二芳胺基呋喃甲酰胺类化合物的合成设计及抗菌活性研究

酰胺类化合物是最重要的农用杀菌剂之一.为了获得具有高抗植物病原真菌活性的新型酰胺类化合物,本论文设计、合成了20种结构新颖的含二芳胺结构的2-甲基-3呋喃甲酰胺类化合物,并通过了1 H NMR的结构确定.采用菌丝生长速率法对合成的化合物进行抗四种植物病原真菌的活性测定,结果表明大部分化合物对油菜菌核病菌和水稻纹枯病菌表现出显著抑菌效果.化合物1i对油菜菌核病菌的EC50值为1.9229mg/L,优于商品杀菌剂啶酰菌胺(2.6736mg/L)和先导杀菌剂甲呋酰胺(9.9667mg/L),显示出较好的抗菌活性,为进一步以此类新型杀菌剂进行先导优化提供理论基础.     

新型2-甲基-3-呋喃甲酰胺类化合物的设计、合成及抑菌活性研究

为寻找高活性抑菌化合物,20种以杀菌剂甲呋酰胺为结构基础的新型2-甲基-3-呋喃甲酰胺类化合物经过设计并合成,它们的结构已通过氢核磁确定.接着,选取5种常见且具有代表性的植物病原真菌(水稻纹枯病菌、油菜菌核病菌、马铃薯晚疫病菌、番茄绵腐病菌、苹果轮纹病菌)作为供试菌种,采用生长速率法对所合成的目标化合物进行了抑菌活性初步筛选.结果表明:在浓度为20mg/L时,化合物1e,1f,2a,2b和2f对水稻纹枯病菌的校正抑菌率分别为88.6%、74.5%、78.5%、78.7%和73.1%,优于阳性对照甲呋酰胺(70.5%).进一步对5种化合物抑制水稻纹枯病菌有效中浓度(EC_(50))的测定,发现化合物1e的EC_(50)值为2.824mg/L,优于阳性对照杀菌剂甲呋酰胺(EC_(50)=7.691mg/L).表明化合物1e对水稻纹枯病菌抑菌活性最强,可作为先导化合物进一步结构优化.     

N-取代苯基-5-三氟甲基-4-吡唑酰胺类化合物的合成及抗植物真菌生物活性研究

吡唑酰胺类化合物是一类具有独特作用机制的化合物,为了发现更高活性的吡唑酰胺类化合物,设计并合成了9个结构新颖的N-取代苯基-5-三氟甲基-4-吡唑酰胺类化合物。采用生长速率法,测试了化合物对5种植物病原真菌:小麦赤霉病菌(Fusarium graminearum)、辣椒枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum)、茄子黄萎病菌(Verticillium dahliae)、水稻纹枯病菌(Thanatephorus cucumeris)和油菜菌核病菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)的抑制活性。初步生物活性表明:在100μg/m L浓度下,部分目标化合物对测试真菌有一定的抑制作用,其中化合物5d对茄子黄萎病菌和水稻纹枯病菌的抑制率分别为51.5%和65.8%,为进一步结构优化提供参考。     

新型酰胺类化合物的合成及抗植物病原真菌活性研究

为了寻找具有潜在抗真菌活性的新型农用化学品,我们以瑞香狼毒中提取的二苯酮类似物为先导,设计并合成了一系列的酰胺类化合物,并进行了以下5种植物真菌的筛选:水稻纹枯病菌（Rhizoctonia solani）、小麦赤霉病菌（Gibberella zeae）、玉米小斑病菌（Bipolarismaydis）、番茄灰霉病菌（Botrytis cirerea）和油菜菌核病菌（Sclerotinia sclerotiorum）.初步的活性筛选研究显示:氮-（2-氟苯基）-2,4,5-三甲基-3-呋喃甲酰胺（p）具有很强的抗水稻纹枯病菌活性（在20和200 mg/L的浓度下抑制率分别为98%和99%）;氮-（4-氟苯基）-2,5-二甲基-3-呋喃甲酰胺（h）和氮-（2-氟苯基）-2,5-二甲基-3-呋喃甲酰胺（k）这两种化合物在200 mg/L浓度下对油菜菌核病菌的抑制率分别为94%和90%.病原真菌毒力测试表明,化合物k的EC₅₀值为0.034 mg/L,优于作为参考的多菌灵（0.050 mg/L）.根据化合物k的抑菌活性和EC₅₀结果,我们可以推断化合物k对水稻纹枯病菌具有很好的抑制活性.因此,化合物k被证明是最具深入研究潜力的化合物.     

斑蝥素对植物病原菌抑制作用的研究

研究了斑蝥素对植物病原菌的抑菌活性，结果表明：500mg/L的斑蝥素溶液对所测的9种植物病原细菌均无抑制作用，对所测的8种植物病原真菌中的水稻纹枯病菌、棉花立枯病菌、蚕豆菌核病菌、油莱菌核病菌、苹果炭疽病菌、棉花枯萎病菌等6种有明显的抑制作用。其中，500mg/L的斑蝥素对水稻纹枯病菌、棉花立枯病菌、苹果炭疽病菌的生长抑制作用较强。以不同的斑蝥素提取物浓度处理水稻纹枯病菌，实验结果表明：斑蝥素抑制水稻纹枯病菌生长的战EC90=4．80mg/L，EC50=1．84mg/L，且10mg/L的斑蝥素对水稻纹枯病菌菌核萌发的抑制率为100％。     

