鄂尔多斯盆地华庆地区长9储层成岩作用与有利成岩相

对岩心薄片鉴定、扫描电镜、X衍射、物性等分析化验资料进行综合研究,以查明鄂尔多斯盆地华庆地区延长组长9油层组的主要成岩类型、成岩阶段、成岩序列及有利成岩相的分布规律。研究后认为,研究区长9储层经历了压实压溶作用、胶结作用、溶蚀作用等主要成岩作用。其中,对储层起破坏性成岩作用的有压溶压实作用和包括碳酸盐胶结、长英质胶结、自生黏土矿物胶结等的胶结作用,起建设性成岩作用的主要有绿泥石薄膜胶结作用、浊沸石和长石溶蚀作用。综合研究成岩作用的组合类型和演化序列,认为长9砂岩的成岩演化主体已进入中成岩阶段A期,成岩相可划分为5种:Ⅰ绿泥石膜-粒间孔+浊沸石溶蚀相;Ⅱ绿泥石膜-粒间孔+长石溶蚀+浊沸石胶结相;Ⅲ铁方解石胶结+绿泥石膜-粒间孔+长石溶蚀相;Ⅳ硅质胶结+铁方解石胶结+绿泥石膜-粒间孔+长石溶蚀相;Ⅴ铁方解石胶结+水云母胶结+硅质胶结相。Ⅰ类成岩相物性好,Ⅱ和Ⅲ两类次之,它们成为储层发育的有利成岩相;Ⅳ和Ⅴ类物性较差,为不利成岩相。     

延安南部曹凡峪油区长6油层组成岩作用研究

曹凡峪油区延长组长6油层组是曹凡峪地区主要的产油层,通过砂岩薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜等分析资料,对曹凡峪地区长6砂岩储层的岩石学特征、成岩作用类型、成岩阶段划分和孔隙演化影响因素进行分析。研究结果表明:长6储层发育细粒长石砂岩,主要成岩作用有压实作用、碳酸盐胶结作用、硅质胶结作用和溶解作用,曹凡峪长6成岩阶段为晚成岩A期早期。将研究区长6储层砂岩划分为5种成岩相,分别为绿泥石膜-方解石胶结-溶蚀孔隙相、方解石胶结-残余孔隙相、硅质胶结-粒间孔隙相、绿泥石胶结-残余粒间孔隙相、绿泥石膜胶结-溶蚀孔隙相。储层孔隙演化的影响因素主要是沉积环境和成岩作用,其中水下分流河道和原生残余粒间孔是研究区最好的储集场所和空间。有利成岩相和沉积环境的结合形成了研究区物性相对较好,产量较高的储层区带,也是下一步勘探的重点。     

安塞油田楼坪区长10致密储层成岩作用研究

综合应用铸体薄片、扫描电镜、X-衍射、恒速压汞等技术和储层综合评价方法,对安塞油田楼坪区长10致密储层成岩作用系统分析。结果表明:长10储层岩性以灰色细粒长石砂岩和岩屑长石砂岩为主;碎屑颗粒成分成熟度和结构成熟度都较低;孔隙类型主要以粒间孔、长石溶孔和浊沸石溶孔为主;喉道以细小孔-微细喉为主;储层属于典型的低孔-(超)低渗致密储层;长10储层主要成岩作用为压实-压溶作用、胶结作用以及溶蚀作用,其中压实作用、胶结作用属破坏性成岩作用,溶蚀作用属建设性成岩作用,长10储层砂岩目前处于中成岩A期;依据研究区沉积特征及成岩作用,将楼坪区成岩相划分为5种类型,其中绿泥石胶结相、绿泥石胶结-长石、浊沸石溶蚀相是主要的有利成岩相带。     

