Ras /MAPK / ERK 通过协同 NF- KB 促进肝癌细胞中 cyclinD1 的表达

摘要: 目的 探讨 Ras 癌基因在体内诱导肝肿瘤发生过程中促进 cyclin D1 表达的分子机制。方法 利用 H-ras12V 转基因雄鼠肝肿瘤组织、肿瘤周围组织以及非转基因雄鼠肝组织进行病理分析和总 RNA 及蛋白质的提取。应用 qRT-PCR 和 Western blot 方法检测 cyclin D1 的表达以及调控 cyclin D1 表达的相关信号通路激活状态。采用 miRNA 测序、生物信息学分析和 qRT-PCR 验证方法检测 miR-5102 基因的表达水平。结果 与非转基因雄鼠肝组 织和肿瘤周围组织相比,肿瘤组织中 cyclin D1 基因的 mRNA 和蛋白表达水平显著升高。与非转基因雄鼠肝组织 和肿瘤周围组织相比,在肿瘤组织中 MAPK 信号转导通路中的 ERK 信号分子的蛋白表达水平和磷酸化水平都显 著升高,在肿瘤组织中成高激活状态,NF-KB 信号通路中的抑制因子 IKB 蛋白水平显著降低。miR-5102 的表达水 平没有显著变化。结论 在 Ras 癌基因诱导的肝肿瘤发生过程中,主要通过激活 MAPK/ERK 和 NF-KB 信号通路促进 cyclin D1 的表达。     

Ras/MAPK/ERK通过协同NF-κB促进肝癌细胞中cyclinD1的表达

目的探讨Ras癌基因在体内诱导肝肿瘤发生过程中促进cyclin D1表达的分子机制。方法利用H-ras12V转基因雄鼠肝肿瘤组织、肿瘤周围组织以及非转基因雄鼠肝组织进行病理分析和总RNA及蛋白质的提取。应用qRT-PCR和Western blot方法检测cyclin D1的表达以及调控cyclin D1表达的相关信号通路激活状态。采用miRNA测序、生物信息学分析和qRT-PCR验证方法检测miR-5102基因的表达水平。结果与非转基因雄鼠肝组织和肿瘤周围组织相比,肿瘤组织中cyclin D1基因的mRNA和蛋白表达水平显著升高。与非转基因雄鼠肝组织和肿瘤周围组织相比,在肿瘤组织中MAPK信号转导通路中的ERK信号分子的蛋白表达水平和磷酸化水平都显著升高,在肿瘤组织中成高激活状态,NF-κB信号通路中的抑制因子IκB蛋白水平显著降低。miR-5102的表达水平没有显著变化。结论在Ras癌基因诱导的肝肿瘤发生过程中,主要通过激活MAPK/ERK和NF-κB信号通路促进cyclin D1的表达。     

5种细胞周期调控基因在小鼠生殖细胞发育过程中的表达研究

 以成熟(10周龄以上)的昆明种正常小鼠的精巢和卵巢为材料,利用地高辛标记的基因探针进行组织切片上的DNA-mRNA分子原位杂交,研究了PCNA,cdc2,cyclin D1,p2 1和 p16 5种细胞周期调控基因在生殖细胞发育过程中的表达.结果表明:PCNA基因在睾丸组织的精原细胞和精母细胞中有强杂交信号,而在雌性生殖细胞及滤泡细胞的发育过程都没有杂交信号;cyclin D1,cdc2,p2 1,p16基因在生殖细胞的发育过程中都没有,表明这些基因并没有参与小鼠生殖细胞的生长和分化调控.这些事实表明在生殖细胞发育过程中,控制细胞增殖和增殖抑制的基因与培养细胞有不同的机制,它们可能采用了不同的调控系统.     