N'',N"-双(5-烷基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-)基对苯二甲酰基双硫脲的合成与生物活性

为寻找高活性的含杂环农药,由中间体5-烷基-2-氨基-1,3,4-噻二唑与对苯二甲酰基二异硫氰酸酯反应,合成6种新的含1,3,4-噻二唑环的对苯二甲酰基双硫脲化合物Ⅲa-f.通过元素分析、红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱对所合成的化合物进行结构表征.生物活性测试结果表明:所合成的目标化合物对受试菌种小麦赤霉病菌,水稻纹枯病菌、棉枯萎病菌和油菜菌核病菌均表现出一定的抑制活性,但对棉枯萎病菌的抑制活性均较差.其中化合物Ⅲa和Ⅲb分别对油菜菌核病菌和水稻纹枯病菌有较强的抑制活性,抑制率分别为40.4%和51.6%,而Ⅲf的抑菌活性较弱.     

N＇，N＂-双（5-烷基-1，3，4-噻二唑-2-）基对苯二甲酰基双硫脲的合成与生物活性

为寻找高活性的含杂环农药,由中间体5-烷基-1,3,4-噻二唑与对苯二甲酰基二异硫氰酸酯反应,合成6种新的含1,3,4-噻二唑环的对苯二甲酰基双硫脲化合物Ⅲa-f。通过元素分析、红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱对所合成的化合物进行结构表征。生物活性测试结果表明：所合成的目标化合物对受试菌种小麦赤霉病菌,水稻纹枯病菌、棉枯萎病菌和油菜菌核病菌均表现出一定的抑制活性,但对棉枯萎病菌的抑制活性均较差。其中化合物Ⅲa和Ⅲb分别对油菜菌核病菌和水稻纹枯病菌有较强的抑制活性,抑制率分别为40．4％和51．6％,Ⅲf抑菌活性较弱。     

N-烷基氢化诺卜基胺及其丙酰化衍生物的合成与活性研究

由氢化诺卜醇与亚硫酰氯反应制得氢化诺卜基氯,再分别与甲胺、乙胺、正丙胺、异丙胺、正丁胺在水热合成反应釜中加热下反应,合成了5种N-烷基氢化诺卜基胺(3a～3e).用共沸脱酸法使它们分别与丙酸酐反应,合成了5种N-烷基-N-氢化诺卜基丙酰胺(4a～4e),产物得率85%以上,GC纯度98%以上,对10个化合物均进行了IR、¹H NMR、¹³C NMR与MS分析,表征了它们的结构.以西瓜枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum)、莴苣菌核病菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)、绵腐卧孔菌(Poria vaporaria)、彩绒革盖菌(Coriolus versicolor)、绿色木霉(Triochoderma viride)为供试菌株,开展抑菌活性测定,结果表明,所合成的丙酰胺类化合物均有一定的活性,其中N-甲基-N-氢化诺卜基丙酰胺(4a)对西瓜枯萎病菌的抑制效果较好; N-乙基-N-氢化诺卜基丙酰胺(4b)对莴苣菌核病菌和绵腐卧孔菌的抑制活性较好.     

4-取代苯甲酰氧基-2-取代苯甲酰氨基噻唑衍生物的合成与生物活性

以商品化的杀菌剂噻唑菌胺和噻氟酰胺为先导,保持噻唑环活性结构,在噻唑环的4位引入酯基,设计合成了9个新型的4-取代苯甲酰氧基-2-取代苯甲酰氨基噻唑衍生物,中间体2-亚氨基-4-噻唑烷酮由简便易得的原料溴乙酸乙酯与硫脲一步合成.用IR、1H NMR、13C NMR、MS和元素分析等对合成的噻唑酰胺化合物结构进行了表征.并对其杀菌和抗肿瘤生物活性进行了测试,初步的研究结果表明,该类化合物基本上没有抗肿瘤活性,但部分化合物对小麦赤霉病和黄瓜灰霉病有较好的抑制效果.     

草珊瑚内生真菌SgG4抗植物病原真菌的活性物质研究

对草珊瑚内生真菌卷曲木霉Trichoderma spirale SgG4抗植物病原真菌的活性物质进行研究。采用菌丝生长速率法对SgG4发酵产物进行抑菌活性测定,采用硅胶柱层析法并结合活性追踪对发酵产物的活性萃取物进行活性物质分离纯化,运用核磁共振谱和质谱技术对活性化合物进行结构鉴定。结果表明,抗菌活性物质主要存在于发酵产物的乙酸乙酯萃取物中,该萃取物对13种植物病原真菌均有较好的抑制活性,EC₅₀值为0.000 2～2.475 7 g/L,其中对甘蔗凤梨病菌的抑制活性最好。从发酵产物的乙酸乙酯萃取物中分离出1个抑菌活性化合物,鉴定为木霉酸(trichoderma acid)。木霉酸在0.1 g/L时,对13种植物病原真菌均有抑制作用,其中对茶轮斑病菌、烟草黑胫病菌、甘蔗凤梨病菌和白绢病菌的抑菌率为100%,对其余9种植物病原真菌的抑菌率为21.43%～85.71%。可见,木霉酸的抑菌活性较好且抗菌谱广,在微生物源杀菌剂方面具有较好的开发应用前景。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.