崂山林场不同密度赤松林的生长差异研究

研究了崂山林场不同密度下赤松人工林的生长差异性以及胸径与冠幅的相关性。不同密度下赤松人工林径阶分布呈现先增后减的趋势,随着林分密度的增大,胸径生长量显著减少,径阶比例减少;赤松人工林的平均树高、枝下高以及冠幅均呈上升趋势。在不同密度的赤松林分之间,树高生长差异不显著,枝下高差异显著,胸径差异极显著。赤松人工林的冠幅随着林分密度的增加而逐渐减少,但冠幅的椭球体积与之相反;通过分析得到二次多项式方程作为赤松人工林胸径与冠幅的最优关系模型,并求出方程关系式,为林业生产提供依据。     

日本落叶松人工林密度效应的研究

用18a连续测定资料，对不同密度中幼龄日本落叶松人工林生长情况进行了分析研究，结果表明：密度对林分平均树高生长有一定影响，但没有明显的规律，差异不显著；林分的平均胸径和单株材积随密度的增加而减少，其中胸径在1－6a差异不显著，10－14a差异达极显著水平；林分蓄积量则随密度的增加而增大，各密谋间存在显著差异，8－14a差异极显著。     

石棉县云南松人工林经营密度管理表的编制

通过对四川省石析县云南松人工林立木胸径与冠幅关系、高径生长过程的研究,探讨其理论密度、理论蓄积和适宜经营密度,编制了经营密度管理表,可供云南松人工林经营参考。     

欧美杨幼林密度作用特性初探

采用Ｎｅｌｄｅｒ环形设计原理进行田间试验设计，应用定性和定量相结合的分析方法，通过对欧美杨密度试验林定株连续测定材料的分析，揭示了密度作用的有关特性。结果表明，对于林木个体，密度作用具有非均衡性，其影响程度顺序为：冠幅〉胸径〉材积〉树高；对于林分，密度作用可使林分平均胸径降低，林木分化程度减弱；密度作用是一个随林龄、林地空间等因素而变化的动态过程，作用效应具有持续积累性，但其连年作用程度却有随年龄     

恩施州柳杉人工林碳汇储量研究

对恩施州柳杉人工林碳汇储量进行了研究,结果显示:柳杉生物量与胸径大小密切相关,全树生物量50%以上集中在树干,各组份生物量分配大致呈现树干>树根(含桩)>叶>枝的趋势.本地区柳杉生物量与胸径、树高的关系模型为W=254.519 7D2.161 4,或W=42.877 2(D2H)0.939 0,采用胸径分布代替年龄结构的方法推算,恩施州柳杉人工林生物量为4 055 704.557 t,碳汇储量为2 038 397.11 t.     

不同造林密度对杂交相思生长的影响

为了找出杂交相思人工林合理的种植密度,以达到较佳经济效益,笔者选用5种不同密度,采用单因素、随机区组设计进行杂交相思密度试验。对经过5年的观测资料进行分析表明:杂交相思不同造林密度对胸径、材积的生长有一定的影响,随着密度增大,胸径、单株材积表现出与密度间的负相关,每公顷833株林分的平均胸径为107 cm,每公顷1 666株林分的胸径为9.6 cm;每公顷833株和1 000株林分的5年生林龄时平均单株材积较高,分别为0057 566和0.051 79 m3;5年生每公顷1 666株的林分材积为63.922 1 m3,分别比其他4种密度林分的高190%、52.0%、58.3%和103.3%。造林密度对树高生长无显著影响。     

长白落叶松人工林密度表的编制及应用

采用不同林龄长白落叶松人工林的60株优势木数据建立林分饱和密度模型,编制了经营密度表,再利用26块密度近似于合理经营密度的不同生长阶段样地的平均胸径增长量、径阶分布和总蓄积量的分析,评价以经营密度表指导抚育间伐的过程及效果。结果表明:随平均胸径的增大林分密度不断减少,方程N=3 847.345 1e-0.082D适用于预估林分密度,编制的经营密度表反映了0.6～0.8郁闭度下长白落叶松各个生长阶段的最适林分密度。26块模拟样地的间伐前密度为2 883株/hm2,经历3次间伐后的林分平均密度分别为2 000、1 400和1 000株/hm2,最终成熟林的平均林分密度为600株/hm2,树冠竞争因子为416.33,总蓄积量为242.12 m3/hm2,大径材比率达59.26%。     

林分密度和起源对不同年龄序列巨尾桉人工林生长及生产力的影响

通过分析6种林分密度和2种林分起源下1～7 a生巨尾桉(Eucalyptus grandis×E.urophylla)人工林的林分平均树高、胸径、单株材积和每hm²蓄积量的总生长量、平均生长量和连年生长量，探索一定密度范围内巨尾桉的最适林分密度和起源方式，揭示林分密度和起源对林木生长和生产力的交互影响特征，为提高巨尾桉人工林培养质量和可持续经营提供理论参考.结果表明：1)随着林龄的增加，平均树高、胸径和单株材积的增长幅度逐渐减小，而每hm²蓄积量增幅在造林后期有所提高，4 a时达到数量成熟；2)各林龄下，随着林分密度的增加，平均树高、胸径和单株材积总生长量减小，超过2 a时林分密度1 050株/hm²的总生长量显著(P<0.05)高于其他林分密度，每hm²蓄积量则在1 800株/hm²下显著高于其他林分密度；3)植苗林的生长和生产力显著高于萌芽林，1 050和1 650株/hm²适合植苗林的树高、胸径生长和单株材积积累，1 800株/hm^2...     

同仁地区青杨速生丰产林几种常用造林密度对生长的影响

在同仁县隆务河两岸选用四种不同株行距密度 ,开展青杨林适宜栽培密度与其生长关系的研究。结果表明 :青杨在生长过程中 ,平均冠幅随栽培密度的增大而递减 ;胸径生长与冠幅大小呈正比 ;林分的高生长随着栽培密度的增大而增高。在该地区 ,青杨植林密度以 2m× 4m和 4m× 6m的株行距较适宜。     

日本落叶松人工林生物量及生产力的研究

在长岭岗国营林场调查了日本落叶松人工林林分24块标准地，并测定了单株平均木的各器官生物量，结果表明：应用W=a（D^2H）^b模型来估测日本落叶松人工林生物量，其相关程度达显著水平；日本落叶松人工林单株林木各器官的生物量随年龄变化符合理查德（Richards）生长方程；日本落叶松人工林单株林木生物量年平均生长量在26a时达到顶峰；日本落叶松人工林林分生物量24a时达293．40t／hm^2，生产力为20．78t/（hm^2．a）．     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to