Si3N4／铸铁在空气和水润滑下的摩擦学特性

在Ｍ－２００环－块磨损试验机上研究了空气、蒸馏水润滑条件下Ｓｉ３Ｎ４／灰铸铁、Ｓｉ３Ｎ４／低铬铸铁（ＤＴ）摩擦副的摩擦磨损，同时与Ｓｉ３Ｎ４／Ｔ８钢摩擦副进行对比，讨论了铸铁中石墨和碳化物对摩擦磨损的影响，结果表明：蒸溜水润滑下，Ｓｉ３Ｎ４／ＨＴ的摩擦系统非常小，Ｓｉ３Ｎ４与ＨＴ的磨损体积也最小，这是由摩擦时Ｓｉ３Ｎ４水解与形成石墨膜共同作用的；而空气润滑下，Ｓｉ３Ｎ４／ＨＴ的摩擦靡损就不具有这种     

水溶性高分子型抗磨剂对钢／钢摩擦磨损行为的研究

采用点接触及面接触的形式，在合成的水溶性高分子型抗磨添加剂存在的情况下，得出了钢／钢摩擦副的点摩擦和面摩擦的磨损量的测量结果。进行了四球机评价试验、工具磨耗试验及Ｖ－１０４Ｃ叶片泵的耐磨耗试验，采用扫描电子显微镜观察了磨损表面的形貌，用电子能谱观察了在摩擦表面形成的膜中所含有的元素，并研究它与该抗磨剂成分之间的关系。     

润滑条件下钢/钢滑动摩擦副P-V图的研究

在球盘式摩擦磨损试验机上，采用阶梯加载方式，测定了润滑条件下钢／钢滑动摩 擦副的临界载荷－速度（Ｐ－Ｖ）图，分析了Ｐ－Ｖ图各区域的摩擦磨损特性。试验发现， 边界润滑不仅出现在低速下，在高速下也同样存在。根据俄歇能谱及铁谱分析结果，可 以证明氧化膜对润滑状态转化起着决定性的作用。     

水溶性高分子型抗磨剂对钢／钢摩擦磨损行为的研究

采用点接触及面接触的形式，在合成的水溶性高分子型抗磨添加剂存在的情况下，得出了钢／钢摩擦副的点摩擦和面摩擦的磨损量的测量结果，进行了四球机评价试验、工具磨耗试验及Ｖ－１０４Ｃ叶片泵的耐磨耗试验，采用扫描电子显微观察了磨损表面的形貌，用电子能谱观察了在摩擦表面形成的膜中所含有元素，并研究它与该抗磨剂成分之间的关系。     

超高分子量聚乙烯与45钢的摩擦磨损特性研究

在MMW-1万能摩擦磨损试验机上完成了超高分子量聚乙烯（UHMWPE）与45钢的摩擦磨损试验,研究了载荷和转速对其摩擦磨损特性的影响．结果表明：UHMWPE与45钢对磨时,20N、320r／min试验条件下摩擦系数最小,为0.04;50N、320r／min试验条件下摩擦系数最大,为0.81;相对轻载低速条件下主要存在磨粒磨损,相对重载高速条件下主要存在粘着磨损。     

透明质酸对人工关节材料的润滑作用

配合人工软骨材料的研究,探讨透明质酸（ＨＡ）作为摩擦副的人工滑液时的润滑性能。在ＰＶＡ－Ｈ／３１６Ｌ,ＰＶＡ－Ｈ／ＰＶＡ－Ｈ两类摩擦副上,利用锥板式粘度计,改进后的振子式摩擦仪和Ｍ２０００型磨损试验机,测定了不同质量分数的ＨＡ溶液的流变性质、摩擦性能和磨损性能,结果表明,ＨＡ溶液一定程度上具有天然滑液的流变性质,并有效地降低了摩擦副的摩擦磨损,其对ＰＶＡ－Ｈ／ＰＶＡ－Ｈ摩擦副润滑作用更佳,且０．７     

基于油液监测船用柴油机活塞环摩擦磨损研究

从延长船用柴油机活塞环寿命的角度出发，利用油液检测技术，对活塞环－缸套间摩擦副间的摩擦磨损过程进行分析研究，分析活塞环－缺套间的润滑与摩擦磨损规律，寻找改善活塞环－缸套润滑状态的途径，并证明利用油液检测技术是进行摩擦副的摩擦磨损研究的有效途径。     

Ni基与Ni-P基含MoS_2复会电刷镀层的减摩特性

在“球－盘”试验机上对Ｎｉ／ＭｏＳ２与 Ｎｉ－Ｐ／ＭｏＳ２两种复合镀层的摩擦磨损性能进行全面的测试与比较，并对其作用机理进行了分析。试验结果表明，两种复合镀层在油润滑条件下的摩擦系数，一般均可达到 ０．０５～０．０６的水平，而 Ｎｉ－Ｐ／ＭｏＳ２的承载能力或磨损寿命要比 Ｎｉ／ＭｏＳ２提高 ４～６倍以上。     

增强玻璃纤维对MC尼龙复合材料摩擦学性能的影响

在ＭＭ－２００型磨损试验机上,研究了玻璃纤维增强ＭＣ尼龙（ＧＦ／ＭＣ）复合材料的干摩擦磨损特性,借助于扫描电镜探讨了它的磨损机理,并与ＭＣ尼龙作了对比。结果表明,在给定的试验条件下,随载荷和滑动速度的增大,二者的摩擦温度升高,ＭＣ尼龙的摩擦系数减小,ＧＦ／ＭＣ的摩擦系数先增后减出现一最大值;当ＰＶ值低于８４Ｎｍ／ｓ时,ＧＦ／ＭＣ材料的摩擦系数和磨损率比ＭＣ尼龙小,磨损机理均以粘着磨损和磨粒磨损为主,但ＧＦ／ＭＣ的粘着磨损比ＭＣ尼龙轻;当ＰＶ值大于８４Ｎｍ／ｓ时,ＧＦ／ＭＣ的摩擦系数略大于ＭＣ尼龙,而磨损率则显著高于ＭＣ尼龙,其磨损机理主要为疲劳剥落和磨粒磨损,而ＭＣ尼龙的磨损机理主要为粘着磨损和磨粒磨损。     

10W／30CF—4高速重负荷柴油机油全配方试验

10W／30CF－4级重负荷增压柴油机油是一种宽粘度域的多级油，对减少发动机的摩擦磨损，节约燃料非常有利。在10W／30CF－4柴油机油的研制中，对涉及到的8种功能添加剂，采用科学的正交试验设计进行了全配方试验，确定出最佳配方。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with