翅片型式对空气源热泵机组结霜特性的影响

对使用条缝翅片管换热器的空气源热泵空调器在结霜工况下的动态性能进行了试验研究,用显微照相法测量了不同条件下室外换热器表面的霜层厚度,并与采用平翅片管换热器的热泵样机试验结果进行了比较.结果表明:在结霜初始阶段,条缝翅片管换热器表面霜层增长速度远大于平翅片管换热器,结霜循环周期大大缩短;对于低相对湿度工况,条缝翅片管换热器在结霜过程中出现了一段表面霜层厚度几乎不增长的时间段,使得其结霜周期显著增大;与使用平翅片管换热器的热泵样机不同,使用条缝翅片管蒸发器的热泵机组的制热量及性能系数随环境空气相对湿度的升高而大幅度降低.     

结霜工况下R410A翅片管式蒸发器的换热特性

在焓差实验装置和热泵性能测试系统中,对一台R410A空气源热泵的翅片管式蒸发器在结霜工况下的换热特性进行了试验研究.通过改变蒸发器制冷剂侧和空气侧的流体温度、流量等参数,利用显微摄影机对室外侧换热器的平直翅片表面结霜过程进行动态跟踪.实验表明,结霜速率和霜层厚度的变化对制冷系统的换热量、蒸发温度、制冷剂侧压降、整体传热效率都有不同程度的影响.在蒸发器的结霜初期和结霜后期,系统性能的衰减程度有较大区别.在空气温度为0℃~-4℃,相对湿度大于80%的情况下,换热器表面结霜速度最快.     

环境参数对空气源热泵蒸发器表面霜层影响研究

对一台空气源热泵翅片管蒸发器表面结霜特性进行了实验研究,分析了室外环境温度和相对湿度对霜层的形态、平均密度、总平均密度及动态密度的影响.实验结果表明:室外环境温度的降低或相对湿度的增加将促使换热器表面霜层在生长过程中形成针状霜晶,乃至形成绒状霜层;在高温、高湿度工况下,霜层表面出现凝结水滴,使得霜层密度增大.在霜层减速生长段,霜层平均密度随结霜时间呈增大趋势,而在霜层加速生长段,霜层平均密度随结霜时间迅速减小,且动态霜层密度远远小于霜层平均密度.对环境参数不同而霜层厚度相同的霜层平均密度进行比较发现,其随环境温度的升高及相对湿度的减小而增大,且相对湿度的影响在低湿度工况下更为显著.     

基于有限时间热力学结霜工况热泵性能分析

研究了结霜工况下蒸发温度变化对空气源热泵性能的影响.依据有限时间热力学内可逆原理,简化了结霜工况下的空气源热泵循环过程,并分析了实际热工过程的最大能效输出.利用CYCLEPAD软件,对结霜工况下的空气源热泵结霜性能进行数值模拟,得到结霜工况下制热量,机组的制热性能系数,压缩机排气温度等性能参数随时间变化的规律.研究表明,当蒸发温度发生骤降时,热泵机组的其他性能参数也随之骤降.因此,蒸发温度的变化能够表征空气源热泵在结霜工况下的运行性能.     

空气源热枞器化霜方法的研究

阐述了空气源热泵热水器的结霜特性,分析了热泵热水器化霜时与空调器不同的特征,提出了采用检测冷凝器温度与水温的差值来判断室外蒸发器是否结霜、检测室外热交换器盘管温度来判断除霜是否完成的两器盘管温度综合判断除霜法。     

空气源热泵热水器化霜方法的研究

阐述了空气源热泵热水器的结霜特性,分析了热泵热水器化霜时与空调器不同的特征,提出了采用检测冷凝器温度与水温的差值来判断室外蒸发器是否结霜、检测室外热交换器盘管温度来判断除霜是否完成的两器盘管温度综合判断除霜法。     

空气源热泵冷热水机组结霜研究

空气源热泵冷热水机组冬季运行时，空气侧换热器表面容易结霜，结霜将影响机组的供热能力，而且目前除霜过程的可靠性较差。对空气源热泵在冬季制热运行时结霜的因素进行了分析，并就结霜对机组冬季上况的影响进行了研究，提出了机组在冬季工况下性能提高的几条途径。     

复叠式空气源热泵相变蓄能除霜低温适应性实验研究

复叠式空气源热泵的几种常规除霜方式都存在一定的弊端,为此提出了复叠式空气源热泵相变蓄能除霜方法。为研究复叠式空气源热泵相变蓄能除霜的低温适应性,通过改变室外侧环境温度、相对湿度和结霜时间,设计了6种不同室外工况。并通过实验研究6种工况下,系统开启除霜模式时的运行特性。实验结果表明:6种工况下,除霜时间都在520～770 s范围内,且每个工况下机组运行正常,系统除霜性能稳定,同时室内侧平均供热量也达到正常供热的57.4%以上,说明本系统具有良好的低温适应性。     

不同片型组合翅片管式换热器的传热特性研究

为解决在干、结霜工况下空气源热泵室外机因结霜引起的换热性能下降的问题,以翅片管式换热器为研究对象.在模化试验的基础上,采用数值模拟的方法分别对不同片型组合的翅片换热器结霜量、换热与阻力性能以及平均对流换热系数进行分析.研究结果表明,前开孔后开缝的翅片组合方式较全开孔的结霜质量及平均对流换热系数分别最高可提升9％、11％.较前开缝后开孔的相应参数的增幅分别为17.7％、18.37％.     

热泵型空调机组室外机速度场的实验研究

采用热线风速仪对热泵型空调室外机组空气入口侧的空：气流场进行了测量，结果表明：室外机的风速分布是不均匀的，风速的最大值和最小值相差约4倍．风速不均匀造成了室外机换热效率的降低．计算表明2排管型空调室外机组的性能优于3排管型的．室外机的风量增多23．1％，制冷工况运行时，冷凝温度降低10．1℃，空调机组的性能系数COP升高26．7％；供热工况运行时，蒸发温度升高5．4℃，供热系数升高15．1％，且减小了结霜的可能，     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.