基于细胞神经网的快速图像分割方法

细胞神经网(CNN)是一种局部互联的非线性并行模拟视觉处理系统,具有适合硬件实现处理速度快的优点.首先利用CNN-PDE非线性异质扩散滤波对图像作预处理,随后给出了一种基于CNN的图像分割方法.分割试验结果及仿真时间估计表明,CNN分割方法能以非常快的速度完成相应处理,是高效可行的.     

三端口四态变量CNN的局部活动性理论

细胞神经网络(CNN)的局部活动性理论为研究由同质介体构成的复杂系统动力学行为的突现和转化提供了有力工具.本文介绍了CNN的局部活动性原理;建立了确定具有3个端口和4个态变量CNN的局部活动性的一组定理;为绘制相应CNN的分歧图和研究在免疫监视下的细胞组织生长等生命现象提供了解析工具.     

大蒜提取液抑制人结肠癌细胞SW480和SW620的增殖和扩散

研究了天然大蒜提取液对人结肠癌细胞SW480和SW620的扩散、粘附和增殖的影响. 结果表明：将SW480和SW620加入1μL/孔大蒜提取液的DMEM中，癌细胞扩散率降低了４０％；培养96h，增殖率分别降低8.6倍和10.8倍.表明大蒜提取液能抑制人结肠癌细胞SW480和SW620的增殖和扩散.     

小细胞肺癌扩散与基因缺失相关

从一个癌细胞数以百计的基因突变中,找出导致癌细胞扩散的最主要基因是癌症生物学研究者面临的一个主要难题。据美国物理学家组织网2011年7月19日报道,日前麻省理工学院的科学家利用全基因组分析技术,发现了导致小细胞肺癌扩散的新基因。     

人工细胞神经网络(CNN)的硬件实现

本文主要研究用集成运放实现人工细胞神经网络(CNN)的问题,改进了由L.O.Chua(蔡少棠)提出的单细胞人工CNN电路。从巳实现的4×4CNN电路及CNN连通片检测电路看,其性能达到了预期要求。     

新型免疫疗法治愈晚期乳腺癌

正一项于2018年6月4日发表在Nature Medicine上的研究显示,一名女性乳腺癌患者在使用了一种开创性的免疫疗法后,成功清除了本已扩散的癌细胞。这是世上首个使用免疫疗法治愈晚期乳腺癌的案例。患者名叫Judy Perkins,是一名来自美国佛罗里达州的工程师,今年49岁。在经历过数次常规化疗失败后,体内的癌细胞已经从右胸扩散至肝脏部位,预期存活时间只有3年。在该新型免疫疗法中,医生首先对Perkins的癌变     

英合成有助控制癌症扩散的分子

[新华社]英国研究人员最近合成一种可以干扰细胞之间通信的分子，有望用于控制癌细胞扩散和细菌感染。     

癌细胞和正常细胞熵产生的对比分析及在癌症治疗中的作用

依据非平衡热力学,对细胞内的熵产生率进行了计算,并对癌细胞和正常细胞的熵产生进行了对比分析,证明了在通常条件和无外场作用情况下,癌细胞的熵产生率高于正常细胞.但在电场和超声场作用下有可能使正常细胞获得较高的熵产生,因而发生熵流方向的倒转.考虑到信息量是熵在高维相空间中向低维子空间的投影,熵流方向倒转将避免癌细胞的有害信息向周围正常组织的扩散.提出利用方波脉冲电场和低频低强度超声场于癌症理疗的可能性.     

癌细胞和正常细胞熵产生的对比分析及在癌症治疗中的应用

依据非平衡热力学,对细胞内的熵产生率进行了计算,并对癌细胞和正常细胞的熵产生进行了对比分析,证明了在通常条件和无外场作用情况下,癌细胞的熵产生率高于正常细胞.但在电场和超声场作用下有可能使正常细胞获得较高的熵产生,因而发生熵流方向的倒转.考虑到信息量是熵在高维相空间中向低维子空间的投影,熵流方向倒转将避免癌细胞的有害信息向周围正常组织的扩散.提出利用方波脉冲电场和低频低强度超声场于癌症理疗的可能性.     

基于T-S模糊模型的CNN混沌同步控制研究

研究了四元细胞神经网络(CNN)混沌系统的T-S模糊模型建立问题,用李雅谱诺夫法构建CNN混沌系统的同步控制器,并用遗传算法对控制参数进行优化,达到比较理想的同步效果.     