Cyclin E分子siRNA慢病毒载体的构建及其对骨肉瘤细胞系sosp9607的影响

设计筛选针对人cyclin E分子的siRNA序列,构建相应的siRNA慢病毒载体,检测其对骨肉瘤细胞系Sosp9607胞内cyclin E分子表达水平的影响.首先设计并合成4对siRNA双链寡聚核苷酸,与cyclin E分子真核表达载体共同转染293T细胞.挑选出最有效抑制cyclin E表达的序列,应用基因工程技术,将该序列连接于慢病毒载体pLKO.1中,构建携带针对目的基因cyclin E的siRNA慢病毒载体pLKO-CE.使用慢病毒包装质粒混合物和构建好的慢病毒载体共转染293T细胞,收获病毒上清,感染Sosp9607细胞系,对病毒感染后抑制cyclinE表达的效果进行检测.结果在4条针对cyclin E分子设计的siRNA序列中,siRNA-464最为有效的抑制了外源性cyclin E分子的表达;带有该序列的慢病毒载体pLKO-CE可以完全抑制Sosp9607细胞中天然分子的表达,引起Sosp9607细胞生物学行为的改变:G1期细胞增多,S期减少,细胞增殖受抑制.说明应用基因工程技术成功构建了针对cyclin E分子的RNA干扰慢病毒载体,可有效抑制骨肉瘤细胞cyclin E的表达,使肿瘤细胞增殖减缓,为深入研究针对cyclin E的基因治疗方案的临床前实验研究提供了实验证据和理论依据.     

牛泡沫病毒转录激活因子Borf1影响细胞周期相关基因的表达

Borf1蛋白是牛泡沫病毒编码的转录激活因子,可影响其自身及病毒结构基因的表达.但目前对Borf1在宿主细胞周期上的作用还未见研究报道.通过建立人胚肾293稳定表达Borf1的细胞系来研究其对宿主细胞的影响表明,在细胞内稳定表达Borf1可显著引发细胞在G1/G0的阻滞,并且降低S期细胞的比例.用半定量RT-PCR分析发现,Borf1可在mRNA水平下调周期蛋白cyclin A2,cyclin B1和cyclin E的表达.蛋白水平检测进一步核实这一结果.因此,Borf1通过影响周期相关蛋白表达,在G2-M及G1-S限制位点上发挥作用,进而引发细胞G1期阻抑.     

C—myc及增殖细胞核抗原在小儿肝母细胞瘤中表达及其临床意义

目的：探讨C－myc和谱殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）在小儿肝母细胞瘤（HB）中表达的临床意义，方法：用免疫组化法检测22例小儿HB组织中C－myc和PCNA的表达，结果HB组织和正常肝组织中C－myc阳必一表达率分别为81．8％（18／22），和33．3％（3／9），PCNA在HB组织和正常肝组织中阳性表达率分别为68．2％（15／22）和阴性（0／9），HB组织中C－myc和PCNA阳性表达率显著高于还肝组织（P＜0．05），C－myc和PCNA阳性表达率与HB病理类型无明显相关性（P＞0．05），但与肿瘤临床分期呈正相关，临床分期愈晚期，C－myc和PCNA阳性率愈高，结论：C－myc和PCNA在HB中的表达与HB的发生，发展和预后密切相关，检测C－myc及PCNA对估计HB恶性程度，判断预后及指导治疗有重要意义。     

怀牛膝多糖结合游泳训练对肝再生大鼠骨髓增殖的影响

为了探讨牛膝多糖(Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides,ABPS)结合耐力训练对部分肝切除(Partial hepatectomy,PH)大鼠骨髓增殖的影响,对经过28d游泳训练(Swimming training,ST)、灌胃ABPS的大鼠行2/3部分肝切除手术,观察术后大鼠的运动能力和骨髓细胞的形态和增殖情况.结果表明,游泳训练能够明显延长正常大鼠的游泳运动致力竭时间(P0.01),降低骨髓细胞PCNA(Proliferating cell nuclear antigen)的表达.ABPS结合游泳训练能够明显延长PH大鼠的游泳致力竭时间(和PH+ST对比,P0.01),使骨髓增生程度更活跃,有核细胞数增多,红细胞数量减少,促进了骨髓细胞PCNA的表达(和PH相比,P0.01),使G2/M期和S期细胞均明显减少,G0/G1期增多(P0.05).提示牛膝多糖结合耐力训练增强了大鼠在肝脏部分切除手术后的运动能力,逆转了耐力训练对骨髓细胞增殖的抑制作用.     

芒果多酚对宫颈癌Hela细胞的抑制作用及机制

用芒果多酚处理人宫颈癌细胞(Hela)后,采用MTT法检测细胞的存活率;Hoechst 33258荧光染色和流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡、细胞周期分布,同时用Western blot检测p53,p21,c-myc,cyclin D1蛋白质水平变化.结果显示：0.025,0.05, 0.1,0.2,0.4 mg/mL的芒果多酚溶液能明显抑制Hela细胞的增殖,并呈剂量和时间依赖性;荧光染色后,大多数细胞内可以看见浓密的荧光颗粒,并出现核收缩;流式细胞术分析发现,与未处理组比较,芒果多酚作用后的G1期Hela细胞数显著增多,G2期细胞数逐渐减少;凋亡率明显高于对照组;Western blot检测显示芒果多酚上调p53,p21蛋白水平,下调c-myc,cyclin D1蛋白水平. 以上结果表明芒果多酚能明显抑制人宫颈癌Hela细胞的增殖,诱导其凋亡.     

