烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

摩擦焊接碳钢（EN24）和镍基高温合金（IN718）的显微组织和力学性能

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.     

汽车暴露面板带有表面条状缺陷的夹杂物分布特征分析:一种定量电解方法

The specific distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the sliver defect were analyzed in detail to explain the formation mechanism of the sliver defect on the automobile exposed panel surface. A quantitative electrolysis method was used to compare and evaluate the three-dimensional morphology, size, composition, quantity, and distribution of inclusions in the defect and non-defect zone of automobile exposed panel. The Al₂O₃ inclusions were observed to be aggregated or chain-like shape along with the sliver defect of about 3–10 μm. The aggregation sections of the Al₂O₃ inclusions are distributed discretely along the rolling direction, with a spacing of 3–7 mm, a length of 6–7 mm, and a width of about 3 mm. The inclusion area part is 0.04%–0.16% with an average value of 0.08%, the inclusion number density is 40 mm?2 and the inclusion average spacing is 25.13 μm. The inclusion spacing is approximately 40–160 μm, with an average value of 68.76 μm in chain-like inclusion parts. The average area fraction and number density of inclusions in the non-defect region were reduced to about 0.002% and 1–2 mm?2, respectively, with the inclusion spacing of 400 μm and the size of Al₂O₃ being 1–3 μm.     

在酸性溶液中加压氧化三价砷离子和二价铁离子

The co-oxidation of As(III) and Fe(II) in acidic solutions by pressured oxygen was studied under an oxygen pressure between 0.5 and 2.0 MPa at a temperature of 150°C. It was confirmed that without Fe(II) ions, As(III) ions in the solutions are virtually non-oxidizable by pressured oxygen even at a temperature as high as 200°C and an oxygen pressure up to 2.0 MPa. Fe(II) ions in the solutions did have a catalysis effect on the oxidation of As(III), possibly attributable to the production of such strong oxidants as hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) and Fe(IV) in the oxidation process of Fe(II). The effects of such factors as the initial molar ratio of Fe(II)/As(III), initial pH value of the solution, oxygen pressure, and the addition of radical scavengers on the oxidation efficiencies of As(III) and Fe(II) were studied. It was found that the oxidation of As(III) was limited in the co-oxidation process due to the accumulation of the As(III) oxidation product, As(V), in the solutions.     

人工闪锌矿氧压酸浸过程中Cu2+的催化机理研究

The potential autoclave was used to study the catalytic mechanism of Cu2+ during the oxygen pressure leaching process of artificial sphalerite. By studying the potential change of the system at different temperatures and the SEM–EDS difference of the leaching residues, it was found that in the temperature range of 363–423 K, the internal Cu2+ formed a CuS deposit on the surface of sphalerite, which hindered the leaching reaction, resulting in a zinc leaching rate of only 51.04%. When the temperature exceeds 463 K, the system potential increases steadily. The increase in temperature leads to the dissolution of the CuS, which is beneficial to the circulation catalysis of Cu2+. At this time, the leaching rate of Zn exceeds 95%. In addition, the leaching kinetics equations at 363–423 and 423–483 K were established. The activation energy of zinc leaching at 363–423 and 423–483 K is 38.66 and 36.25 kJ/mol, respectively, and the leaching process is controlled by surface chemical reactions.     

超声振动辅助钨极惰性气体焊接异种金属 316L 和 L415

Ultrasonic vibration assisted tungsten inert gas welding was applied to joining stainless steel 316L and low alloy high strength steel L415. The effect of ultrasonic vibration on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a dissimilar metal welded joint of 316L and L415 was systematically investigated. The microstructures of both heat affected zones of L415 and weld metal were substantially refined, and the clusters of δ ferrite in traditional tungsten inert gas (TIG) weld were changed to a dispersive distribution via the ultrasonic vibration. The ultrasonic vibration promoted the uniform distribution of elements and decreased the micro-segregation tendency in the weld. With the application of ultrasonic vibration, the average tensile strength and elongation of the joint was improved from 613 to 650 MPa and from 16.15% to 31.54%, respectively. The content of Σ3 grain boundaries around the fusion line zone is higher and the distribution is more uniform in the ultrasonic vibration assisted welded joint compared with the traditional one, indicating an excellent weld metal crack resistance.     

