二甲基亚砜中Co2+、Ni2+和Fe2+的电化学行为

研究了二甲基亚砜中Co2+、Ni2+和Fe2+电化学行为. 在1.00×10-2 mol·L-1CoCl2-0.1 mol·L-1LiClO4-DMSO、1.00×10-2mol·L-1NiCl2-0.1 mol·L-1LiClO4-DMSO和1.00×10-2 mol·L-1FeCl2-0.1 mol·L-1LiClO4-DMSO体系中利用循环伏安法和计时电流法测定3种体系中Co2+、Ni2+和Fe2+的扩散系数DO. 结果在304 K时,循环伏安法测定3种体系中Co2+、Ni2+和Fe2+的扩散系数DO分别为1.31×10-5、1.27×10-5和1.59×10-5 cm2*s-1;在299 K时,计时电流法测定Co2+、Ni2+和Fe2+的扩散系数DO分别为1.01×10-5、1.43×10-5和1.39×10-5 cm2·s-1.     

不同钙制剂处理对刺梨果实发育的影响

在刺梨果实发育过程采用钙制剂(醋酸钙300mg·L-1、碳酸钙300mg·L-1)、钙离子通道阻塞剂(氯丙嗪50μmol·L-1)及钙离子专一性螯和剂(EGTA100mmol·L-1)对刺梨果实进行喷布处理。与对照比较,醋酸钙300mg·L-1、碳酸钙300mg·L-1处理对果实发育状况有较大的促进作用,处理后刺梨果实中的Ca2+含量下降速度减缓,维生素C含量增加速度和单宁的分解转化速度加快。在果实发育的中前期,果实中CaM含量与果实生长发育情况呈响应曲线,其高峰期较对照时间有所延长。钙离子通道阻塞剂(氯丙嗪50μmol·L-1)及钙离子专一性螯和剂(EGTA100mmol·L-1)处理后,则与钙制剂的效果相左。讨论了Ca2+、CaM在刺梨果实发育中的作用。     

雷公藤内酯酮的极谱催化波及应用研究

用线性扫描极谱法研究了雷公藤内酯酮在不同缓冲体系和氧化剂作用下的极谱催化波。实验表明,在pH=5.20的B-R缓冲溶液、0.1mol·L-1KCl和4.0×10-3mol·L-1H2O2体系中,雷公藤内酯酮极谱催化波的一阶导数峰电位为-0.97V(vs.SCE);一阶导数峰电流与浓度在1.3×10-8mol·L-1～1.3×10-7mol·L-1范围内有较好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9912。初步讨论了电极反应机理。     

洛美沙星的吸附伏安特性及其应用

在Britton Robinson(pH8 80 ) 0 0 2mol·L- 1KCl底液中 ,洛美沙星 (Lomefloxacin ,简称LMF)在汞电极上有一线性扫描还原峰 ,峰电位Ep=- 1 4 0V (vs.Ag/AgCl) ,该峰具有明显的吸附性 .吸附粒子为LMF中性分子 ,测得LMF在汞电极上的饱和吸附量Гs=4 2 7× 10 - 11mol·cm- 2 ,每个LMF分子所占电极面积为 3 89nm2 ,LMF在汞电极上的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温式 .测得吸附系数 β =2 2 9× 10 6,2 5℃时的吸附自由能ΔG =- 36 2 9kJ·mol- 1,电极反应电子数n =2 ,不可逆体系动力学参数αnα=1 84 ,表面电极反应速率常数ks=0 2 9s- 1,扩散系数D =7 38×10 - 7cm2 ·s- 1.建立了吸附溶出伏安法测定LMF的最佳条件 ,检出限为 5 0× 10 - 8mol·L- 1.     

甲氨蝶呤的电化学行为及应用的研究

在 0 .1mol·L- 1NH3 NH4 Cl (pH 9.8)缓冲溶液中 ,甲氨蝶呤在单扫示波极谱上有一灵敏的导数极谱峰 ,峰电位Ep=- 0 .83V(vs .SCE) .峰电流ip 与甲氨蝶呤的浓度在 5 .4× 10 - 8～ 6.5× 10 - 6 mol·L- 1范围内成线性关系 ,检出限为 4 .33× 10 - 8mol·L- 1.基于此建立了单扫示波极谱测定甲氨蝶呤的新方法 ,用于市售药片的测定 ,回收率在 92 .9%～ 10 6.8%之间 ,结果令人满意 .用线性扫描和循环伏安法研究了体系的电化学行为及电极反应机理 ,实验表明 ,甲氨蝶呤的还原属于具有吸附性的准可逆过程 ,并伴随 2个电子、2个氢离子参与电极反应 .     