乙型肝炎患者血清肝纤维化指标与肝穿活检病理分期(S)相关性分析

寻找肝纤维化敏感可靠的血清学指标,分析血清肝纤四项浓度与肝脏不同程度纤维化病理分期的对应关系。回顾性分析78例慢性乙型肝炎肝穿刺病理活检病例结果及血清肝纤四项指标:透明质酸(HA)、Ⅲ型前胶原肽(PCⅢ)、Ⅳ型胶原(Ⅳ-C)、层黏连蛋白(LN)的水平。将肝纤四项与肝组织纤维化病理分期进行对照分析。HA、PCⅢ、Ⅳ-C、LN与肝组织纤维化病理分期的相关系数(r)分别为0.665(P0、01)、0.387(P0.05)、0.488(P0.05)、0.412(P0.05)。四个指标水平均随着肝组织纤维化程度的加重呈上升趋势且HA的S3、S4期水平与S1期、S4期水平与S1、S2、S3期比较差异有统计学差异(P0.05),PCⅢ的S3、S4期水平与S1期比较差异有统计学差异(P0.05)。以S0~S2为轻度纤维化,S3~S4为明显纤维化,通过ROC曲线分析HA、PCⅢ、Ⅳ-C、LN的曲线下面积分别为0.855、0.736、0.779、0.642。敏感度:LNⅣ-CPCⅢHA;特异性:HAPCⅢLNⅣ-C。肝纤四项与慢性乙型肝炎肝组织纤维化程度呈正相关性对肝组织明显纤维化时(S3、S4),临床诊断价值较大,其中LN最敏感,HA特意性最高。     

Identity of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen and cyclin

Studies of growth regulation and cellular transformation will be assisted by the identification of proteins that are preferentially synthesized in dividing cells. The 'proliferating cell nuclear antigen' ( PCNA ), distinguished by its apparent association with cell division, is defined by reaction with an antibody found in the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This antibody reacts with proliferating cells including tumour cells but gives weak or undetectable immunofluorescence with resting cells of normal tissues. Peripheral blood lymphocytes are devoid of PCNA until activated by mitogen in vitro. In synchronized cultures its level and distribution fluctuate through the cell cycle, with a striking accumulation in the nucleolus late in the G1 phase and early in the S phase. Many of these properties are shared by ' cyclin '. This nuclear protein, identified by its position in a two-dimensional separation of cell proteins, is also transformation-sensitive and is preferentially synthesized in the S phase. We establish here that PCNA and cyclin are identical, and show that PCNA is an acidic nuclear protein of apparent molecular weight 35,000.     

Cyclin/PCNA is the auxiliary protein of DNA polymerase-delta

Identification of the cellular proteins whose expression is regulated during the cell cycle in normal cells is essential for understanding the mechanisms involved in the control of cell proliferation. A nuclear protein called cyclin of relative molecular mass 36,000 (Mr 36K), whose synthesis correlates with the proliferative state of the cell, has been identified in several cell types of human, mouse, hamster and avian origin. The rate of cyclin synthesis is very low in quiescent cells and increases several fold after serum stimulation shortly before DNA synthesis. Immunofluorescence and autoradiography studies have shown that the nuclear staining patterns of cyclin during S phase have a sequential order of appearance and a clear correlation can be found between DNA synthesis and cyclin positive nuclei. The proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and cyclin have many common properties and it has been shown that these two are identical. Recently a protein which is required by DNA polymerase-delta for its catalytic activity with templates having low primer/template ratios has been isolated from calf thymus. We report here that cyclin and the auxiliary protein of DNA polymerase-delta are identical.     

