六溴环十二烷胁迫下红树蚬荧光定量PCR内参基因稳定性分析

【目的】筛选出不同浓度六溴环十二烷(HBCD)胁迫下红树蚬(Polymesoda erosa)实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)的最适内参基因,用以准确校准目的基因的表达,为进一步开展分子毒理研究和开发分子生物标志物奠定基础。【方法】通过荧光定量PCR技术监测候选内参18S核糖体RNA(18S rRNA)、β-肌动蛋白(β-actin)、甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶(GAPDH)、α-微管蛋白(α-tubulin)等管家基因,在红树蚬各组织受不同浓度(0μg/L、0.86μg/L、8.6μg/L)六溴环十二烷(HBCD)胁迫后的表达量,利用qRT-PCR及geNorm、NormFinder、BestKeeper等分析软件对不同条件下的表达数据进行处理,从而筛选出适合荧光定量PCR的最佳内参基因。【结果】受不同浓度HBCD胁迫后,鳃及肝胰中各管家基因的表达稳定性排序整体为β-actin=α-tubulinGAPDH18S rRNA。【结论】可单独或共同使用两个内参基因(β-actin、α-tubulin)校准荧光定量结果。     

18S rRNA作为植物实时荧光定量PCR内参基因的探究

实时荧光定量PCR(real time fluorescence quantitative PCR,qRT-PCR)已广泛用于基因表达分析,而内参基因的选择对qRT-PCR定量分析的数据校正起关键作用.以18S rRNA作为小麦、苜蓿和杜鹃qRT-PCR的内参基因,探究其表达丰度是否适合作为这3种植物的内参基因.结果表明18S rRNA在这3种植物中的表达丰度均过高,Ct值均小于15,影响目的基因定量的准确性.因此,在目的基因的表达量低时,18S rRNA不宜作为这3种植物的内参基因.     

鸭β-actin基因实时荧光定量PCR方法的建立

根据GenBank中鸭β-actin基因的序列,在保守区域设计并合成一对引物,采用SYBR G reen I染料建立了荧光定量PCR法(real-tim e PCR).以PCR产物建立标准曲线,C t值线性范围为12.2~35.1,相关系数为0.996;熔解曲线分析显示产物为单特异峰,Tm为86.5±0℃.本实验建立的鸭β-actin基因实时荧光定量PCR法扩增效率高、线性范围广、检测周期短,为β-actin基因作为内参基因进行鸭功能基因与病原基因表达的定量分析奠定了基础.     

中华鳖实时定量PCR内参基因的筛选与评价

选择合适的内参基因是采用q-PCR方法研究基因表达的前提.选取中华鳖GAPDH、EF1α、18SrRNA、Tubulin和β-actin等5个候选内参基因,通过q-PCR方法得到各基因在不同组织中的Ct值,利用4种内参筛选软件和综合评定法进行评价.geNorm和NormFinder软件分析均显示18SrRNAEF1αβ-actinGAPDHTubulin(稳定性由高到低).BestKeeper软件分析显示18SrRNAGAPDHEF1αβ-actinTubulin.RefFinder软件分析和综合评价法显示18SrRNA最佳.推荐优先使用18SrRNA或EF1α,不建议用β-actin和Tubulin.上述结果可为中华鳖和其它爬行动物的基因表达研究提供参考依据.     

青海茄参不同部位内参基因表达稳定性分析

为探究青海茄参不同部位稳定表达的内参基因,本研究以青海茄参根、茎、成熟果实及成熟叶片为试验材料,选取6个内参基因(Actin7-NT、18S rRNA、TUA、ELF4、ELF6和GAPCP2),采用实时荧光定量qRT-PCR技术,并利用geNorm、NormFinder、BestKeeper、ΔCt及RefFinder 5种方法分析候选内参基因的表达稳定性,筛选青海茄参中稳定性最佳的内参基因。结果表明：18S rRNA为青海茄参根及成熟叶片中最佳稳定内参基因,ELF4为青海茄参茎及成熟果实中最稳定的内参基因。综合分析结果为青海茄参不同组织中表达最稳定的内参基因是Actin7-NT,该结果可为后续挖掘青海茄参相关基因及代谢、蛋白等功能分析提供理论依据。     

