峰峰煤矿塌陷区典型农田土壤剖面重金素元素化学风化规律

采集峰峰煤矿塌陷区典型农田剖面土壤,通过测定分析不同埋深土壤重金属元素(As、Cu、Ni、Pb、Cr、Cd、Zn和Hg)分布特征,利用质量平衡理论进行化学风化规律研究,探究塌陷驱动下剖面土壤重金属元素化学风化过程.结果 表明:峰峰煤矿塌陷区典型农田剖面土壤重金属元素Pb、Cd和As的含量超过国家农用地土壤污染风险管控标准,最大超标倍数分别为3.86、59.77、3.82;元素Cu、Ni、Zn、Cr和Hg未超标.重金属元素Cd和As可能在塌陷驱动下,受地表径流和雨水淋滤下渗影响,使得其含量自表层向下逐渐增加.表层土壤元素Cu、Pb、Cr、Hg迁入富集,元素Ni、As、Zn和Cd迁出淋滤;犁底层元素Cu、Ni、Zn和Pb迁出淋滤,Hg迁入富集,其余元素规律变化不明显.累积元素存在潜在风险,需要监控;淋滤元素存在直接风险,需要高度管控.实验结论为全面评估煤矿开采对土壤化学性能的影响,防治流域水土流失和保护区域生态环境提供科学依据.     

上海城市地表灰尘重金属粒级效应与赋存形态研究

以上海中心城区地表灰尘中Zn,Cr和Pb为研究对象,初步探讨粒级效应对其含量及赋存形态的影响.研究结果显示：(1) 各功能区地表灰尘粒径分布具有较高一致性,小于75 μm地表灰尘占总量的47.4%,高于其他3个粒径级别; (2) 上海地表灰尘重金属处于较高污染水平,Zn,Cr和Pb最高值分别出现在商业区、工业区和居民区; (3) 地表灰尘重金属累积具有明显的粒级效应,重金属主要富集在小于75 μm粒径颗粒物中,Zn,Cr和Pb相对质量分数分别为32.8%,36.0%和30.0%,其次为75~150 μm,相对质量分数分别为31.4%,28.7%和27.6%; (4) Zn,Cr和Pb五种赋存形态在各粒级中分布较一致,Zn以碳酸盐结合态和铁锰氧化物结合态为主,Cr以残渣态为主,Pb以铁锰氧化物结合态为主,生物活性Zn,Pb和Cr,粒径分布对Zn,Cr和Pb赋存形态影响较小.     

吉林中部黑土区春秋两季土壤重金属元素转化研究

针对春、秋两季松花江流域和辽河流域的吉林中部黑土区土壤重金属元素有效性转化问题,利用有效系数指标,采用相关性分析等方法,研究了流域土壤重金属元素转化效率的特征及影响因素.结果表明:吉林中部黑土区Cr、Cu、Ni元素的转化效率春季高于秋季,As、Cd、Zn、Pb的转化效率春季低于秋季;春、秋季As、Cd、Cu、Zn、Pb的转化效率松花江流域低于辽河流域,表现了季节和物源不同重金属元素转化效率的显著差异性.As、Cd、Zn、Pb的有效系数与全量之间具有显著相关关系,Cr、Cu、Ni的转化效率与元素全量无关;重金属元素转化效率之间具有明显的协同和拮抗作用.Cd、Cr、Ni、Zn的转化效率与土壤pH呈显著负相关;Cu与Pb的转化效率与土壤pH呈显著正相关;As、Cr、Cu、Pb的转化效率与有机质含量呈显著负相关.     

矸石电厂不同粒径粉煤灰中重金属分布规律的研究

粉煤灰的大气污染是其造成环境污染的主要因素,造成的危害与其成分有密切关系。应用强酸消解法结合AAS测试研究了新汶矿区五个矸石电厂的不同粒径粉煤灰中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr五种重金属的含量,得出了在不同粒径粉煤灰中重金属分布规律,即:Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd的含量随粒径减小有不同程度的增加,细粒径灰中的重金属元素总量高于粗粒径灰,在细粒径灰中明显富集的趋势;但Cr与其它元素不同,随粉煤灰粒径变小其含量则呈降低趋势。粉煤灰颗粒的吸附性能及元素的地球化学性质影响重金属在不同粒径粉煤灰中的含量,应注意细粒径粉煤灰的环境影响。     

基于标准化方法的峰峰煤矿塌陷区农田表层土壤重金属污染评价研究

为进一步评估煤矿塌陷对农田土壤环境的影响,文章系统采集测试了煤矿塌陷区农田表层土壤39件,运用标准化方法对重金属元素As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn进行了污染评价研究。结果表明峰峰煤炭塌陷区农田表层土壤重金属元素均值均高于全国土壤环境背景均值。表层土壤重金属元素污染组合特征为:元素Pb、Cr、As和Ni为一族;元素Hg、Cd、Zn、Cu为一族。表层土壤明显受到了重金属元素Cd、Cu、Hg、Pb和Zn的污染。重金属元素Hg的污染程度以轻度为主,中度为辅;重金属元素As、Cd、Cu和Zn为点状轻度污染。     

