枸杞蜂花粉多糖超声波提取工艺优化及抗氧化活性分析

为确定枸杞蜂花粉多糖的最佳提取工艺,采用Box-Behnken试验设计,以提取得率为考察指标,优化超声辅助提取枸杞蜂花粉多糖的工艺,并研究了优化提取工艺条件下多糖的体外抗氧化活性。实验结果表明,超声辅助提取枸杞蜂花粉多糖的优化工艺为:料液比(g/mL)1∶25、提取温度90℃、超声功率240W、超声时间20min,多糖的得率为0.89%~0.91%,与预测值结果相符,表明模型拟合良好、优化工艺可行。体外抗氧化活性实验表明,枸杞蜂花粉多糖有较好的DPPH自由基和ABTS⁺自由基清除能力,但FRAP值较低。研究结果可为枸杞蜂花粉多糖的开发利用提供一定依据。     

汉中仙毫茶多酚与维生素C抗氧化及抑菌活性的协同作用

采用DPPH·和ABTS⁺·方法研究了汉中仙毫茶多酚与维生素C(VC)体外抗氧化活性的协同作用,采用二倍稀释法和牛津杯法研究了茶多酚与VC混合物对大肠杆菌的抑菌作用。茶多酚与VC的混合物[m(茶多酚)∶m(VC)=1∶1,1∶2,2∶1]具有较强的DPPH·清除能力,其EC₅₀值低于茶多酚和VC；并且混合物中VC所占比例越高,EC₅₀值就越低。m(茶多酚)与m(VC)的1∶1混合物对ABTS⁺·的EC₅₀值略低于VC。基于体外抗氧化活性与样品浓度之间量效关系构建的数学模型具有较高的拟合度。m(茶多酚)与m(VC)的1∶1和2∶1混合物对大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度分别为38和46mg·mL-1。m(茶多酚)与m(VC)的2∶1混合物的抑菌圈直径较大,其抑菌活性略高于茶多酚。茶多酚与VC以特定比例混合后,自由基清除能力有所提高,并且抑菌活性有明显的提升。     

面包树树叶类黄酮提取工艺优化及抗氧化性评价

为探究面包树(Artocarpus altilis)树叶类黄酮的最佳提取工艺条件,本研究以面包树树叶为原料,乙醇为提取剂,采用常温提取法、回流提取法、超声波辅助提取法3种方法进行提取,得到最佳提取方法;在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面分析法优化提取工艺,并评价其抗氧化活性。结果表明,最佳提取工艺条件为乙醇体积分数86.15%、固液比1∶8.3 (g/mL)、提取温度74.03℃、超声时间71.33 min,类黄酮得率为8.87%,含量为0.93 mg/mL。类黄酮对DPPH自由基的半抑制浓度(IC₅₀)值为0.23 mg/mL,对ABTS⁺自由基的IC₅₀值为0.024 mg/mL。上述工艺条件能有效提取面包树树叶中的类黄酮成分,其具有较强的自由基清除能力,为面包树树叶类黄酮资源的开发与利用提供了参考。     

见血青总皂苷体外溶血与抗氧化活性研究

利用溶血与凝聚检查法检测见血青总皂苷体外溶血活性, 以及用DPPH自由基法、水杨酸法、邻苯三酚自氧化法研究其体外抗氧化活性.实验结果显示: 总皂苷在012~06 mg/mL范围内未表现出溶血作用, 但出现了红细胞凝聚现象; 对DPPH自由基的清除率与BHT相当, 其IC50值为017 mg/mL; 对羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基的清除率较Vc弱, 且在0025~0475 mg/mL浓度范围内变化不大.     

不同冲泡条件下的槐米茶茶汤对ABTS阳离子自由基的清除作用

为探究槐米茶的最佳冲泡条件及槐米茶茶汤对ABTS阳离子自由基(ABTS⁺·)的清除作用，以市场上主要的两种槐米茶(广西槐米茶和山西槐米茶)为原料，结合单因素试验与响应面试验进行研究。结果表明：在1∶40 (g/mL)的茶水比例下90℃的纯净水冲泡1次、冲泡3 min得到的广西槐米茶茶汤效果最佳；在1∶40 (g/mL)的茶水比例下90℃的纯净水冲泡1次、冲泡5 min得到的山西槐米茶茶汤效果最佳。在最佳冲泡条件下进行3次平行试验验证，广西槐米茶茶汤与山西槐米茶茶汤的ABTS^＋·清除率分别为(45.61±1.62)%和(37.89±1.02)%,与响应面预测值相近，说明两种槐米茶茶汤模型拟合度较好。在此条件下冲泡的槐米茶茶汤对ABTS^＋·的清除作用最佳。本研究为槐米茶产业的发展提供了一定的理论参考。     