盐胁迫下蚕豆不同组织实时荧光定量PCR内参基因的筛选

为筛选出蚕豆盐胁迫下不同组织中表达稳定的内参基因,本研究以不同浓度氯化钠胁迫下的蚕豆叶片、茎、根为材料,利用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测ELF1A、ACT2、GAPA、18S rRNA、TUA和CYP2六个候选内参基因的表达情况;通过Ct值分析、及GeNorm、NormFinder、BestKeeper软件综合分析候选内参基因表达稳定性。结果表明:在不同浓度氯化钠处理下,蚕豆叶片中候选内参基因表达稳定性由高到低排序为ACT218S rRNACYP2ELF1AGAPATUA;蚕豆茎中候选内参基因表达稳定性由高到低排序为CYP2ACT2ELF1AGAPA18S rRNATUA;蚕豆根中候选内参基因表达稳定性由高到低排序为CYP2ELF1A18S rRNAACT2TUAGAPA。本研究确定的蚕豆在盐胁迫下不同组织中适宜的内参基因,可为后续研究与盐胁迫相关功能基因提供理论依据。     

多氯联苯胁迫下红树蚬荧光定量PCR内参基因的筛选

【目的】筛选出多氯联苯(PCBs)胁迫下红树蚬(Polymesoda erosa)的实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)最适内参基因,为进一步开展分子毒理学研究奠定基础。【方法】以β?actin、18S rRNA、GAPDH和#?tubulin为候选内参基因,qRT-PCR测定PCBs胁迫下4个候选内参基因在红树蚬外套膜、鳃、闭壳肌和肝胰腺组织中的表达水平,应用geNorm、NormFinder和BestKeeper软件分析其表达稳定性。【结果】geNorm软件分析表明β?actin表达最稳定;NormFinder软件分析发现,外套膜、鳃和肝胰腺组织中β?actin的稳定性最好,闭壳肌组织中β?actin(0.454)表达稳定性略微低于#?tubulin(0.425),排第2位;BestKeeper软件分析表明,外套膜和鳃组织中β?actin最稳定,肝胰腺和闭壳肌组织中GAPDH最稳定,β?actin排位第2位。【结论】筛选β?actin为红树蚬在PCBs胁迫下的qRT-PCR最适内参基因。     

疣粒野生稻抗白叶枯病相关基因ME196半定量RT-PCR分析

以从疣粒野生稻受白叶枯病菌诱导所建的差减文库中筛选出的一个具有丝氨酸一苏氨酸激酶抗病结构域的基因（克隆号为ME-196）,用半定量RT-PCR法,以肌动蛋白（β-actin）基因为内参,研究疣粒野生稻抗白叶枯病相关基因ME196基因mRNA的表达水平。通过ME196基因与β-actin基因PCR产物的灰度之比,确定ME196为诱导性表达,并进一步推测其为疣粒野生稻抗白叶枯病相关基因,甚至为抗病基因。     

茭白低温胁迫下内参基因筛选和相关基因表达分析

为探究低温胁迫下茭白的最适内参基因，分别以低温(4℃)胁迫0,3,6,12,24,48,96 h的茭白叶片为材料，通过qRT-PCR技术和geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, ReFinder软件分析8个候选内参基因ACT,H2B,UBQ,GAPDH,β-actin,60s,SKIP,AQP的表达稳定性；并利用筛选出的最适内参基因组合β-actin,H2B和ACT对响应低温胁迫相关基因的表达水平进行分析.结果表明：在低温胁迫中CDPK的表达量在前期上调，随后下调；DREB/CBF的表达量也有上调，但总体呈现波动变化；ICE1和WRKY的表达量先显著上调，在24 h达到较高水平，后期表达量下降.结果显示，这些基因在茭白中可能以不同的方式响应低温胁迫，为后续茭白低温响应分子机制的研究奠定了基础.     

中国鲎β-actin基因的克隆与组织表达

中国鲎(Tachypleus tridentatus)是一种古老的海洋动物.利用RT-PCR和RACE等分子生物学技术,获得中国鲎β-肌动蛋白基因(中国鲎β-actin,简称为TTBA)全长cDNA序列,总共1 515bp,包括70bp 5′非编码区(untranslated regions,UTR)、314bp 3′UTR和一个1 131bp的开放阅读框(open reading frame,ORF).ORF可编码376个氨基酸残基,总分子质量约为41 807.7u.同源蛋白的序列比较结果显示,TTBA推导氨基酸序列与其他物种具有很高的相似性,推测β-actin基因具有很高的遗传保守性.而基于β-actin蛋白序列比对而绘制的系统进化树显示中国鲎与其他节肢动物具有较高的相似性,此结果与其现行的分类地位基本一致.以Real-time RT-PCR法检测表明,在卵子发生各期的卵巢组织中TTBA表达量保持稳定(p>0.05),可作为定量检测的内参基因.     

