利用生物信息学发现SPINK1为结直肠癌MTX耐药潜在治疗靶点

为筛选结直肠癌MTX耐药的潜在靶点,运用生物信息学手段从GEO(Gene expression omnibus)收集并整理有关结直肠癌甲氨蝶呤(MTX)耐药相关数据,利用GEO2R筛选对照细胞和耐药细胞表达差异的基因,并用细胞生物学手段验证该基因是否参与MTX耐药.结果显示15个基因在MTX耐药结直肠癌细胞中差异表达,其中13个上调,2个下调;其中表达差异最显著的是SPINK1.通过细胞增殖实验、细胞毒性实验证实敲低SPINK1抑制细胞增殖,解除结直肠癌甲氨蝶呤耐药性.该研究表明SPINK1可能是结直肠癌耐药潜在的治疗靶点.利用细胞生物学方法进一步确认其功能,可为进一步实验验证提供依据.     

SPINK6蛋白在人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7中的表达与定位研究

为探讨Kazal型丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂6(SPINK6)蛋白的表达定位与其抗肿瘤作用之间的关系,本文通过免疫荧光的方法研究SPINK6蛋白在不同细胞系中的表达与定位,并构建产生pEGFPN1-SPINK6载体转染至乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7中,使用ER-Tracker标记内质网、lyso-Tracker标记溶酶体、Dil标记细胞膜,共聚焦显微镜观察SPINK6-GFP融合蛋白的定位.结果表明,天然状态的SPINK6蛋白主要分布在细胞质和细胞膜上,并在细胞质中有一定的聚集.对照载体pEGFP-N1转染的细胞表达的绿色荧光主要分布在细胞核中,细胞质中也有均匀分布,而SPINK6-GFP融合蛋白聚集于内质网和细胞膜上.说明SPINK6蛋白在合成后被分泌到细胞膜外发挥其作用,可能与抗炎症与抗肿瘤转移相关.     

重组腺病毒介导RNA干扰人DLK1基因表达的研究

构建抑制人DLK1基因表达的重组腺病毒载体,利用腺病毒载体介导的RNA干扰技术评价其在肝癌细胞株中的基因沉默效应.将针对人DLK1基因的RNAi寡核苷酸序列,连接到腺病毒穿梭质粒中,在含有腺病毒骨架质粒pAdEasy-1的大肠杆菌BJ5183内进行同源重组.重组腺病毒载体在HEK-293细胞中包装扩增,得到高滴度的重组腺病毒.通过绿色荧光蛋白示踪腺病毒的感染效果,并通过荧光实时RT-PCR,western blot的方法证实重组腺病毒能够显著抑制DLK1基因在肝癌细胞株中的表达.     

靶向hTERT的shRNA腺病毒载体的构建及其对MCF-7细胞hTERT表达的影响

设计针对人端粒酶逆转录酶催化亚基(hTERT)的干扰靶序列GGAACACCAAGAAGTTCATCT,构建siRNA表达质粒PgenesilhTERT;随后将shRNA表达框克隆到入门载体pENTRTM1A,构建重组质粒pENTR/U6-hTERT-polyA;使用同源重组方式在体外将该表达框重组到腺病毒载体pAd/PL-DEST,得到重组腺病毒质粒pAd/U6 –TERT-polyA;线性化的重组腺病毒质粒在HEK 293细胞内包装为具有感染能力的病毒颗粒rAd-hTERT.同时构建不针对任何基因的shRNA阴性对照rAd-HK,空病毒对照rAd-blank和只含EGFP的rAd -EGFP.四种病毒经酶切、电泳分析表明插入序列正确,腺病毒载体构建成功.Western blotting测定转染后各组hTERT蛋白的表达情况,证实转染rAd-hTERT 48 h后,hTERT的表达明显被抑制.实验表明基于Gateway技术的腺病毒介导的shRNA载体构建成功,rAd-hTERT可有效抑制乳腺癌MCF-7细胞hTERT基因的表达.本研究为针对端粒酶的基因治疗奠定了实验基础.     

靶向c-myc基因的CRISPR/Cas9腺病毒系统对肝癌的抑制作用

目的:设计、构建并包装靶向c-myc基因的CRISPR/Cas9腺病毒;评估靶向c-myc基因的CRISPR/Cas9腺病毒系统对肝癌的抑制作用.方法:采用生物信息学网站设计靶向c-myc基因的gRNA,以GFP作为对照设计GFP gRNA;通过T7E1筛选出编辑效率高的gRNA并将筛选的gRNA构建CRISPR/Cas9腺病毒载体并包装腺病毒,通过分析细胞增殖、周期和凋亡及迁移能力的变化来评估靶向c-myc基因的CRISPR/Cas9腺病毒系统对肝癌的抑制作用.结果:成功设计、构建并包装靶向c-myc基因的CRISPR/Cas9腺病毒;靶向c-myc基因的CRISPR/Cas9腺病毒系统能够显著抑制Hepa1-6细胞的增殖和迁移、阻滞细胞周期进程,但对细胞凋亡无影响.结论:靶向c-myc基因的CRISPR/Cas9腺病毒系统可在细胞水平明显抑制肝癌细胞的生长.     

