结霜工况下空气源热泵动态特性的数值模拟与实验验证

对结霜工况下空气源热泵的动态特性进行了数值模拟，并在室外环境空气温度及相对湿度分别为-15～3℃和50％～90％范围内对一台空气源热泵空调器的动态性能进行了实验研究，测量了不同结霜工况条件下热泵空调器的动态性能参数、室外换热器结霜量及壁面温度分布．在此基础上分析了进风温、湿度对空气源热泵空调器性能的影响．实验结果表明：在室外换热器表面结霜的初始阶段，热泵系统的制热量及性能系数均有所提高，但在结霜的后期，热泵性能迅速衰减，与数值预测结果一致；对于相对湿度不同的进口空气，其温度为0～3℃时室外换热器表面结霜速度最快，在此温度范围内结霜对热泵性能影响最大．     

翅片型式对空气源热泵机组结霜特性的影响

对使用条缝翅片管换热器的空气源热泵空调器在结霜工况下的动态性能进行了试验研究,用显微照相法测量了不同条件下室外换热器表面的霜层厚度,并与采用平翅片管换热器的热泵样机试验结果进行了比较.结果表明:在结霜初始阶段,条缝翅片管换热器表面霜层增长速度远大于平翅片管换热器,结霜循环周期大大缩短;对于低相对湿度工况,条缝翅片管换热器在结霜过程中出现了一段表面霜层厚度几乎不增长的时间段,使得其结霜周期显著增大;与使用平翅片管换热器的热泵样机不同,使用条缝翅片管蒸发器的热泵机组的制热量及性能系数随环境空气相对湿度的升高而大幅度降低.     

一种高温热泵制冷剂的理论和实验研究

提出一种ODP为0的高温非共沸制冷剂BY4,通过与其他4种纯制冷剂的理论循环计算对比,得出BY4在冷凝温度区间(90~110,℃)的COP、单位容积功、冷凝压力方面性能优越,且热物理性质良好;同时设计了以BY4为工质的高温热泵机组,在经过改造的热泵检测系统上进行了蒸发器进水温度在40~60,℃的实验工况测试.实验结果表明:冷凝器侧最高出水温度能达到110,℃,此时排气温度和冷凝压力适中;当冷凝器侧出水温度和蒸发器侧进水温度差小于35,℃时,COP总是大于3.5.     

汽车空调管带式蒸发器模型参数数值模拟分析

在湿工况下对管带式蒸发器进行了制冷剂侧和空气侧性能实验,还利用模型进行了管带式蒸发器性能的研究.制冷剂侧的研究表明:管带式蒸发器管内参数分布极不均匀,采用传统的集中参数模型计算很不合理.空气侧通过研究百叶窗角度对换热和压降的影响,改进了原有的翅片结构.相比原翅片,改进后的翅片空气侧表面传热系数提高在21%以上,但压降仅增大不到4.5%.该模型不仅合理可靠,而且具有较高的准确度.研究结果对汽车空调厂商在设计同类型产品时具有一定参考价值.     

跨临界CO_2热泵的热气旁通除霜方法及除霜时间分析

空气源热泵系统在低温工况下运行时,存在蒸发器表面结霜、系统性能恶化等问题.针对传统除霜方法在跨临界CO_2热泵系统应用中的局限性,对热气旁通除霜方法进行实验研究.在搭建的空气源跨临界CO_2热泵系统实验平台上,以外径12.7 mm的旁通铜管作为节流机构,对除霜过程中的动态参数变化以及环境温度对除霜时间的影响进行分析,并绘制除霜不同时刻的系统压焓图.实验结果表明:热气旁通除霜过程较为稳定,各测点参数变化较为平缓.结合实验数据,可以发现,采用热气旁通除霜方法可明显提高蒸发器进口温度至30℃左右,缩短除霜时间;而除霜时间受除霜稳定期影响较大,环境温度降低或环境湿度增大均会延长系统除霜时间,除霜能耗比值与除霜时间比值的变化趋势基本一致.对热气旁通除霜效率进行计算,其值为46.5%,与其他热气除霜方法相比,效率增长33.62%,除霜时间缩短100 s,说明热气旁通除霜方法更适用于空气源跨临界CO_2热泵系统.     