拟穴青蟹β-肌动蛋白基因的克隆与分析

β-肌动蛋白广泛存在于真核生物中,在维持细胞结构、细胞运动和细胞分裂等生理活动中发挥着重要作用.运用RACE技术克隆了拟穴青蟹(Scylla paramamosain)β-肌动蛋白基因,并用RT-PCR方法检测该基因在成体各组织中的表达情况.拟穴青蟹β-肌动蛋白cDNA全长1 337 bp,5′端非编码区为67 bp,3′端非编码区为139 bp,开放阅读框1 131 bp编码376个氨基酸.拟穴青蟹β-肌动蛋白与其他节肢动物β-肌动蛋白氨基酸序列的相似性高达98％～99％.系统进化树显示拟穴青蟹β-肌动蛋白基因的分子进化地位与其生物学分类地位一致.半定量RT-PCR分析结果表明,β-肌动蛋白基因在拟穴青蟹视神经节、脑神经节、胸神经节、性腺、鳃、心、胃、肌肉、肝胰腺共9个组织器官中的表达基本一致,具有良好的稳定性.     

养殖条件下闽-粤东族大黄鱼不同群体形态特征的比较研究

对福建省官井洋海区网箱养殖的闽-粤东族大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea(R icharson))养殖选育系、野生选育系、普通养殖系(对照组)、雌核发育系、家系1(养殖雄×养殖雌)、家系2(子一代雄×子一代雌)和家系3(养殖雄×子一代雌)等7个不同群体的样品进行了20项形态性状的测定,并应用数理统计学方法对其形态特征的差异性进行比较.结果表明,上述7个大黄鱼不同群体间的计数性状部分达到显著性差异,而量度性状均达到显著性差异水平.雌核发育系的体型与野生大黄鱼较为接近.     

产微球茎菌琼胶酶基因的克隆及生物信息学分析

以琼脂为唯一碳源的培养基分离出一株产琼胶酶的海洋菌株AG1,16S rRNA基因序列分析显示,该菌株为产微球茎菌（Microbulbifer sp.）。以菌株AG1的基因组为模板,使用琼胶酶特异性引物进行PCR扩增,将扩增产物克隆至pMD18-T载体后进行测序。结果显示,克隆基因的大小为1302 bp,预测编码含有433个氨基酸残基的蛋白质。对该蛋白质进行生物信息学分析,结果表明,该蛋白质序列与来自耐热微泡菌（Microbulbifer thermotolerans）的琼胶酶氨基酸序列相似性为100%,预测本研究克隆的基因编码琼胶酶。该琼胶酶的理论分子质量大小为48.2 ku,理论等电点为5.42。采用同源建模法建立Microbulbifer sp.AG1琼胶酶的三维结构,富含β-折叠。     

莴苣黄化病植原体的分子鉴定

为了明确新疆莴苣黄花病植原体的分类地位,采用巢式PCR和PCR技术对表现黄化症状的莴苣植株分别利用植原体16S rRNA基因和tuf基因通用引物P1／P7、R16F2n／R16R2和fTufu／rTufu进行扩增,得到大小约1．2kb和0．8kb的特异性片段,对所得片段克隆、测序和序列分析。结果表明：它们分别和榆树黄化组（Elm yellows group）成员的16S rRNA基因、tuf基因同源性最高,分别高于98．6％和92．4％。基于16S rRNA基因和tuf基因的系统进化树分析显示,其均与植原体16Sr V组成员位于同一分支上。对16S rRNA基因的iPhyClassifier分析结果表明,其与榆树黄化组B亚组（16Sr V—B）代表株系JWB（AY197661）具有相同的酶切图谱。所有结果表明莴苣黄化病植原体（LSY）属于榆树黄化组B亚组（16Sr V-B）。     

Suitable internal control genes for qRT-PCR normalization in cotton fiber development and somatic embryogenesis

The mechanisms of cotton fiber development and somatic embryogenesis have been explored sys-tematically with microarray and suppression subtractive hybridization. Real-time RT-PCR provides the simultaneous measurement of gene expression in many different samples,with which the data from microarray or others can be confirmed in detail. To achieve accurate and reliable gene expression re-sults,normalization of real-time PCR data against one or several internal control genes is required,which should not fluctuate in different tissues during various stages of development. We assessed the gene expression of 7 frequently used housekeeping genes,including 18S rRNA,Histone3,UBQ7,Actin,Cyclophilin,Gbpolyubiquitin-1 and Gbpolyubiquitin-2,in a diverse set of 21 cotton samples. For fiber developmental series the expression of all housekeeping genes had the same down tendency after 17 DPA. But the expression of the AGP gene(arabinogalactan protein) that has high expression level at the later fiber development stage was up-regulated from 15 to 27 DPA. So the relative absolute quanti-fication should be an efficient and convenient method for the fiber developmental series. The expres-sion of nonfiber tissues series varied not so much against the fiber developmental series. And three best control genes Histone3,UBQ7 and Gbpolyubiquitin-1 have to be used in a combinated way to get better normalization.     