大孔吸附树脂提取粗壮女贞苦丁茶总黄酮及抗氧化活性

目的:研究大孔吸附树脂分离纯化苦丁茶总黄酮的最佳工艺及黄酮化合物的抗氧化活性.方法:采用大孔吸附树脂法获得总黄酮.利用紫外分光光度法测定苦丁茶总黄酮不同浓度下在体外对DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、羟基自由基和ABTS自由基的清除能力.结果:大孔吸附树脂提取最佳工艺为上样流速为3 mL/min,上样浓度为1.2 mg/mL,其黄酮类化合物在体外抗氧化的能力包括ABTS自由基、DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子自由基和羟基自由基,在不同浓度下的最大清除能力分别为88.65%、87.94%、89.11%和73.21%.结论:总黄酮对4种自由基有良好的清除效果.     

不同产地大果山楂总黄酮含量及抗氧化活性

为测定不同产地大果山楂总黄酮含量及其体外抗氧化活性,选用广西、广东10种不同产地的大果山楂鲜果,采用回流提取法和超声提取法对大果山楂总黄酮进行提取;对可见分光光度法进行方法学考察,并采用DPPH自由基清除法和氧自由基吸收法来评价大果山楂体外抗氧化活性。结果表明,超声提取法耗时短、效率高、操作简便,优于回流提取法,适用于大果山楂总黄酮的提取;芦丁在0.008—0.064 mg/mL范围内线性关系良好,R²=0.998 3,平均加样回收率为99.78%（RSD=1.07%）,表明可见分光光度法适用于大果山楂总黄酮含量测定;10种产地大果山楂总黄酮含量存在显著差异（P<0.05）,其中广西靖西市大果山楂总黄酮含量高达38.61 mg/g,大部分产地的大果山楂总黄酮含量为20.91—32.63 mg/g。体外抗氧化活性结果表明,不同产地大果山楂总黄酮提取液均具有良好的DPPH自由基清除能力和氧自由基吸收能力,以广西靖西市大果山楂总黄酮提取液体外抗氧化效果最佳,其DPPH自由基清除能力的半数清除浓度IC₅₀=（0.048±0.006）mg/mL,氧自由基吸收能力为（39.35±0.42）mg TE/g FW。本研究为大果山楂的原料、产品质量控制,以及功能性食品的开发利用提供一定的理论基础。     

见血青总生物碱的抑菌活性和抗氧化性研究

采用滤纸片法,以12种细菌和4种真菌为试供菌种,对见血青总生物碱进行体外抑菌活性实验;并通过DPPH法测定见血青总生物碱清除自由基能力. 抑菌实验结果表明:见血青总生物碱对16种微生物的生长均有很强的抑制性.抗氧化实验表明,见血青总生物碱在0.5～100 μg/mL的实验浓度范围内具有很强的清除DPPH自由基的活性,清除率为5%～93.5%,其清除DPPH自由基的活性显著高于同等浓度的BHT.     

硒化壳寡糖的合成及抗氧化作用研究

以亚硒酸钠和壳寡糖为原料,合成了硒化壳寡糖,产率为37.26%,硒含量为9.02mg/g。利用紫外-可见光谱、红外光谱两种表征手段,证实了硒化壳寡糖的合成。采用邻二氮菲-Fe2+氧化法、邻苯三酚自氧化法以及总抗氧化能力试剂盒测定硒化壳寡糖的抗氧化能力。结果表明,在实验设置的浓度范围内,硒化壳寡糖的抗氧化能力随着浓度的增加而增加,且硒化壳寡糖的抗氧化能力高于壳寡糖。1mg/mL的硒化壳寡糖对羟自由基的清除率为40.27%,对超氧阴离子的清除率为38.68%,总抗氧化能力为0.617单位/mL。本实验为研究低毒性、有效的有机补硒产品奠定了基础。     

小叶女贞叶片提取物药用活性研究

对小叶女贞叶片提取物进行体外抗菌、细胞毒性以及抗氧化药用活性研究,结果表明,小叶女贞叶片提取物对铜绿假单胞菌PAO1具有较强的抑制作用,最小抑制浓度(MIC)为8.0 mg/mL;对人肝癌细胞BEL-7404体外增殖具有显著的抑制作用,浓度在0.6 mg/mL时,抑制率达94.2％;同时具有较强的DPPH自由基清除能力,浓度为15.1 μg/mL时,清除率为85.9％.活性跟踪测试表明,小叶女贞叶片提取物干柱层析得到的各组分中,低极性组分Fr.1为活性部分.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with