催化柴油中碱性氮化物的GC／MS分析

本文用GC/MS技术研究了临商催化柴油中的碱性氮化物,鉴定出苯胺类、喹啉类、吡啶类和吲哚类81种化合物.     

液化气中硫醇结构组成研究

用化学分离结合GC/DFPD、GCMS仪器分析方法对液化气中的硫醇结构组成进行了分析研究,建立了易于操作的液化气中硫醇分离流程及硫醇的定性定量分析方法.结果表明,液化气中主要含有结构比较简单的硫醇,以甲硫醇和乙硫醇为主,这与液化气的组成特点相符合.     

安庆催化裂解(DCC)汽油硫醇硫难以脱除的原因分析

采用无碱脱臭Ⅱ型工艺 ,在较低的操作空速下对安庆催化裂解 (DCC)汽油进行了脱臭试验。对安庆预碱洗DCC汽油的分析表明 ,其硫醇以C4 及C5硫醇为主 ,另外还有C6～C8硫醇及大于C8的大分子硫醇。对脱臭汽油先进行萃取浓缩 ,再用气相色谱对其进行检测 ,无硫醇硫存在。由此可知 ,安庆DCC汽油中存在干扰硫醇硫测定的物质 ,使分析值偏大 ,这是安庆DCC汽油硫醇硫含量不合格及硫醇硫看似难以脱除的根本原因     

安庆催化裂解（DCC）汽油硫醇硫难以脱除的原因分析

采有无套脱臭Ⅱ型工艺，在较低的操作空速下对安庆催化裂解（DCC）汽油进行了脱臭试验。对安庆预碱洗DCC汽油的分析表明，其硫醇以C4及C5硫醇为主，另外还有C6－C8硫醇及大于C8的大分子硫醇，对脱臭汽油先进萃取浓度，再用气相色谱对其进行检测，无硫酸硫存在，由此可知，安庆DCC汽油中存在干扰硫醇硫测定的物质，使分析值偏大，这是安庆DCC汽油硫醇硫含量不合格及硫醇硫看似难以脱除的根本原因。     

液化气中硫醇结构组成研究

用化学分离结合GC／DFPD、GC-MS仪器分析方法对液化气中的硫醇结构组成进行了分析研究，建立了易于操作的液化气中硫醇分离流程及硫醇的定性．定量分析方法。结果表明，液化气中主要含有结构比较简单的硫醇，以甲硫醇和乙硫醇为主，这与液化气的组成特点相符合。     

用H_2O_2-有机酸氧化脱除催化裂化柴油中的硫化物

用 30 %H2 O2 HCOOH对催化裂化柴油中的含硫化合物 (主要为苯并噻吩类 )进行了氧化 ,然后用溶剂萃取法脱除柴油中的硫化物的氧化产物。所用萃取剂包括N甲基吡咯烷酮、N ,N二甲基甲酰胺、二甲亚砜、乙腈、硝基甲烷 ,其中 ,N ,N二甲基甲酰胺和二甲亚砜效果最好 ,在剂油 (体积 )比为 1∶2、溶剂含水量为 5 %及萃取时间为 10min的条件下 ,柴油总硫含量从 0 .8%降至 0 .3% ,柴油收率为 70 %～ 80 %。对未处理柴油、氧化柴油及氧化萃取柴油进行了GC/FPD分析 ,发现催化裂化柴油中苯并噻吩的脱除率为 6 0 %。GC/MS分析表明 ,氧化产物主要为以 1,1二氧苯并噻吩类为主的砜类 ,共鉴定出了 2 3种砜类     

催化裂化液体产品中硫化物的形态分析

应用气相色谱–脉冲火焰光度检测器(GC–PFPD)对俄罗斯原油常压渣油进行催化裂化反应后,所得液相产物中的含硫化合物进行定性定量分析。结果表明:所含硫化物以噻吩类、苯并噻吩类、二苯并噻吩类为主。采用不同的平均校正因子对催化汽油和柴油馏分中的总硫及主要硫化物含量进行分析。考察了催化裂化反应中剂油比及温度对催化汽油和柴油中总硫及主要硫化物含量的影响。     

柴油深度加氢脱硫过程中硫化物转化规律的研究

采用气相色谱-脉冲火焰光度计检测器(GC-PFPD)对催化柴油中的硫化物及其形态分布进行了分析,发现催化柴油中硫化物的类型主要为苯并噻吩类(BTs)和二苯并噻吩类(DBTs).研究表明,苯并噻吩类硫化物比较容易被脱除,而当催化柴油中总硫含量在500×10-6时其主要硫化物形态为二苯并噻吩类;不同烷基取代的DBTs的加氢脱硫(HDS)转化率不同,其被加氢脱除由易到难顺序为C1DBT→C2DBT→C3DBT;而单个硫化物被加氢脱除由易到难顺序为DBT→4-MDBT→2,4,6-TMDBT→4,6-DMDBT.实验发现,加氢柴油中的硫化氢可以被氧化成元素硫,从而影响总硫分析结果.采用GC-PFPD可以有效地对最低硫含量在(5～20)×10-6的超低硫柴油中硫化物以及元素硫进行分析鉴定,为加氢催化剂和加氢工艺的筛选提供必要的依据.     

柴油深度加氢脱硫过程中硫化物转化规律的研究

采用气相色谱-脉冲火焰光度计检测器(GC-PFPD)对催化柴油中的硫化物及其形态分布进行了分析,发现催化柴油中硫化物的类型主要为苯并噻吩类(BTs)和二苯并噻吩类(DBTs)。研究表明,苯并噻吩类硫化物比较容易被脱除,而当催化柴油中总硫含量在500×10-6时其主要硫化物形态为二苯并噻吩类;不同烷基取代的DBTs的加氢脱硫(HDS)转化率不同,其被加氢脱除由易到难顺序为:C1DBT→C2DBT→C3DBT;而单个硫化物被加氢脱除由易到难顺序为:DBT→4-MDBT→2,4,6-TMDBT→4,6-DMDBT。实验发现,加氢柴油中的硫化氢可以被氧化成元素硫,从而影响总硫分析结果。采用GC-PFPD可以有效地对最低硫含量在(5~20)×10-6的超低硫柴油中硫化物以及元素硫进行分析鉴定,为加氢催化剂和加氢工艺的筛选提供必要的依据。     

LDO催化大豆油制备生物柴油的研究

为解决生物柴油酯交换过程中的产物与催化剂分离问题,制备了镁铝复合氧化物(LDO),以镁铝复合氧化物为催化剂催化大豆油和甲醇酯交换反应制备生物柴油,通过正交试验考察反应温度、醇油物质的量比、催化剂用量、反应时间等因素对制备过程的影响,优化制备工艺.研究表明:镁铝复合氧化物可以用于以大豆油甲醇为原料酯交换反应制备生物柴油工...     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to