汉语国际教育的几个关键问题——兼与陆俭明商榷

汉语国际教育的目的是建造以中国文化为归宿的第二精神家园。汉语国际教育的核心任务与内容是人文素质教育,具体而言就是语言文学教育。与汉语国际教育的宗旨相适应的教材只能是多样化、有针对性、适应不同情况的教材。不可绝对、机械地以当地汉语教师完全替代外派汉语教师。汉语的国际地位决定于中国文化在多大程度上能够满足人类的精神需求。     

“一带一路”背景下印度尼西亚华文教育发展探析

当前印度尼西亚华文教育呈现了孔子学院规模不断扩大及开设汉语课程的中小学、高校逐渐增多,学习汉语人数持续上升等良好态势,但在孔子学院品牌效应提升、汉语教材本土化和师资队伍建设、汉语交际环境营造等方面仍然存在诸多问题。在国家"一带一路"倡议及国际中文教育改革的新形势下,发挥中外语言交流合作中心的协同作用,与在印度尼西亚的中国企业开展紧密合作,扩大孔子学院的推广力度和品牌效应;培养本土汉语教师、编写本土化教材;加强高校间的交流与联系,率先在华人社区和华文学校营造良好的汉语交际环境;注重中国企业的本土化问题,加大企业和高校合作力度等是解决印度尼西亚华文教育现存问题的重要策略。"一带一路"倡议为印度尼西亚华文教育创造了良好的发展机遇和广阔的发展空间,而高质量的印度尼西亚华文教育也将为推进"一带一路"倡议提供教育与文化方面的支持。     

汉语国际推广战略瓶颈及对策研究——基于文献的综述与展望

汉语国际推广也称汉语国际传播,此战略自2005年推行以来发展迅速,传统的“对外汉语教学”也全面转到“汉语国际推广（传播）”上。有关其发展瓶颈及对策问题的研究成为近年来研究的重点和难点,主要研究有：战略政策性问题研究;中国文化传播问题研究;“三教（教师、教材、教法）”问题研究。综述以上研究文献,可以展望今后汉语国际推广战略的研究主要应在如下方面亟待加强：第一,积极借鉴他国语言推广（传播）经验和教训;第二,认清汉语推广的本质属性和经济价值,加强汉语国际传播战略的经济投人与收益研究;第三,关注中国文化传播的特殊性和地域性,认真对待他国文化;第四,加大汉语师资的培训力度和水平以及汉语教材编写的投入研究;第五,确定汉语国际推广的语言标准,建立完善的汉语作为第二语言教学的体系。     

汉语教师志愿者项目与中国的软实力建设——和平队对中国软实力建设的启示

美国和平队的志愿服务工作,赢得了发展中国家的人民对美国的理解和好感,传播了美国的文化及价值观念,对提高美国的软实力发挥了至关重要的作用。汉语教师志愿者项目是目前中国派往海外志愿者数量最多、国别最多、涉及范围最广的志愿者项目。该项目的实施有利于提高中文的国际认知度和国际影响力,促进汉语教育的国际化进程;传播中华文化和价值体系,促进了中国与世界其他地区之间的对话与文化互动。参考美国和平队的成功经验,深入发掘汉语教师志愿者的潜在价值,对提高中国的软实力建设具有重要的意义。     

关于汉语国际教育专业实施双语教学的思考

随着我国经济的发展,中国的国际影响力在不断地扩大.汉语在国际交往中的作用越来越强,汉语教育国际化已经成为中国文化的发展趋势.现阶段高校已经开始设置汉语国际教育专业,基于中外文化的差异,汉语国际教育专业实施双语教学是其发展的必然趋势.该文根据汉语国际教育专业的专业特点,结合双语教学的优势,提出汉语国际教育专业实施双语教学的可行性,希望可以推动汉语国际教育专业的发展.     

韩国Yangsan中学汉语教材《生活中国语》分析

得益于近年来中国经济、政治以及社会的发展,全球化的＂汉语热＂也在不断升温,各国纷纷开启汉语学习计划,一时间对外汉语行业的师资力量紧缺,国际汉语教育成为新兴的热门就业发展方向,不仅如此,国际汉语教育队伍也亟需在教学模式和方法、教材等方面的更新问题上取得实质性进展,教材作为学科发展的前沿阵地和重要的一个突破口,在我国对外汉语教学学科40多年来的发展进程中,教材建设一直处于引人注目的位置。国内已经出版、使用和正在编写、试用中的汉语教材不下二三百种,无论在数量或质量方面都取得了长足的进步。教材的编写与研究已经成为教学活动中的重要一环,笔者在韩国做汉语教师的过程中,接触到了一些韩国人编纂的汉语教材,在教学过程中看到了一些可取之处,本文就韩国2010年3月1日由（天才教育）出版编写的一本汉语教材《生活中国语》进行系统的介绍,力求对其进行分析,希望其成果和不足可以对我国的教材编写和改进上有一定借鉴作用,我国的教材编写者也可以去粗取精,设计出更完善的汉语教材。     

汉语国际教育背景下的中医阴阳文化词语研究

在当今全球"汉语热"和"中医热"的大背景下,把中国传统医学与汉语国际教育相结合,为中医药文化的传承与传播提供了新的视角与契机。阴阳文化是中医药文化的源头与内核,而中医阴阳文化词语则蕴含着丰富的阴阳文化内涵。探讨中医阴阳文化词语的界定、来源、分类,以及教学的策略与方法,对在汉语国际教育中,以词语为媒介传播中医阴阳文化,具有极其重要的意义。     

汉语国际教育优秀团队建设的思考与实践

随着汉语热的进一步升温,对汉语国际教育教师的要求也进一步提高。在这样的大背景下,建设一支优秀的团队势在必行。该文从汉语国际教育团队组成、团队文化、教学工作、运营管理和团队优化等五个方面,阐述了优秀的汉语国际教育团队的建设与发展。     

汉语国际教育与中华文化国际传播分析

随着全球一体化进程的不断加快,国际文化交流愈加频繁,在这种时代发展模式的影响下,汉语国际教育的快速发展,为中华文化国际传播奠定了途径基础。汉语作为中华民族优秀传统文化的结晶,不仅凝聚着中华民族的文化内涵和智慧,更传承了中华民族精神,中华文化国际传播对于中国国际影响力的提升有着重要的推动意义。该文对汉语国际教育与中华文化国际传播的意义进行分析,探究汉语国际教育与中华文化国际传播之间的辩证关系,提出汉语国际教育与中华文化国际传播的要点。     

汉语国际教育专业本科课程设置探析

汉语国际教育专业本科以培养“从事与语言文化传播交流相关工作的中国语言文学学科应用型专门人才”为专业培养目标,其专业课程设置应在明确专业定位的基础上,围绕培养目标进行,目前,国内各院校的汉语国际教育专业在课程体系和课程设置上差别很大,教学质量参差不齐。本文在指出当前普遍存在问题的基础上,对汉语国际教育专业本科课程设置进行探讨,以期有助于提高课程设置的科学性与合理性,提高汉语国际教育专业本科人才培养质量。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.