Identification in situ and phylogeny of uncultured bacterial endosymbionts.

The use of Koch's technique to isolate bacteria in pure cultures has enabled thousands of bacterial species to be characterized. But for the many microorganisms that have never been cultivated, DNA amplification in vitro using the polymerase chain reaction is now making their genes accessible. Here we use this technique to study bacteria of the genus Holospora, which live in ciliates and whose phylogenetic relationship has remained unknown because they are impossible to cultivate. Species of Holospora are highly infectious and live in the nuclei of their specific host cells: H. elegans and H. undulata infect micronuclei of Paramecium caudatum, whereas H. obtusa infects the macronucleus in other strains of the same host species; Holospora species have a common developmental cycle. We have amplified, cloned and sequenced gene fragments encoding ribosomal RNA of H. obtusa. The phylogenetic position of H. obtusa in the alpha group of Proteobacteria was determined by 16S rRNA sequence analysis. The sequences were then used to design species- as well as genus-specific rRNA hybridization probes, which enabled us to detect and differentiate individual cells of the endosymbionts in situ. The large amount of rRNA in the cells indicates a high physiological activity of the endosymbionts in the host nuclei.     

Fatty acid profiles of muscle from large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea R.) of different age

We investigated the fatty acid profiles of muscle from large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea R.) of different age. One- and two-year-old fish were cultured in floating net cages and sampled randomly for analysis. Moisture, protein, lipid and ash contents were determined by methods of Association of Analytical Chemist (AOAC) International. Fatty acid profile was determined by gas chromatography. Crude protein, fat, moisture and ash contents showed no significant differences between the two age groups. The contents of total polyunsaturated fatty acids and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were significantly higher and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) content was significantly lower in the two-year-old large yellow croaker than in the one-year-old (P<0.05). No significant differences were observed in the contents of total saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids, or the ratio of n-3/n-6 fatty acids among the large yellow croakers of the two age groups. We conclude that large yellow croakers are good food sources of EPA and DHA.     

基于18S rRNA基因序列的毛茛科及近缘植物的分子进化关系研究

基于18S rRNA基因序列以近缘植物Paeonia suffruticosa和Mahonia bealei为外类群,采用邻接法（Neighbor-joining methods,NJ)和最大简约法（Maximum parsimony,MP）对毛茛科Ranunculaceae 6属12种植物的系统发育关系进行了分析．结果表明,18S rRNA基因序列长度范围在1807~1810bp之间,系统树显示耧斗菜属Aquilegia与唐松草属Thalictrum,升麻属Cimicifuga与乌头属Aconitu     

Phylogenetic positions of some genera and species of the family Buccinidae (Gastropoda: Mollusca) from China based on ribosomal RNA and COI sequences

A phylogenetic analysis of members of the family Buccinidae was conducted using 18S rRNA gene, 28S rRNA gene and the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase Ⅰ gene. We studied 18 species of Buccinidae that belong to eight different genera and inhabit the China coastal seas. We analyzed the patterns of divergence between an outgroup and basal ingroup taxa, the monophyly of the genus Neptunea, and the position of one unnamed species within the Buccinidae. A phylogenetic tree (neighbor-joining (NJ) method) was reconstructed based on the sequences of 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA and COI, with Rapana venosa as outgroup. The NJ tree indicated that the 18 species could be divided into five groups. The genus Buccinum was monophyletic, whereas Neptunea was shown to be paraphyletic since it included Siphonalia subdilatata and Neptunea sp., a new species. This novel species otherwise clustered consistently with Neptunea cumingi in three other phylogenetic trees, showing a low genetic distance and divergence percentage of sequences belonging to the genus Neptunea. A smaller genetic distance and a smaller difference of 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA and COI sequences between Neptunea cumingii and Neptunea arthritica cumingii confirmed them to be the same species.     

南方菟丝子18S rRNA基因片段的克隆与序列分析

根据拟南芥光敏色素B基因序列设计引物, RT-PCR扩增南方菟丝子同一基因相应片段, 扩增使用了TD PCR技术,同时获得3个特异基因片段,对长约300 bp的片段克隆后进行序列分析,显示该片段与沼泽菟丝子和拟南芥18S rRNA基因相应片段的一致性分别为98.9%和97%,结果表明,该片段为南方菟丝子18S rRNA基因片段.