基于主动轮廓技术的植物叶图像提取方法

叶是植物的重要特征信息,叶片图像提取是植物器官建模和生鲜植物识别的关键步骤。在植物自动识别和叶建模领域具有重要价值。笔者提出了一种基于主动轮廓技术和细胞神经网络的叶图像提取方法,实践表明基于细胞神经网络的可变模板技术实现了对植物叶片轮廓的灵活控制,同时结合了隐含模型和参数模型的特征,提高了提取的精度和鲁棒性。提取结果表明,采用该算法可以有效提取叶脉络。     

CD69 acts downstream of interferon-alpha/beta to inhibit S1P1 and lymphocyte egress from lymphoid organs

Naive lymphocytes continually enter and exit lymphoid organs in a recirculation process that is essential for immune surveillance. During immune responses, the egress process can be shut down transiently. When this occurs locally it increases lymphocyte numbers in the responding lymphoid organ; when it occurs systemically it can lead to immunosuppression as a result of the depletion of recirculating lymphocytes. Several mediators of the innate immune system are known to cause shutdown, including interferon alpha/beta (IFN-alpha/beta) and tumour necrosis factor, but the mechanism has been unclear. Here we show that treatment with the IFN-alpha/beta inducer polyinosine polycytidylic acid (hereafter 'poly(I:C)') inhibited egress by a mechanism that was partly lymphocyte-intrinsic. The transmembrane C-type lectin CD69 was rapidly induced and CD69-/- cells were poorly retained in lymphoid tissues after treatment with poly(I:C) or infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. Lymphocyte egress requires sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor-1 (S1P1), and IFN-alpha/beta was found to inhibit lymphocyte responsiveness to S1P. By contrast, CD69-/- cells retained S1P1 function after exposure to IFN-alpha/beta. In coexpression experiments, CD69 inhibited S1P1 chemotactic function and led to downmodulation of S1P1. In a reporter assay, S1P1 crosslinking led to co-crosslinking and activation of a CD69-CD3zeta chimaera. CD69 co-immunoprecipitated with S1P1 but not the related receptor, S1P3. These observations indicate that CD69 forms a complex with and negatively regulates S1P1 and that it functions downstream of IFN-alpha/beta, and possibly other activating stimuli, to promote lymphocyte retention in lymphoid organs.     

Senescence surveillance of pre-malignant hepatocytes limits liver cancer development

Upon the aberrant activation of oncogenes, normal cells can enter the cellular senescence program, a state of stable cell-cycle arrest, which represents an important barrier against tumour development in vivo. Senescent cells communicate with their environment by secreting various cytokines and growth factors, and it was reported that this 'secretory phenotype' can have pro- as well as anti-tumorigenic effects. Here we show that oncogene-induced senescence occurs in otherwise normal murine hepatocytes in vivo. Pre-malignant senescent hepatocytes secrete chemo- and cytokines and are subject to immune-mediated clearance (designated as 'senescence surveillance'), which depends on an intact CD4(+) T-cell-mediated adaptive immune response. Impaired immune surveillance of pre-malignant senescent hepatocytes results in the development of murine hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), thus showing that senescence surveillance is important for tumour suppression in vivo. In accordance with these observations, ras-specific Th1 lymphocytes could be detected in mice, in which oncogene-induced senescence had been triggered by hepatic expression of Nras(G12V). We also found that CD4(+) T cells require monocytes/macrophages to execute the clearance of senescent hepatocytes. Our study indicates that senescence surveillance represents an important extrinsic component of the senescence anti-tumour barrier, and illustrates how the cellular senescence program is involved in tumour immune surveillance by mounting specific immune responses against antigens expressed in pre-malignant senescent cells.     

Video Based Fire Detection Systems on Forest and Wildland Using Convolutional Neural Network

The devastating effects of wildland fire are an unsolved problem, resulting in human losses and the destruction of natural and economic resources. Convolutional neural network(CNN) is shown to perform very well in the area of object classification. This network has the ability to perform feature extraction and classification within the same architecture. In this paper, we propose a CNN for identifying fire in videos. A deep domain based method for video fire detection is proposed to extract a powerful feature representation of fire. Testing on real video sequences, the proposed approach achieves better classification performance as some of relevant conventional video based fire detection methods and indicates that using CNN to detect fire in videos is efficient. To balance the efficiency and accuracy, the model is fine-tuned considering the nature of the target problem and fire data. Experimental results on benchmark fire datasets reveal the effectiveness of the proposed framework and validate its suitability for fire detection in closed-circuit television surveillance systems compared to state-of-the-art methods.     

Analytical Criteria for Local Activity of CNN with Two Ports and Application to Smoothed Chua's Circuit

Presents analytic criteria for the local activity theory in two-port cellular neural network (CNN) cells with four local state variables, and gives the application to a smoothed Chua's circuit (SCC) CNN with two-port and 15×15 arrays. The bifurcation diagrams of the SCC CNN show that they are completely the same as those of an SCC CNN with one-port calculated earlier;which do not exist locally passive domain. The evolution of the patterns of the state variables of the SCC CNN is stimulated. Oscillatory patterns, chaotic patterns, or divergent patterns may emerge if the selected cell parameters are located in the locally active unstable domains but nearby the edge of chaos domain.     

