参数,最终得到的故障诊断准确率为100%.结果表明SVM是一种有效的齿轮故障诊断方法.     

五大连池老黑山西部熔岩流张裂的多重分形分析

分形与多重分形理论不断兴起与发展,在此背景下,本文应用q阶矩结构分割函数法对我国休眠活火山之一的老黑山西部熔岩流张裂进行了分析,通过多重分形谱曲线,并结合Δα、Δf两个重要的多重分形谱曲线参数,得出Δα=3.736,不接近0点,同时多重分形谱离差Δf〉0,熔岩流张裂分布相对密集具有强烈的多重分形特性.为今后定量化研究熔岩流张裂提供了一条新的途径与方法.     

粗集料表面纹理粗糙度的多重分形评价

以多重分形理论为基础,研究了6种集料(闪长岩、辉绿岩、花岗岩等,粒径为9.5~13.2mm和13.2~16mm两档)表面粗糙度.通过60X显微放大6种集料表面,获得各集料较为直观的粗糙度评价;然后采用激光轮廓仪获取集料表面轮廓高程数据,对轮廓数据进行Butterworth高通滤波处理,分离出表面粗糙度纹理信号,验证了集料表面纹理具有多重分形特性;最后对各集料的多重分形谱参数Δα与集料磨光值pPSV进行相关性分析.结果表明:多重分形谱参数Δα和Δf较单参数能更细致地表征集料表面粗糙度,Δα从整体上表征集料表面高程分布不均匀的程度,Δf从高程峰谷值局部表征表面起伏特性;Δα与pPSV具有较好的线性关系(拟合优度达0.84),集料磨光值越高,其谱宽越大;运用多重分形谱评价集料表面纹理粗糙度具有可行性,并且能为集料实际工程应用提供快速、全面的评价方法.     

多径衰落信号的多重分形谱

利用多重分形模型对多径衰落信号的分形特征进行了分析和讨论。通过分析,指出多径信号的多重分形谱特征是描述移动通信信道的重要参数,并引入了一种利用相空间重构的思想来提取信号多重分形特征的算法。结合分数布朗运动模型,对多径信号的重构进行了研究,对实测数据的分析结果表明,分形模型与传统的统计模型相比能更精确地描述多径衰落信号。     

齿轮信号特征识别的谱相关密度分析

针对齿轮初期故障以调频形式表现且包络解调仅能够解调幅的现状,以一般调制信号为模型,引入解析思想,对各类型调制信号进行二阶循环平稳分析,理论推导了各自的分析结果,给出了调制信号谱相关密度分析的统一构架,证明了解析形式的谱相关密度同时提取调幅、调频特征的能力.仿真分析和齿轮故障实例验证了该分析方法对于调制特征的提取能力,表明该方法能够准确反映齿轮振动信号调制特征的变化,适用于齿轮初期故障的监测和识别.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the