茅洲河流域表层沉积物重金属生态风险评价

为全面了解茅洲河底泥沉积物中重金属污染特征及其生态风险程度,在茅洲干流和支流中共采集34个底泥样品,测试分析As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Ni,Pb,Zn等7种重金属元素含量,并对其污染来源及生态风险进行讨论.研究结果表明,茅洲河流域表层沉积物中重金属元素Pb,Cd,Cr,Cu,Zn,Ni含量较高,均值均超过中国湖泊底泥中重金属平均含量值,其中Cr,Cu,Zn和Ni超过国家海洋沉积物Ⅲ类标准值.7种重金属元素的地积累指数从大到小依次为Cu,Ni~Zn~Cd~Cr,Pb,As,污染负荷指数从大小到依次为Cu,Ni~Zn,Cd~Cr,Pb,As,潜在生态风险指数从大到小依次为Cd~Cu,Ni,Cr~Zn,As~Pb,这说明沉积物主要受到Cu,Zn,Ni,Cd和Cr的污染.     

黄石典型城市小型浅水湖泊沉积物重金属污染特征及潜在生态风险评价

采集青山湖(4号湖)18个样点共计50个沉积物样品,分析了Cu、Pb、Cr、Cd、Ni、Hg、As和Zn等8种重金属的分布特征,并采用内梅罗综合污染指数法、地累积指数法和潜在生态危害指数法进行生态风险评价.结果显示,除Hg和Ni外,其它重金属的平均含量均超出湖北省A层土壤元素背景值以及全国土壤环境质量标准(GB 15618-1995)的限值,以Cd污染最严重,其次依次为Cu、Zn、Pb、As等;且每种重金属空间分布的差异性不大.内梅罗综合污染指数评价显示,青山湖沉积物大部分重金属指标处于V级严重污染状态,污染程度由高至低依次为:Cd Cu Pb Zn As Cr Ni;地累积指数评价表明,沉积物重金属污染程度由高至低依次为:Cd Cu Zn Pb As Cr Ni;潜在生态危害指数评价表明,青山湖所有样点重金属均表现出很强的潜在生态风险,风险由强到弱依次为:Cd Cu Pb As Zn Ni Cr,其中Cd的生态风险贡献率达90.25%.研究表明,青山湖沉积物重金属污染严重,其中Cd为最主要的污染元素,潜在生态风险极高,其次为Cu、Pb、Zn、As.     

南京莫愁湖沉积物中重金属污染调查

为了解南京莫愁湖沉积物中重金属的含量、污染程度,应用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱分析仪(ICP-AES)对沉积物中Cd,Cr,Cu,Mn,Ni,Pb,Zn等7种重金属的含量进行分析,并应用地累积指数法计算各种重金属的污染指数,评价各种重金属所引起的污染程度。分析结果表明:莫愁湖沉积物中重金属含量由大到小的排列顺序为:Mn,Zn,Pb,Cu,Cr,Ni,Cd;应用地累积指数法计算得出莫愁湖表层沉积物中主要重金属污染元素为Cd,处于偏重的污染程度,其次为Pb,Zn,污染程度为轻度污染,而Cr,Cu,Mn和Ni没有引起污染,处于清洁状态;沉积物垂向上Mn和Zn含量变化较大,主要的重金属污染元素为Cd,Pb,Zn。     

公路旁侧土壤-植物系统中的重金属分布特征

对内蒙古西部地区国道公路旁侧土壤与植物中重金属（Cd、Hg、Pb、Cu、Zn、Ni、Cr、As和Se）含量以及土壤重金属（Cu、Zn、Pb、Ni、Cr）形态进行测定,分析了公路旁侧土壤和植物油松（Pinus tabulae formis）、小叶杨（Populus simonii）中重金属元素含量特征,分析该区域土壤的重金属分布状况以及重金属的生物有效性。结果表明：Cd、Pb、Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Hg、As、Se的含量随距公路垂直距离的分布并不是简单的线性负相关关系。土壤重金属元素的吸附及污染程度以Cd为最高,土壤中Cd、Pb含量偏高可能因为机动车辆运行导致向公路两旁释放Cd、Pb元素。并在土壤中沉积所致。重金属在植物体不同器官中的含量存在一定差异。植物的根部和茎叶中重金属的含量均表现出“N”字形变动趋势。重金属元素有效态占总量百分比的大小序列与重金属元素在不同植物不同器官中的含量大小序列基本相同,5种重金属元素有效态占总量百分比的大小序列为：c（Zn）〉c（Pb）〉c（Ni）、c（Cr）〉c（Cu）,与重金属元素在不同植物不同器官中的含量大小序列趋于一致。     

神府矿区煤矸石周边土壤重金属污染评价

为研究矿区煤矸石堆放对生态环境产生的影响,选取神府矿区煤矸石周边土壤为研究对象,探讨矿区煤矸石释放的重金属Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd、Ni、As、Cu对周边土壤污染危害状况.并用潜在生态风险指数法评价研究矿区土壤重金属污染风险等级.结果表明:神府矿区煤矸石周边土壤内重金属Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd含量均严重超过中国土壤元素背景值,其中各矿区煤矸石周边的重金属Pb、Cd的单项潜在生态风险等级均达到2级,属于中等污染;神府矿区周边土壤重金属的综合潜在生态风险指数为193.83,污染等级为3级风险,属显著污染.此外,煤矸石周边土壤淋溶实验显示重金属Pb、Zn在土壤中的溶出率高达50%多,表明重金属Pb、Zn在土壤中易发生转移.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

<正>~~     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to