酱油增香发酵用酵母的纯化和生长特性分析

对酵母菌种进行了分离纯化,绘制出分离纯化后的酵母菌种的生长曲线。通过设计正交试验,确定出各菌种的最适生长条件。实验结果表明,T酵母的最适生长条件为:培养基中食盐添加的质量分数为0.07,温度28℃,pH值5,Ca2+浓度10-3mol·L-1;鲁氏酵母的最适生长条件为:培养基中食盐添加的质量分数为0.08,温度32℃,pH值5.5,Ca2+浓度10-4mol·L-1。     

罐头食品中EDTA残留量的薄层色谱测定

采用薄层色谱法 ,测定罐头食品中 EDTA(乙二胺四乙酸 )的残留量 .点样于硅胶 G板上 ,以V水 ∶ V甲醇 =80∶ 2 0 ,内含有 2 0 mmol· L-1四丁基溴化铵与 0 .0 3mol· L-1醋酸钠缓冲溶液 (p H=4 )为展开剂 ,上行展开后直接进行薄层色谱扫描测定 .方法操作简单快速 ,在 10～ 4 0 0 mg· L-1范围内呈线性关系 ,方法回收率为 96 .7%～ 10 1.4 % ,RSD为 0 .82 %～ 1.11%     

2,4-二羟基二苯甲酮在硫酸介质中的极谱行为研究

用单扫示波极谱法研究了2,4-二羟基二苯甲酮在不同浓度H2SO4介质中的极谱行为。实验表明,在0.2mol·L-1的H2SO4介质中其二阶导数峰电位为-1.01V(vs.SCE),峰电流与其浓度在2.5×10-8mol·L-1～1.0×10-6mol·L-1范围内有线性关系,线性方程为ip″(nA·s-2)=116.3+4.559×108c(mol·L-1),(r=0.9985)。循环伏安研究表明,该极谱波为吸附波。     

催化极谱法快速测定硫磺中微量碲

采用硫化铵快速分解硫磺试样,在16.56 mol·L-1NH3·H2O-0.21 mol·L-1酒石酸钠-3.01×10-4mol·L-1Pb-1.50×10-2mol·L-1EDTA-0.12mol·L-1Na2SO3-3.2×10-4mol·L-1HNO3体系中以催化极谱法测定微量碲.极谱峰电位为-1.10V(VS·SCE).碲浓度在4～100ng/mL-1范围内与峰电流有良好的分段线性关系.检出下限为4ng·mL-1.方法的RSD为1.9%～2.3%,加标回收率为90.10%～96.00%.该法操作简便快速,用于硫磺样品的测定结果满意.     

甲氨蝶呤在Co/GC离子注入修饰超微电极上的电化学行为

甲氨蝶呤 (MTX)在 0 0 0 5mol·L-1 Tris 0 0 5mol·L-1 NaCl(pH7 12 )缓冲溶液中 ,用Co/GC离子注入修饰超微电极进行伏安测定 ,得到一良好的还原峰 ,峰电位Ep=- 0 978V(vs.SCE) .峰电流ip 与MTX的浓度在 8 0× 10 -8～ 9 6× 10 -6mol·L-1 范围内成线性关系 ,检出限为1 0× 10 -8mol·L-1 .基于此建立了测定MTX的新方法 .用于市售药片测定 ,回收率在 98 9%～10 6 2 %之间 .用线性扫描和循环伏安法研究了体系的电化学行为及电极反应机理 .实验表明 ,MTX的还原为不可逆吸附过程 ,并伴随 2个电子参与电极反应 .经扫速对催化效率的影响实验证明体系存在催化作用     

