固体催化剂催化合成假紫罗兰酮的研究

在＋γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３上负载ＫＦ或ＫＦ和ＮａＯＨ的混合物制备的固体催化剂ＫＦ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３和ＫＦ－ＮａＯＨ／２－Ａｌ２Ｏ３，和于催化柠檬醛与丙酮缩合生成假紫罗兰酮的反应，显示出良好的催化活性，使Ⅱ的最高得率分别达８８．７％和９０．５％。     

稀释剂Al_2O_3对Al/TiO_2自蔓延高温合成反应影响的研究

在研究稀释剂Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３对自蔓延高温合成反应４Ａｌ＋３ＴｉＯ＿２＝３Ｔｉ＋２Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３的绝热温度及反应模式的影响的基础上，研究了稀释剂Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３对该ＳＨＳ反应过程的影响以及对合成Ｔｉ／Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３金属陶瓷复合材料组织结构的影响．结果表明，稀释剂Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３含量增加，ＳＨＳ反应所必需的预热温度提高，燃烧速率降低，且燃烧不稳定；制备的Ｔｉ／Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３金属陶瓷复合材料致密度下降，但产生裂纹的倾向减少．     

Na_2ZnCl_4·3H_2O：Mn~（2＋）晶体EPR参量及其单轴压力效应的

假设在Ｎａ２ＺｎＣｌ４·３Ｈ２Ｏ：Ｍｎ２＋晶体中，处于Ｃ３轴上与Ｍｎ２＋发生作用的是Ｈ２Ｏ配体而非Ｃｌ－；用对角化能量矩阵的方法计算Ｄ、ａ和ｇ，以及单轴压力效应ｄＤ／ｄｐ和ｄａ／ｄｐ，结果与实验相当一致，表明：Ｈ２Ｏ取代Ｃｌ－的假设是合理的，晶体场理论对Ｎａ２ＺｎＣｌ４·３Ｈ２Ｏ：Ｍ同样适用．     

CO2加H2合成甲醇反应中CuO／ZnAl2O4催化剂性能的研究

研究了制备条件对ＣＯ２加Ｈ２合成ＣＨ３ＯＨ反应中ＣｕＯ／ＺｎＡｌ２Ｏ４催化剂的性能及ＺｎＡｌ２Ｏ４尖晶石形成的影响。采用ＸＲＤ、ＢＥＴ、ＴＰＤ和ＦＴ－ＩＲ等测试技术，对催化剂晶相结构和表面物种进行了深入分析。结果表明，沉淀方法对催化活性具有重要影响；ＮａＣＯ３沉淀剂最有利于ＺｎＡｌ２Ｏ４尖晶石的形成；Ｚｎ／Ａｌ摩尔配比为０．２３／０．３８时，尖晶石形成最为完整，活性最好。经ＴＰＤ和ＦＴ－ＩＲ测试，     

NaAc·3H_2O－NaBr·2H_2O多温截面图

给出了ＮａＡｃ－ＮａＢｒ－Ｈ２Ｏ三元体系中ＮａＡｃ·３Ｈ２Ｏ－ＮａＢｒ·２Ｈ２Ｏ多温截面图，为研究ＮａＡｃ·３Ｈ２Ｏ－ＮａＢｒ·２Ｈ２Ｏ相变贮热体系提供了理论依据。由ＮａＡｃ·３Ｈ２Ｏ和ＮａＢｒ·２Ｈ２Ｏ可制得３８～５３℃的混合相变贮热材料。     

五元交互体系Na^＋,NH4^＋Ⅱ1／2SO4^2^—,Cl^—,HCO3^…

研究了Ｎａ２ＳＯ４－ＮａＣｌ－ＮａＨＣＯ３－（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４－ＮＨ４Ｃｌ－ＮＨ４ＨＣＯ３－Ｈ２Ｏ体系在拽定温度下的溶解度关系。结果表明该五元交互体系的相图是由７个结晶区组成。在Ａ４，Ｂ４，Ｃ４，Ｄ４四个五元零变量点中，Ａ４和Ｄ４为相应体系的干涸点。     

氧化铝在冰晶石熔体中溶解的动力学模型

通过对Ａｌ２Ｏ３晶体在Ｎａ３ＡｌＦ６熔液中溶解时分解的物质的量及溶解产物结构的描述,建立了Ａｌ２Ｏ３在Ｎａ３ＡｌＦ６熔液中溶解的中间态活化络离子动力学模型·研究认为:在Ａｌ２Ｏ３溶解过程中将首先生成中间态活化络离子;Ａｌ２Ｏ３溶解反应的级数和溶解产物的构型与熔体中的Ｏ２－离子的溶剂化络合剂的浓度有关·     

亲电取代反应中相转移催化剂结构和性能的关系

选择了１０个含磺酸基团的化俣物作为相转移催化剂测定其在Ｈ２Ｏ／ＣＨ３ＣＯＯＨ－ＣＨ３ＣＯＯＮａ／ＣｌＣＨ２Ｃｌ体系中的亲电偶合反应速率常数。对比无催化剂存在时的动力学数据，证明这类化合物是有效的亲电取代反应的相转移催化剂。     

库仑法测定微量铜

本文提出在ＨＡｃ—ＮａＡｃ介质中Ｃｕ３＋与Ｉ－、ＳＣＮ－反应生成Ｉ２，然后加入过量的Ｎａ２Ｓ２Ｏ３还 原Ｉ２，最后用电生Ｉ２回滴定过量的Ｎａ２Ｓ２Ｏ２。实验表明，用这种方法测定铜可行的，检测量可达 １０－７数量级．     

Co（Ⅱ）、Ni（Ⅱ）、Zn（Ⅱ）与三聚硫氰酸的配合物及其衍生物的合成研究（Ⅰ）

本文用ＣｏＣｌ＿２·６Ｈ＿２Ｏ、ＮｉＣｌ＿２Ｈ＿２Ｏ、ＺｎＣｌ＿２·２Ｈ＿２Ｏ与Ｃ＿３Ｎ＿２Ｓ＿３Ｎａ＿３在（ＣＨ＿３）＿２ＳＯ溶剂中反应，得到产物Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ；又用Ｃ＿５Ｈ＿５Ｎ与Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ反应，得到产物Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ。经元素分析、ＩＲ谱、ＵＶ谱表征研究，指认Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ为Ｎａ＿３［Ｍ（ＣＨ＿３）＿２ＳＯ（Ｃ＿３Ｎ＿３Ｓ＿３）Ｃｌ＿２（Ｍ－Ｃｏ（Ⅱ）、Ｎｉ（Ⅱ）、Ｚｎ（Ⅱ）；ⅣⅤ、Ⅵ为Ｎａ＿２［Ｍ（ＣＨ＿３）＿２ＳＯ（Ｃ＿３Ｎ＿３Ｓ＿３）（Ｃ＿５Ｈ＿５Ｎ）Ｃｌ］（Ｍ－Ｃｏ（Ⅱ）、Ｎｉ（Ⅱ）、Ｚｎ（Ⅱ））。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the