阿霉素诱导肝癌QGY-7701细胞凋亡的研究

观察阿霉素对人肝癌细胞株QGY-7701的凋亡诱导作用。实验用阿霉素处理QGY-7701细胞后,用台盼蓝拒染法检测细胞增殖活性;光镜、荧光显微镜、透射电镜观察细胞凋亡形态;DNA琼脂糖凝胶电泳技术观察分析细胞凋亡情况;流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率的变化。结果显示,阿霉素处理QGY-7701细胞后,出现了明显的凋亡现象,而且随着药物浓度的增加,细胞凋亡的趋势越明显。分析结果可知,阿霉素作用QGY-7701细胞48 h的IC50值为4.9μg/mL。流式细胞仪检测出阿霉素处理QGY-7701细胞的凋亡率逐渐上升。综上所述,阿霉素可以诱导QGY-7701细胞出现凋亡的现象。     

腺病毒介导的BmK CT基因抑制神经胶质瘤U251细胞迁移及诱导凋亡的研究

以腺病毒为载体介导东亚钳蝎氯离子通道神经毒素(BmK CT)感染人脑神经胶质瘤细胞株U251,研究其对细胞迁移及凋亡的影响,并探讨可能的作用机制.首先以含BmK CT基因的腺病毒Ad-BmK CT及对应的腺病毒空载体转染U251细胞筛选出最佳感染浓度,随后利用Boyden Chamber实验和划痕实验检测了BmK CT对U251细胞迁移能力的影响,MTT检测了细胞存活能力,用Annexin V-Cy5和PI双标记流式检测分析细胞凋亡情况,并通过Western-blot检测凋亡相关蛋白分析可能的凋亡机制.结果显示,U251细胞感染Ad-BmK CT 48h后,迁移能力受到明显抑制;细胞变圆漂浮,Western-blot检测发现细胞色素c开始释放,caspase-3表达上调.     

腺病毒介导的TRF2 RNAi表达载体诱导MCF-7细胞凋亡的研究

选择针对人TRF2 mRNA的特异性siRNA靶序列,设计、合成其相应的双链DNA,并构建成表达siRNA-TRF2的重组腺病毒载体rAd-shRNA-TRF2,转染人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞,以Western印迹法检测MCF-7细胞TRF2蛋白表达、MTT比色法绘制MCF-7细胞生长曲线、流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡情况.实验结果表明:重组腺病毒载体rAd-shRNA-TRF2构建成功,转染MCF-7细胞后可明显抑制TRF2基因的表达,并抑制细胞增殖、诱导细胞凋亡.说明通过RNAi技术抑制TRF2基因表达,进而诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡可能用于肿瘤的基因治疗.     

重组hFGF-7腺病毒对角质形成细胞的生物学效应

目的:研究重组腺病毒导入人成纤维细胞生长因子7(hFGF-7)对人皮肤角质形成细胞(HaCat)的生物学效应.方法:通过倍比稀释和感染实验,测定重组腺病毒rAd-hFGF-7的滴度;流式细胞术检测重组腺病毒感染HaCat细胞的感染效率;MTT法检测rAd-hFGF-7对HaCat细胞增殖的影响;重组腺病毒对HaCat细胞周期的影响通过流式细胞术进行检测.结果:高滴度重组腺病毒可高效感染HaCat细胞,其促细胞增殖作用随着重组腺病毒MOI值的增加而增强,当MOI值为50时,感染细胞进入S期和G_2期的细胞比率显著增加.结论:重组腺病毒rAd-hFGF-7可促进HaCat细胞的增殖,改变HaCat细胞周期.     

利用腺病毒载体过表达Meis 1基因能够上调化疗药对NSCLC细胞的杀伤作用

新型肿瘤抑制基因Meis 1(Myeloid ecotropic viral integration site 1)最近被证实可能具有肿瘤增殖抑制活性,是肿瘤患者预后和治疗的潜在指示分子,但其功能和作用机制尚需深入分析。考察利用腺病毒载体表达Meis 1蛋白对抗肿瘤药物杀伤NSCLC细胞的影响。非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)细胞系A549感染Meis 1的腺病毒表达载体后,使用MTT、和软琼脂成集落实验验证其对NSCLC细胞增殖的抑制作用;进一步分别使用系列浓度梯度的抗肿瘤药物舒尼替尼(Sunitinib)、吉非替尼(Gefitinib)、紫杉醇(Paclitaxel)和吉西他滨(Gemcitabine)处理A549、Calu3、H460以及H358细胞,检测其抑制率,计算IC_(50)值。最后,利用耐药细胞系A549/ADR检测Meis 1逆转NSCLC化疗药多药耐药的作用。MTT和软琼脂成集落实验结果显示,Meis 1过表达能够抑制A549细胞的增殖与锚定非依赖性生长。抑制率实验显示Meis 1过表达能够上调抗肿瘤药物对NSCLC细胞的杀伤作用,显著下调其IC_(50)值。此外,Meis 1还具有逆转NSCLC细胞化疗药物多药耐药的作用。利用腺病毒载体表达MEIS1蛋白能够增加肿瘤细胞对化疗药物敏感型的作用,具有逆转肺癌细胞MDR的作用。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with