我国高水平竞技健美操运动员运动损伤特征研究

通过文献资料、问卷调查、专家访谈、现场观察、数理统计等方法,以及理疗跟踪的手段,对我国高水平竞技健美操运动员的运动损伤特征进行了研究。结果表明:我国高水平竞技健美操运动员的伤病率为100%,常见损伤部位的分布特征表现为关节损伤居多,肌肉损伤居次;损伤部位中居前4位的依次是腕、踝、腰、膝,并表现出:肩、腰、髋、踝部损伤与运动等级呈明显的正相关,颈、肘、腕、膝部损伤与运动等级呈正相关,足趾损伤与运动等级呈负相关的特征。高水平运动员运动损伤的主要类型为急性损伤,但是慢性损伤(48.18%)也不容忽视;90%的现役高水平竞技健美操运动员都是带伤训练,因伤完全停训者占到10%;在运动损伤发生的时间特征上,主要表现为运动损伤多发于赛前训练周、技术训练课、及做C组难度动作时。建议我国高水平竞技健美操运动队教练员和运动员定期参加损伤知识与预防技能的培训,以增强训练中防伤控伤的自觉自主性。运动队管理中积极建立运动损伤报告制,加强对伤病的长期监控及干预。     

投掷项目常见运动损伤分析

本文结合人体解剖学、运动生物力学及运动训练学中的技术训练、训练方法、负荷安排和场地等,从多角度对投掷运动员的运动损伤产生的原因进行分析,为减少运动损伤的发生,保证运动员的训练与发展,提出一些预防损伤的建议,以供参考。     

运动员自我运动损伤防范及教育

体育运动中运动员的自我损伤防范能力与损伤发生密切相关.对运动员开展自我损伤防范意识的教育与培养,可以有效降低运动损伤的发生风险,为损伤愈合创造了良好的条件.运动损伤防范能力的教育和培养内容包括运动人体科学基本知识、体育道德与行为、竞赛规则、训练原则、科学的训练方法与专项技术、运动损伤发生规律和营养对机体损伤与康复的影响.     

我国冰雪项目运动损伤流行病学调查与致因研究

采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、访谈法和统计分析法对我国冰雪项目运动员的运动损伤流行病学及致因进行调查与研究,对推动我国冬季冰雪运动项目的可持续发展具有重要意义.优秀的冰雪项目运动员是推动我国冬季冰雪项目的主力军,但运动损伤会使运动员的运动成绩受到影响,严重会影响运动员的运动寿命.研究发现,在冰雪项目中,冰球、自由式滑雪、速度滑冰、花样滑冰运动员在运动训练和比赛中发生运动损伤比率相对较高;冰雪项目运动员身体各部位受运动损伤的比率以腰背部、膝关节、踝关节和大、小腿较高;运动损伤的类型呈现多样化,扭伤、擦伤、挫伤、摔伤及撞伤较为常见;运动损伤的致因主要表现为激烈对抗及不合理冲撞、疲劳、自我保护意识缺乏及动作技术失误等.我们必须清醒地认识到运动损伤对冰雪项目运动员以及冰雪项目的危害性、积极采取应对措施,以预防、避免或减少冰雪项目运动员运动损伤的发生.     

中国优秀速滑男运动员运动损伤流行病与治疗的研究

对我国速滑运动员运动损伤流行病特点及治疗措施进行研究,为预防、避免或减少运动员运动损伤的发生提供参考.研究结果表明,中国运动员运动损伤呈现重复性和多发性的特点,腰背部、腿部和关节是运动损伤的高发部位,主要损伤类型为肌肉、关节和韧带的扭曲伤和挫伤,目前主要的治疗手段是静养、理疗和降低运动量,并采用多种方法综合治疗.     

跳高运动员膝踝关节损伤状况的调查及预防对策分析

为探讨跳高运动员运动损伤的发生状况,降低运动损伤的发生,有效提高跳高运动员的运动成绩,本文通过对全国田径大奖赛第2站暨世锦赛选拔赛的38名跳高运动员的损伤部位及损伤次数调查分析,发现在跳高运动中易于发生损伤的部位是膝关节和踝关节,损伤的主要原因是运动员体能不足、局部负荷过大和训练方案制定不合理。分析认为,在运动训练中,运动员需通过充分做好准备活动,加强相应关节力量和柔韧素质的训练等手段为降低跳高运动员膝、踝关节损伤的发生率。     

体育专业学生运动损伤的分析与研究

为了避免或减少运动损伤的发生,减轻损伤对机体的影响,采用问卷调查法对体育专业学生运动损伤的情况进行调查研究.结果表明:学生在运动训练中最常见的损伤主要发生在踝、腰、手、腕、膝、大腿和足等部位;最容易造成损伤的项目是篮球、足球、田径、体操等体育项目.提出相应的预防措施和建议,从而减少或避免运动损伤的发生.     

对于足球比赛中运动损伤的分析及预防

本文通过对足球运动员运动损伤的部位、场所、类型等分析,探索足球运动员损伤的原因,寻找预防的措施,从而减少运动损伤的发生,为教练员、队医和运动员对运动损伤的预防提供了参考依据。     

有效降低健美操运动的损伤率

随着我国健美操运动的飞速发展,在健美操运动中发生损伤不可避免。其中运动损伤多以肌肉扭伤、韧带拉伤、关节损伤和皮肤损伤等情况为主,并且运动者对运动损伤的应急处理常识缺乏。本文通过对运动员运动损伤的影响因素进行分析,并提出建设性意见,使运动者提高对运动损伤的预防。     

对乒乓球运动员运动损伤的研究

如何有效预防运动损伤已成为人们从事体育运动时不容忽视的问题。运动损伤的发生多与体育运动项目的技、战术动作、训练水平、运动环境与条件等因素有关。本文主要采用文献资料法、访谈法等科研方法,对不同层次和不同打法类型乒乓球运动员的运动损伤规律,从解剖学、生理学等方面对乒乓球运动损伤进行了系统性的阐述,并根据损伤制定了相应的预防措施,从而为练习者进行运动损伤的预防提供参考。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.