鄂尔多斯盆地西南部长7和长6-3致密砂岩成岩作用与成岩相

研究鄂尔多斯盆地西南部长7和长6-3致密砂岩成岩作用,探讨有利成岩相,为油气勘探开发提供理论依据.通过扫描电镜、流体包裹体、铸体薄片和X射线衍射分析等手段,结合埋藏史研究,结果表明:长7和长6-3砂岩储集空间以石英、长石等溶孔和残余粒间孔为主;为低孔-超低渗大孔微喉型储层;影响储层物性最主要的成岩作用是压实作用和胶结作用,其次是溶蚀作用和云母的蚀变膨胀;主要成岩序列为:压实作用-云母蚀变、绿泥石膜沉淀、石英次生加大-方解石和白云石胶结-石英溶蚀-长石溶蚀、石英和伊利石胶结-高岭石胶结-含铁碳酸盐、黄铁矿胶结.优质储层展布受沉积相和成岩相展布控制.最有利的成岩相是粒间孔-绿泥石膜胶结相;其次是溶蚀孔-长石石英溶蚀相.这2个成岩相叠合的相带是最有利的成岩储集相带,由于长7和长6-3段砂岩紧邻烃源岩,受有机酸的影响,溶蚀孔-长石石英溶蚀相最发育(溶蚀孔隙占全部孔隙的72.4％).微裂隙-强压实相是相对不利的成岩储集相带.由于研究区云母和塑性岩屑含量较高,而机械压实使塑性岩屑变形甚至假杂基化,导致储层变得非常致密.微孔-碳酸盐胶结相和微孔-伊利石胶结相物性最差,是最不利的成岩储集相带.     

鄂尔多斯盆地华池地区长6储层成岩相及其对物性的控制作用

在储层特征分析和成岩作用研究的基础上,划分了华池地区长6储层成岩相,探讨了成岩相对储层物性的控制作用.储层主要经历了压实、压溶、碳酸盐胶结、黏土矿物胶结、硅质胶结和长石溶蚀作用;根据不同的成岩作用特征,该区长6储层可划分为绿泥石薄膜弱溶蚀成岩相、长石溶蚀成岩相、伊利石充填成岩相和碳酸盐致密胶结成岩相;由于不同成岩相具有不同成岩特征和岩石组构,因此其孔隙、喉道的类型和分布特征各不相同,由此决定了不同类型成岩相的物性存在差异,该区绿泥石薄膜弱溶蚀成岩相物性最好,长石溶蚀成岩相次之,伊利石充填成岩相和碳酸盐致密胶结成岩相物性较差.     

岩石物理相在砂砾岩储层分类评价中的应用——以M1井区上乌尔禾组为例

玛湖凹陷M1井区上乌尔禾组砂砾岩储层非均质性强,孔隙结构和试油产能差异大,主控因素不明.利用岩心、薄片、测录井及试油等资料,对M1井区上乌尔禾组的沉积相、成岩相、裂缝相以及储层综合分类展开研究.结果表明,扇三角洲砂砾岩储层主要为重力流及牵引流2种成因类型,对应扇面河道、水下分支河道、泥石流3种沉积微相.可识别出弱成岩作用相、溶蚀相、压实致密相、方解石胶结相4种成岩相.沉积相与成岩相是影响该区储层的主控因素,依此将储层分为水下分流河道-弱成岩作用相、水下分流河道-溶蚀相、扇面河道-弱成岩作用相、扇面河道-溶蚀相、泥石流-压实致密相、砂砾岩方解石胶结成岩相6种岩石物理相.依据沉积相和成岩相对于储层的影响,将6种岩石物理相归纳为3种类型储层,其中Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类储层最好,Ⅲ类储层最差,胶结致密.该区岩石物理相与试油结果匹配好,可有效预测有利储层分布区.     

