用H2O2—有机酸氧化脱除催化裂化柴油中的硫化物

用30％H2O2－HCOOH对催化裂化柴油中的含硫化合物（主要为苯并噻吩米）进行了氧化,然后用溶剂萃取法脱除柴油中的硫化物的氧化产物,所用萃取包括N－甲基吡咯烷酮,N,N－二甲基甲酰胺,二甲亚砜,乙腈,硝基甲烷,其中,N,N－二甲基甲酰胺和二甲亚砚效果最好,在剂油（体积）比为1：2,溶剂含水量为5％及萃取时间为10min的条件下,柴油总硫含量从0．8％降至0．3％,柴油收率为70％－80％,对未处理柴油,氧化柴油及氧化－萃取柴油进行了GC／FPD分析,发现催化裂化柴油中苯并噻吩的脱除率为60％,GC／MS分析表明,氧化产物主要为以1,1－二氧苯噻吩类为主的砜类,共鉴定出了23种砜类。     

催化裂化柴油萃取-光化学反应深度脱硫

采用液液萃取-光化学脱硫组合工艺,研究不同体系的光致脱硫效果,探讨了二苯甲酮敏化催化裂化柴油中脱硫反应的动力学并与二甲亚砜（DMSO）直接萃取脱硫进行了比较。硫化物的光氧化产物用溶剂萃取法脱除,考察的溶剂为水／乙腈混合物及二甲亚砜。实验数据表明：在萃取剂与柴油的体积比为4：3、溶剂含水量φ=0．25的条件下,柴油脱硫率可达64％,收率949／6。对柴油原料及光氧化柴油抽出物进行了红外光谱分析,结果表明柴油中硫化物降解后的形态包括亚磺酸、亚砜和硫酸酯。     

微波辐射磷钼酸镧盐催化柴油氧化脱硫研究

 研究了微波辐射下磷钼酸镧盐催化模型油和直馏柴油的氧化脱硫反应,并比较了不同萃取条件下柴油的脱硫率和回收率.结果表明,在相同的反应条件下,微波辐射加热时DBT,BT的脱除率比普通加热分别提高了7.5倍和3.9倍.二苯并噻吩和苯并噻吩的氧化反应都符合表观一级反应动力学规律.在70℃和400W微波功率下,DBT,BT的脱除率可分别达到94.0%和91.2%.直馏柴油氧化脱硫的最佳反应条件为:剂油质量比为7.1mg/g,H₂O₂初始浓度为0.44mol/L,微波功率为400W,反应温度为70℃和反应时间为120min.当V(DMF)/V(柴油)为1/4和萃取1次时,柴油脱硫率为64.5%,回收率为97.6%,当提高V(DMF)/V(柴油)或萃取次数,柴油的脱硫率提高了,但回收率却明显下降.在氧化脱硫过程中,首先过氧化氢亲核进攻催化剂的活性中心Mo(Ⅵ),然后氧化噻吩类形成亚砜,最后亚砜进一步被氧化生成砜.     

RFCC柴油中硫化物的脱除及其转化形态分析

采用H2O2(30％)-HCOOH氧化RFCC柴油中的含硫化合物，再用DMF萃取脱除其氧化产物，最后用微库仑法、GC-FPD和FT-IR等分析方法分别对氧化萃取的脱硫效果和被氧化后硫化物的存在形式进行了考察。结果表明氧化萃取可基本脱除柴油中的含硫化合物，氧化后RFCC柴油中的硫化物主要以极性较强的砜、亚砜和硫酸根形式存在。     

催化裂化柴油康醇萃取脱硫的研究

以康醇为萃取剂,在正十六烷中加入少量二苯并噻吩构成柴油模拟体系,考察了单级萃取中稀释荆含量、剂油比、温度对脱硫率和分配系数的影响。实验结果表明采用溶剂康醇脱除催化裂化（FCC）柴油中硫化物是可行的,康醇是一种较好的萃取剂。建立了在模拟体系中二苯并噻吩的萃取动力学方程：r表现＝0.19ＣＡ－60.6以及不同温度和不同稀释剂含量下的萃取平衡线。模拟体系萃取脱硫适宜的条件为φ（稀释剂）为0.01～0.05,剂油质量比为1.5～2.5,萃取温度30℃～50℃在该条件下,对催化裂化柴油进行萃取精制,精制柴油的各项指标均得到改善。     