活化天然矿石选择性还原二氧化碳为无定形碳

Natural magnetite formed by the isomorphism substitutions of transition metals, including Fe, Ti, Co, etc., was activated by mechanical grinding followed by H₂ reduction. The temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H₂-TPR) and temperature-programmed surface reaction of carbon dioxide (CO₂-TPSR) were carried out to investigate the processes of oxygen loss and CO₂ reduction. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the stability of spinel phases and oxygen-deficient degree significantly increased after natural magnetite was mechanically milled and reduced in H₂ atmosphere. Meanwhile, the activity and selectivity of CO₂ reduction into carbon were enhanced. The deposited carbon on the activated natural magnetite was confirmed as amorphous. The amount of carbon after CO₂ reduction at 300°C for 90 min over the activated natural magnetite was 2.87wt% higher than that over the natural magnetite.     

浅析航海过失和管货过失

《海牙规则》确立了海运承运人对航海过失造成的货损免责，航海过失可分为驾船过失和管船过失。但承运人对管货过失造成的货损应承担赔偿责任。区分航海过失，尤其是管船过失与管货过失，成为一项极其重要的任务。近百的来，有关于此的争议不同涌现，国际上要求废除航海过失免责的呼声日益高涨，《汉堡规则》虽废除了航海过失免责，但亦未被国际社会所接受。文章探讨了航海过失与管货过失的区分标准，并尝试建立一种新的承运人责任制度。     

对教师队伍建设的思考

文章分析了某院教师队伍的现状。针对教师队伍亟待解决的问题，探讨教师队伍的构建、编制、培养和管理的新模式。     

抽取频域关系的正确推导

主要介绍序列信号抽取频域关系的正确推导。首先从学生课堂自行推导抽取频域关系时易犯的普遍错误出发,找出其错误的原因,然后从模拟域和数字域两个方面分别来推导它们的正确关系。在模拟域里,对模拟信号进行抽样,从抽样的角度来分析;而在数字域里,则是直接对序列信号进行分析。模拟域和数字域的两种推导方法,采用相对较为简单的采样定理法和卷积法。最后对两种推导方法得到的结果进行对比,并验证其正确性。     

构建和谐的图书馆信息环境——谈图书馆员与读者的沟通

阐述了构建和谐的图书馆信息环境的必要性,指出要实现此目标就必须加强图书馆员与读者之间的沟通,并针对馆员与读者沟通的障碍,提出了建设性意见。     

由对诗人的重估到对新诗史的重构--从《诗刊》看五四以来的新诗传统在五、六十年代的命运

作为二十世纪五六十年代国内最权威的诗歌刊物《,诗刊》无疑代表了当时的文学潮流,并引领着文学的走向。研究自1957年1月到1965年停刊的《诗刊》,可以清晰地把握当时的诗坛动态和文学环境,不失为五六十年代中国文学的一份生动史料。本文着重考察的是《诗刊》如何以对“五四”以来新诗人的重估和对新诗史的重构,完成了新诗在五六十年代的历史叙述。     

论公路建设中的环境保护措施

从社会环境、生态环境、污染环境及工程地质与水文影响等方面,阐述了公路环境保护建设的必要性,针对公路建设各阶段的环境问题,提出了相应的环保措施及加强公路环境管理的建议。     

浅谈挂篮悬浇箱梁施工工艺

介绍了苏北灌溉总渠特大桥主桥的环境状况与自然条件，详述了挂篮悬浇箱梁的施工工艺。     

论我国贫富差距问题的原因及解决途径

我国贫富差距问题已成为国内外人士普遍关注的一个重大经济与社会问题。产生这一问题的原因主要是：分配制度和社会主义市场经济体制的不完善，社会发展和改革的成果被某些阶层占有，城乡二元社会结构的体制弊端等。因此，要完善分配制度和社会主义市场经济体制，使全社会共享社会发展和改革的成果，改变城乡二元社会结构，以缩小贫富差距。使社会更加和谐。     

论品牌战略在企业营销中的地位

品牌是20世纪信息文明时代的产物。在没有硝烟的商战中,文化从边缘走向中心,品牌成为企业竞争力的核心。中国是一个世界大国,经济发展水平相对落后,在今后的发展中,将如何在世界经济舞台上定位,在很大程度上取决于我们的民族工业发展水平,依赖于各行各业各地区对于品牌文化的重视程度。分析了中国企业品牌现状,提出了实施品牌战略、并处理好品牌的民族性与国际化品牌管理关系的措施。     

原始初民的困惑与西部创世神话之间的关系

远古神话起源的基本因素有哪些，本文试图从两个方面进行了分析阐述，即天地的形成和人类的起源这些人类迄今尚未解决的超级大问题是远古神话，包括西部神话在内的中外神话产生的源泉之一。在此基础上，文章还对我国西部众多民族在创世神话中相同相似的神话意向作了探讨。