白豹地区延长组长3储层的成岩作用与成岩相

目的 探讨砂岩成岩作用阶段划分、成岩作用类型及其对储层的影响.方法 根据铸体薄片、扫描电镜、X衍射、包裹体测温和镜煤反射率对储层进行综合分析和研究.结果 鄂尔多斯盆地白豹地区的长3砂岩储层处于中成岩A期阶段,主要的成岩作用有压实作用、胶结作用和溶蚀作用,它们对储层孔隙结构具有很强烈的影响作用.结论 强烈的压实作用和胶结作用使该区砂岩成为致密型储层,但早成岩阶段形成的绿泥石膜保护了一些砂岩的原生孔隙,从而使长3绿泥石胶结相储层中发育残余孔隙;晚成岩A期强烈的溶蚀作用使高岭石胶结相储层中发育溶蚀孔隙,从而在储层中形成孔隙发育带,构成了油气聚集的必要空间.     

鄂尔多斯盆地富县地区长8成岩相及其对储层类别的控制

富县地区延长组长8油层组是重要的产油层段之一,储层性能除了受沉积环境的影响之外,还受成岩作用、尤其是成岩相的控制.综合利用储层铸体薄片、压汞、扫描电镜和物性分析等资料对富县地区长8油层组碎屑组成、胶结物组分和储层孔隙结构、物性特征、成岩相及储层类别进行了详细研究,分析了储层成岩相分布规律及其对储层类别的控制作用.得出以下结论：研究区长8油层组主要发育5种成岩相：绿泥石薄膜胶结相、泥质胶结相、石英及长石胶结相、碳酸盐胶结相和长石溶蚀相.储层物性分布规律明显受成岩相控制,绿泥石薄膜胶结相和长石溶蚀相区储层物性最好,为Ⅱ类储层,为研究区最有利储集层发育的相带;泥质胶结相及石英、长石胶结相区储层物性稍差,为Ⅲ类储层;泥质胶结相及碳酸盐胶结相区储层物性最差,为Ⅳ类储层,即非储集岩.     

台北凹陷温吉桑地区致密砂岩储层特征及其控制因素

通过恒速压汞、CT扫描、X线衍射等实验技术,对台北凹陷温吉桑地区水西沟群致密砂岩储层特征与控制因素进行研究。研究结果表明:研究区砂岩成分、结构成熟度较低,储层致密,储集空间以各类微孔隙和微裂缝为主;微孔隙的形态、分布特征会影响储层喉道半径、孔隙结构,进而影响储层物性,即微孔隙集中连片分布要优于分散孤立分布;沉积于强水动力环境下的粗粒砂岩,有利于原生孔隙的保存和溶蚀孔隙的形成,储层物性好,主要对应于三角洲前缘水下分流河道等沉积微相;在煤系特有的成岩流体环境下,早期快速埋深压实是储层致密化的主要原因,硅质胶结、伊利石胶结、晚期碳酸盐岩胶结等强化储层致密;溶解作用和绿泥石胶结是主要的建设性成岩作用类型;纵向上,浅层(3.4 km)相对高孔隙度带主要受溶蚀作用影响,深层(3.8 km)相对高孔隙度带受绿泥石膜影响显著,因此,成岩作用是台北凹陷温吉桑地区致密砂岩储层形成的主控因素。     

延安东部地区山2段储层评价

通过各类常规实验分析资料,开展储层的岩石学特征、成岩作用、孔隙类型、储层物性和孔喉结构特征的研究。依据薄片分析、扫描电镜等资料判定延安东部地区山西组山2段发育石英砂岩,含岩屑石英砂岩,砂岩储层经历了复杂的成岩作用,常见压实、压溶作用,发育石英次生加大,高岭石、绿泥石胶结,长石、岩屑的溶蚀等。由此造成石英砂岩储层内发育残余粒间孔,及溶蚀粒内孔隙,其他岩类以溶蚀孔隙为主,偶见各种成岩的裂缝(隙)。压汞实验分析显示山2段储层非均质性强,储集空间小,分选中等,物性差异较大,山23亚段物性最好,并依据毛细管曲线将山2段储层划分为四类。最终,综合研究成果,评价研究区主要发育物性较差,孔喉中等,分选一般,属特低孔特低渗的Ⅱ、Ⅲ类储层,仅山23亚段发育Ⅰ类储层。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with