不结霜燃气机热泵的建模与性能分析

不结霜燃气机热泵将发动机废热收集起来,一部分引入空调房间直接供暖,一部分引向室外蒸发器参与换热。建立了不结霜燃气机热泵的数学模型,通过系统模型的求解分析了不结霜燃气机热泵的性能结果表明：不结霜热泵的性能受室外温度湿度的影响明显小于常规热泵,能量利用率高,性能系数最大可达到5.00,系统的最高一次能源利用率为1.97;废热热水不但能够直接向房间辅助供暖,还能提高系统的蒸发温度,防止系统的蒸发器结霜,提高系统的性能系数和一次能源利用率;不结霜燃气机热泵系统具有较高的能源利用效率和较好的节能环保效果。     

燃气机热泵系统的制冷性能

对燃气发动机驱动的空气．水热泵系统进行了制冷性能的实验研究．在充分回收发动机余热的情况下,在大范围工况下对影响系统性能的几个重要因素即蒸发器进水温度、蒸发器进水流量、燃气发动机转速以及环境温度等进行了实验研究．结果表明：环境温度31．2℃,蒸发器进水温度由12℃升高到23℃时,室内侧制冷量增加20．4％,系统一次能源利用率提高13.2％;另一方面,当发动机转速由1300dmin升高到190Cr／min时,系统一次能源利用率先增加15．2％,而后降低7．5％,在1600r／min出现峰值．最后获得燃气机热泵系统制冷的最优工况．     

风冷热泵冷热水机组结霜与除霜性能的实验研究

研究了风冷热泵冷热水机组结霜与除霜时的动态性能.在一台制冷量为55 kW的风冷热泵冷热水机组上进行了实验,结果表明:在结霜中期的64 min内,风速分布不均匀造成一些支路出口带有液体,导致热力膨胀阀的控制发生了间歇振荡;在结霜后期的32 min内,风速的不均匀分布与霜层导致传热性能的恶化相结合,使热力膨胀阀发生了持续的振荡;除霜时存在系统参数突然剧烈上升的“临界点”,这是由于风冷换热器管外的换热方式由临界点前霜融化成水的相变换热变成了临界点后空气的自然对流换热;在制热的启动阶段和除霜终止切换为制热循环时,排气压力发生了剧烈的突升,这与制冷剂的流量比较大和板式换热器的内容积比较小有关.     

充注量对小型热泵热水器性能影响的实验及分析

为了研究制冷剂充注量对小型空气源热泵热水器性能的影响,进行了不同充注量实验.根据实验数据分析了充注量的变化对加热时间、系统运行最大功率以及对蒸发压力、冷凝压力和系统性能系数(COP)等的影响.同时结合热力膨胀阀与蒸发器特性,分析充注量对系统稳定性的影响,提出了一个判断系统最佳充注量依据.比较了充注量变化对系统性能参数影响的敏感程度.研究结果可为小型热泵热水器的优化运行提供指导.     

空气源跨临界CO_2热泵系统热气除霜的实验研究

为了解决跨临界CO2热泵系统在低温环境下运行蒸发器的结霜问题,对一种可应用于CO2跨临界循环的热气除霜方法进行了实验研究。在对热气除霜过程中系统循环特性分析的基础上,搭建了空气源跨临界CO2热泵热水器实验台,根据系统各参数点压力和温度变化曲线的实验结果,分析了除霜过程中系统循环的变化规律和蒸发器的除霜特性,发现除霜时热泵系统的流量增大,气体冷却器内的温降减小,故增大气体冷却器出口的CO2气体温度是提高除霜效率的关键。同时,结合实时采集的蒸发器表面霜层变化图像,分析了蒸发器的动态除霜过程,直观观测了热气除霜的除霜效果,整个除霜过程保持了600s,热气除霜的除霜效率为35.6%。根据实验结果可以得出,热气除霜方法是用于空气源跨临界CO2热泵系统除霜切实可行的方法。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

<正>~~     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to