硅中硫族杂质中性多原子集团的电子结构

本文在紧束缚近似下,利用Koster-Slater格林函数方法,研究了硅中代位式三原子集团D_3~0(S_3~0,Se_3~0,Te_3~0)和四原子集团D_4~0(S_4~0,Se_4~0,Te_4~0)的电子结构。给出了D_3~0和三种不同对称位形(C_(3e),C_(2h)和C_1)下D_4~0杂质能级计算结果。还预言了一些杂质态在缺陷集团处的波函数。随着杂质中心上原子数目的增加,施主束缚能变浅。看来,实验观测到的与硫族中心有关的待定施主能级不是非最近邻原子构成的集团所产生的。     

Polo-like kinase 1 phosphorylates cyclin B1 and targets it to the nucleus during prophase

In vertebrate cells, the nuclear entry of Cdc2-cyclin B1 (MPF) during prophase is thought to be essential for the induction and coordination of M-phase events. Phosphorylation of cyclin B1 is central to its nuclear translocation, but the kinases that are responsible remain unknown. Here we have purified a protein kinase from Xenopus M-phase extracts that phosphorylates a crucial serine residue (S147) in the middle of the nuclear export signal sequence of cyclin B1. We have identified this kinase as Plx1 (ref. 16), a Xenopus homologue of Polo-like kinase (Plk)-1. During cell-cycle progression in HeLa cells, a change in the kinase activity of endogenous Plk1 toward S147 and/or S133 correlates with a kinase activity in the cell extracts. An anti-Plk1 antibody depletes the M-phase extracts of the kinase activity toward S147 and/or S133. An anti-phospho-S147 antibody reacts specifically with cyclin B1 only during G2/M phase. A mutant cyclin B1 in which S133 and S147 are replaced by alanines remains in the cytoplasm, whereas wild-type cyclin B1 accumulates in the nucleus during prophase. Co-expression of constitutively active Plk1 stimulates nuclear entry of cyclin B1. Our results indicate that Plk1 may be involved in targeting MPF to the nucleus during prophase.     

Functional identity of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and a DNA polymerase-delta auxiliary protein

The mechanism of replication of the simian virus 40 (SV40) genome closely resembles that of cellular chromosomes, thereby providing an excellent model system for examining the enzymatic requirements for DNA replication. Only one viral gene product, the large tumour antigen (large-T antigen), is required for viral replication, so the majority of replication enzymes must be cellular. Indeed, a number of enzymatic activities associated with replication and the S phase of the cell cycle are induced upon SV40 infection. Cell-free extracts derived from human cells, when supplemented with immunopurified SV40 large-T antigen support efficient replication of plasmids that contain the SV40 origin of DNA replication. Using this system, a cellular protein of relative molecular mass 36,000 (Mr = 36K) that is required for the elongation stage of SV40 DNA replication in vitro has been purified and identified as a known cell-cycle regulated protein, alternatively called the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) or cyclin. It was noticed that, in its physical characteristics, PCNA closely resembles a protein that regulates the activity of calf thymus DNA polymerase-delta. Here we show that PCNA and the polymerase-delta auxiliary protein have similar electrophoretic behaviour and are both recognized by anti-PCNA human autoantibodies. More importantly, both proteins are functionally equivalent; they stimulate SV40 DNA replication in vitro and increase the processivity of calf thymus DNA polymerase-delta. These results implicate a novel animal cell DNA polymerase, DNA polymerase-delta, in the elongation stage of replicative DNA synthesis in vitro.     

关于联立Pell方程组x2-4D1y2=1和y2-D2z2=1

设D1是正整数。本文证明了如果4D1=r^2-1,其中r是正整数,则至多有1个奇D2数D2可使联立Pell方程组x^2-4D1y^2=1和y^2-D^2z^2=1有正整数解。     

用抽取法改善二维谱估计的分辨率和降低运算工作量

本文论述白色噪声淹没下有限个二维正弦信号的谱估计问题。导出了自回归(AR)予测误差滤波器法的谱估计封闭公式,同时也导出了BARTLETT窗周期图及最大似然比谱估计的封闭公式,这些公式在研究分辨频率很接近的正弦信号方面是很有用的。在一个窄频域上,直接抽取可以用来改善分辨率同时降低运算量,仿真实验结果证明:在一个(N_1,N_2)的支持上,作(D_1,D_2)的抽取,其结果和未经抽取但支持扩大为(D_1N_1,D_2N_2)所得结果具有几乎相等的分辨率。采用抽取也能显著地降低运算量。     

解常系数线性微分方程组及化矩阵为Jordan型的一种方法

本文应用线性代数和微分方程的有关知识,给出一个计算n×n阶常数矩阵A的特征多项式和化A为Jordan型的方法,同时给出与A相应的常系数线性微分方程组的基本解矩阵和特解。此算法简明并具有所需乘、除法次数较小的明显特点。