青皮和陈皮对大鼠小肠纵行肌条运动的影响

把大鼠离体小肠纵行肌条安置在灌流肌槽中 ,记录肌条自发收缩活动的变化 ,比较青皮和陈皮对各肌条运动的影响并初步探讨青皮的作用机制 .青皮 (p H 5 .0 )和陈皮 (p H 5 .8)均明显减小各肌条的收缩波平均振幅 ,且青皮的作用比陈皮强 .中性青皮减小各肌条的收缩波平均振幅 ,但中性陈皮只减小十二指肠肌条的收缩波平均振幅 .酚妥拉明可部分阻断青皮 (p H7.4 )对回肠纵行肌条的抑制作用 (由加酚妥拉明之前的 - 6 7.3%± 5 .5 %减小为 - 4 4 .0 %± 3.2 % ,p <0 .0 0 5 ) ,六烃季胺、心得安、消炎痛、L- NNA不影响青皮的作用 .结果表明 :青皮和陈皮同为柑橘的果皮 ,但青皮对大鼠小肠纵行肌条的抑制作用比陈皮强 .青皮对回肠纵行肌条的抑制效应可能部分经由肾上腺素能α受体介导 ,对其他部位肌条的抑制作用机理有待于进一步研究     

阳离子类型对钢筋腐蚀临界氯离子浓度的影响

采用饱和Ca(OH)2溶液和水泥浸泡液2种混凝土模拟孔溶液,选用NaCl,KCl,MgCl2和CaCl2等4种氯盐,通过逐级添加氯盐方式腐蚀钢筋,以半电池电位法测得的自腐蚀电位和电化学阻抗技术测得的腐蚀电流密度分别判定钢筋起始腐蚀对应的临界氯离子浓度.研究结果表明:阳离子类型对钢筋腐蚀的临界氯离子浓度有明显影响;在饱和Ca(OH)2溶液中,Mg2+和Ca2+降低了钢筋腐蚀的临界氯离子浓度;在水泥浸泡液中,Mg2+和Ca2+则提高了钢筋腐蚀的临界氯离子浓度;在2种混凝土模拟孔溶液中,同价阳离子的临界氯离子浓度相同.     

Ca2+在H2O2促进蚕豆气孔关闭过程中的作用

利用表皮生物分析法，通过表皮条缓冲液中加CaCl2研究了Ca＾2＋在H2O2促进蚕豆气孔关闭过程中的作用．研究发现在不同浓度的H2O2溶液中加入0．05mol/L和0．005mol/L CaCl2均能加强H2O2对蚕豆气孔关闭的促进作用，H2O2和Ca^2 浓度越高，气孔开度减小越明显．推测在H2O2促进蚕豆气孔关闭过程中，保卫细胞质中Ca^2 浓度升高时的来源可能是质外体中的Ca^2＋．     

The nature of endothelium-derived vascular relaxant factor

The existence of endothelium-derived vascular relaxant factor (EDRF) was postulated by Furchgott and colleagues when they observed that acetylcholine paradoxically relaxed preconstricted aortic strip preparations by an endothelium-dependent mechanism. This phenomenon has since been demonstrated in different blood vessels and mammalian species and it can be elicited by several other agents. EDRF has been thought to be a humoral agent, a lipoxygenase derivative and possibly a free radical. In the study reported here, by using aortic preparations from the rabbit, alone and in cascade experiments with isolated perfused coronary preparations, we demonstrate definitively that EDRF is a humoral agent. It is released from unstimulated aortic preparations containing endothelium, its release can be stimulated for prolonged periods by acetylcholine, and it is not a lipoxygenase derivative or free radical but an unstable compound with a carbonyl group at or near its active site.     

Cathodic behavior of molten CaCl_2-CaO and CaCl_2-NaCl-CaO

The cathodic behavior of molten CaCl2, CaCl2-CaO and equimolar CaCl2-NaCl-CaO was studied by cyclic voltammograms and constant potential polarization at temperatures of 1123 to 1173 K on molybdenum and titanium electrodes. The diffusion coefficient of Ca2+ (CaO) in molten CaCl2-CaO was calculated from the linear relationship between the square root of scan rate and the peak current density. The deposition potentials and the potential temperature coefficient of CaO in molten CaCl2-0.5mol%CaO and CaCl2-NaCl-0.5mol%CaO were also obtained from their cyclic voltammograms. The result shows that CaO is more easily reduced than CaCl2. The addition of NaCl in molten CaCl2-CaO induces the underpotential electrodeposition of CaO.     