直馏柴油催化氧化脱硫工艺中试研究(II)

采用直馏柴油催化氧化脱硫工艺中试装置,在表观停留时间3～5min、反应温度60℃、氧化催化剂/柴油体积比0.24,反应物料循环量1000L/h和柴油/萃取剂体积比2.5的试验条件下对直馏柴油进行催化氧化脱硫中试研究。精制柴油的产品分析表明：柴油中的主要硫化物二苯并噻吩类被氧化为极性的砜类化合物经萃取脱出,本工艺脱硫效果良好。富集硫化物柴油与催化柴油按1∶10的体积比混合,在模拟兰州石化炼油厂柴油加氢工业装置的操作条件下加氢脱硫,可使混合富硫柴油中的硫含量从2500μg/g降低到800μg/g。富集硫化物柴油可作为催化裂化柴油加氢装置的原料。     

微波辐射磷钼酸铈盐催化柴油氧化脱硫研究

研究微波辐射下磷钼酸铈盐催化模型油和直馏柴油的氧化脱硫反应,考察不同萃取条件对柴油的脱硫率和收率的影响.结果表明,相同反应条件下,相对于普通加热,微波辐射加热时二苯并噻吩(DBT)、苯并噻吩(BT)的脱除率分别提高了4.2倍和3.8倍;在70 ℃和400 W微波功率下加热2 h,DBT、BT的脱除率分别为95.6%和74.8%;对m(催化剂)/m(柴油)为7.1 mg/g、H2O2初始浓度为0.44 mol/L的柴油,经70 ℃和400 W微波功率加热2 h,再在V(萃取剂)/V(柴油)为1/4的条件下用DMF萃取1次,柴油脱硫率为69.6 %,收率为97.5 %;萃取次数增加,柴油脱硫率提高,但收率明显下降.     

微波辐射下柴油的催化氧化脱硫效果研究

将苯并噻吩(BT)和二苯并噻吩(DBT)分别溶于正辛烷配成模型油,以H2O2为氧化剂,研究普通加热和微波辐射加热下磷钼酸催化模型油和直馏柴油的氧化脱硫效果.分析了催化剂用量、H2O2初始浓度、反应温度和反应时间等对DBT、BT脱除率的影响,分析了不同萃取条件下的柴油脱硫率和回收率.结果表明,微波辐射加热下,DBT、BT的脱除率比普通加热分别提高了7.7倍和3.7倍;在70℃和400W微波功率下,DBT、BT的脱除率分别为95.4%和62.3%;催化剂用量、H2O2初始浓度、反应温度和反应时间等对DBT、BT的氧化脱除率均有影响;v(萃取剂)/v(柴油)为1/4时,采用DMF萃取1次,柴油的脱硫率为61.8%,回收率为98.4%,萃取次数增加,柴油脱硫率提高,而回收率明显下降.     

Co~(2+)-NaX催化氧气环氧化苯乙烯的溶剂效应

考察了各种具有较低蒸汽压的溶剂(b.p.>100℃)对含钴八面沸石(Co2+-NaX)催化的以氧气为氧化剂的苯乙烯环氧化反应的影响.结果表明,溶剂对环氧化反应具有重要作用,使用酰胺类溶剂如:N,N-二甲基甲酰胺等能够获得优良的催化性能.进一步研究表明,溶剂与分子筛中钴离子的配位作用是苯乙烯发生氧化转化的关键,酰胺类溶剂辅助参与苯乙烯的环氧化反应.使用适当比例的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和二甲亚砜的混合溶剂能够显著提高苯乙烯的转化率和环氧化物的选择性.     

催化裂化液体产品中硫化物的形态分析

应用气相色谱–脉冲火焰光度检测器(GC–PFPD)对俄罗斯原油常压渣油进行催化裂化反应后,所得液相产物中的含硫化合物进行定性定量分析。结果表明:所含硫化物以噻吩类、苯并噻吩类、二苯并噻吩类为主。采用不同的平均校正因子对催化汽油和柴油馏分中的总硫及主要硫化物含量进行分析。考察了催化裂化反应中剂油比及温度对催化汽油和柴油中总硫及主要硫化物含量的影响。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.