IL-23 promotes tumour incidence and growth

Chronic inflammation has long been associated with increased incidence of malignancy and similarities in the regulatory mechanisms have been suggested for more than a century. Infiltration of innate immune cells, elevated activities of matrix metalloproteases and increased angiogenesis and vasculature density are a few examples of the similarities between chronic and tumour-associated inflammation. Conversely, the elimination of early malignant lesions by immune surveillance, which relies on the cytotoxic activity of tumour-infiltrating T cells or intra-epithelial lymphocytes, is thought to be rate-limiting for the risk to develop cancer. Here we show a molecular connection between the rise in tumour-associated inflammation and a lack of tumour immune surveillance. Expression of the heterodimeric cytokine interleukin (IL)-23, but not of its close relative IL-12, is increased in human tumours. Expression of these cytokines antagonistically regulates local inflammatory responses in the tumour microenvironment and infiltration of intra-epithelial lymphocytes. Whereas IL-12 promotes infiltration of cytotoxic T cells, IL-23 promotes inflammatory responses such as upregulation of the matrix metalloprotease MMP9, and increases angiogenesis but reduces CD8 T-cell infiltration. Genetic deletion or antibody-mediated elimination of IL-23 leads to increased infiltration of cytotoxic T cells into the transformed tissue, rendering a protective effect against chemically induced carcinogenesis. Finally, transplanted tumours are growth-restricted in hosts depleted for IL-23 or in IL-23-receptor-deficient mice. Although many strategies for immune therapy of cancer attempt to stimulate an immune response against solid tumours, infiltration of effector cells into the tumour tissue often appears to be a critical hurdle. We show that IL-23 is an important molecular link between tumour-promoting pro-inflammatory processes and the failure of the adaptive immune surveillance to infiltrate tumours.     

Roles of tumour localization, second signals and cross priming in cytotoxic T-cell induction.

The vertebrate immune system has evolved to protect against infections that threaten survival before reproduction. Clinically manifest tumours mostly arise after the reproductive years and somatic mutations allow even otherwise antigenic tumours to evade the attention of the immune system. Moreover, the lack of immunological co-stimulatory molecules on solid tumours could result in T-cell tolerance; that is, the failure of T cells to respond. However, this may not generally apply. Here we report several important findings regarding the immune response to tumours, on the basis of studies of several tumour types. First, tumour-specific induction of protective cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) depends on sufficient tumour cells reaching secondary lymphatic organs early and for a long enough duration. Second, diffusely invading systemic tumours delete CTLs. Third, tumours that stay strictly outside secondary lymphatic organs, or that are within these organs but separated from T cells by barriers, are ignored by T cells but do not delete them. Fourth, co-stimulatory molecules on tumour cells do not influence CTL priming but enhance primed CTL responses in peripheral solid tumours. Last, cross priming of CTLs by tumour antigens, mediated by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules of antigen-presenting host cells, is inefficient and not protective. These rules of T-cell induction and maintenance not only change previous views but also rationales for anti-tumour immunotherapy.     

基于生物免疫系统克隆选择机理和免疫网络理论的免疫算法

提出一种基于生物免疫系统克隆选择机理和免疫网络理论的免疫算法.该算法通过抗体的克隆选择和变异过程,完成对入侵抗原的清除,实现免疫防御的功能;利用免疫网络调节的思想选择抗体记忆细胞,完成知识的学习和积累,实现免疫自稳的功能;利用所建立的抗体记忆矩阵实现对类似入侵抗原的快速应答,行使免疫监视识别功能.该算法利用生物变异机制实现抗体的自适应调节,使系统具有自适应、自学习能力.在加热炉状态识别的应用研究表明,本文所提出的算法在解决数据识别方面具有较好的效果.     

核桃楸树皮提取物抗肿瘤及免疫调节作用的研究

研究核桃楸树皮提取物(HT)的抗肿瘤及免疫调节作用.建立荷瘤小鼠模型,检测HT抑瘤率及对免疫器官、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能、T淋巴细胞增殖、血清IL-2、TNF-α水平以及机体免疫功能的影响;建立小鼠免疫功能低下模型,检测HT对外周血细胞的影响.实验表明HT具有明显的抑瘤作用,高剂量组抑瘤率达54.6%,可显著提高荷瘤小鼠胸腺及脾脏系数、巨噬细胞吞噬功能、T淋巴细胞增殖I、L-2及TNF-α的表达以及延长游泳及耐缺氧时间,并能升高免疫抑制小鼠的白细胞(p<0.050~0.001).HT可有效抑制肿瘤增殖并调节机体的免疫功能.     

协同共刺激分子B7-H4与消化道肿瘤关系研究进展

协同刺激分子B7-H4是B7家族重要的负性刺激分子,B7-H4通过抑制T细胞增殖、调控细胞周期对T细胞免疫应答进行负性调控,使肿瘤细胞逃避机体的免疫监视,促进肿瘤生长,B7-H4的异常表达与许多恶性肿瘤密切相关.阐述了免疫共刺激分子B7-H4的结构、免疫调节功能及其与消化道恶性肿瘤的关系.