Regulation of Ca2+-dependent K+-channel activity in tracheal myocytes by phosphorylation

Isoprenaline is a beta-adrenergic agonist of clinical importance as a remedy for asthma. In airway smooth muscle its relaxant action is accompanied by hyperpolarization of the membrane and elevation of the level of intracellular cyclic AMP. Hyperpolarization and relaxation are also induced by drugs such as forskolin, theophylline and dibutyryl cAMP, indicating that cAMP-dependent phosphorylation is involved in producing the electrical response. Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase A) has been reported to activate Ca2+-dependent K+ channels in cultured aortic smooth muscle cells and snail neurons. The membrane of tracheal smooth-muscle cells is characterized by a dense distribution of Ca2+-dependent K+-channels. We have now examined the effect of isoprenaline and protein kinase A on Ca2+-dependent K+-channels in isolated smooth muscle cells of rabbit trachea, using the patch-clamp technique. Our results show that the open-state probability of Ca2+-dependent K+-channel of tracheal myocytes is reversibly increased by either extracellular application of isoprenaline or intracellar application of protein kinase A. We also show that this effect is significantly enhanced and prolonged in the presence of a potent protein phosphatase inhibitor, okadaic acid.     

芦丁镉对兔子血压和离体主动脉平滑肌的影响

芦丁镉金属配合物经耳脉静脉注射家兔,观察其血压变化;制备离体主动脉平滑肌条,将其固定在灌流肌槽中,记录离体主动脉平滑肌条张力的变化。观察芦丁镉对家兔动脉血压的影响以及对去甲肾上腺素(NA)诱发的离体主动脉肌条收缩的影响。结果表明,静脉注射芦丁镉可引起动脉血压的降低(P<0.05);而在灌流槽中单独加入芦丁镉时不能观察到离体血管紧张性的改变,但是在NA作用的基础上再加入芦丁镉后,便可使离体血管收缩效应减弱(P<0.05)。因此,芦丁合镉金属配合物具有降低血压和抑制NA引起的血管的收缩效应。     

Single stretch-activated ion channels in vascular endothelial cells as mechanotransducers?

Endothelial cells line the inner surface of blood vessels and act as the main barrier to the passage of cells and large molecules from the blood stream to the tissues. Recent interest in the part played by the endothelium in regulating vascular tone has focused on the synthesis and secretion of prostacyclin and an endothelium-derived relaxing factor. Endothelial cells respond to blood-borne agonist, but how the endothelium senses and responds to mechanical forces generated by the flow of blood under pressure is not known. Here we report patch-clamp recordings of ion channel activity from cell-attached membrane patches on aortic endothelial cells. In most of the patches examined, we observed unitary inward currents associated with the opening of a cation-selective channel (approximately 40 pS in standard saline). The channel is permeable to Ca2+ and its opening frequency increases when the membrane is stretched by applying suction through the patch electrode. The presence of mechanotransducing ion channels in endothelial cells may help explain how the endothelium mediates vascular responses to haemodynamic stresses.     

用ETH1001钙离子选择电极研究钙与胆汁酸根的作用

比较了ETH1001钙离子选择电极(Ca ISE)与磷酸酯Ca ISE抗表面活性剂干扰的能力。ETH1001 Ca ISE不受胆盐的干扰,而磷酸酯Ca ISE受干扰造成电位负移。因此用ETH1001 Ca ISE重新研究了钙与一些胆汁酸根的作用。     

Activation of sodium-proton exchange is a prerequisite for Ca2+ mobilization in human platelets

Stimulated platelets take up sodium ions and release hydrogen ions due to activation of Na+/H+ exchange resulting in cytoplasmic alkalinization. Suppression of Na+/H+ exchange either by removal of extracellular Na+ or by application of amiloride inhibits shape change, secretion of granule contents and aggregation. The data we present here indicate that inhibition of this transport by ethylisopropyl-amiloride or by lowering extracellular sodium reduces or even completely suppresses the rise in cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration that is essential for platelet aggregation in response to thrombin. We also demonstrate that cytoplasmic alkalinization produced by exposure to the ionophore monensin sensitizes the human platelet response to stimulation by thrombin resulting in enhanced Ca2+ mobilization and aggregability. We conclude that an increase in intracellular pH evoked by activation of Na+/H+ counter transport is an important signal in stimulus-response coupling and forms an essential step in the cascade of events required to increase cytoplasmic free Ca2+ in platelets.