超微HMS介孔分子筛的合成研究（I）——合成条件的影响

以十二胺为模板剂,正硅酸乙酯为硅源,采用水热法合成了HMS介孔分子筛,系统地研究了合成条件如pH值、合成温度、合成时间、DDA/SiO₂、H₂O/SiO₂和EtOH/SiO₂对HMS介孔分子筛结构和粒径的影响.结果表明,合成条件对HMS介孔分子筛的结构和粒径有很大影响,在pH＝7,DDA/SiO₂＝0.27,H₂O/SiO₂=66.7,EtOH/SiO₂=6.5,20 ℃下反应18 h,可以获得粒径为100～300 nm的超微HMS介孔分子筛.     

硅源对介孔分子筛结构、性能的影响

以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)、气相白炭黑(fumed-silica)、硅溶胶为无机组装源,以CTAB为模板剂分别于碱性与酸性介质中组装介孔分子筛.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、BET比表面测试、29Si MAS NMR等分析方法对所合成介孔材料进行表征,考察了无机硅源对所组装的介孔结构的有序度和水热稳定性的影响.实验结果表明:碱性介质中所组装的介孔结构的有序度与水热稳定性由高到低顺序为硅溶胶,fumed-silica,TEOS;晶化温度从120℃提高到150℃,fumed-silica为硅源的介孔结构从六方相转化为立方相,而硅溶胶为硅源的则不变;酸性介质中3种硅源均可以组装出有序度较高的介孔材料,其有序度由高到低顺序为硅溶胶,fumed-silica,TEOS,并且fumed-silicac有序度远高于TEOS.     

Al-SBA-15介孔分子筛的合成与表征

通过预处理后铝化的方法,合成了Al-SBA-15介孔分子筛,用X射线衍射、SEM扫描电镜和N2吸附-脱附等方法进行了表征。结果表明,本实验合成的Al-SBA-15介孔分子筛具有高度有序的六方介孔结构,且在800℃的高温下焙烧6h,120℃下水热处理120h,依然保持较为有序的介孔结构,具有比纯硅SBA-15更好的热和水热稳定性。     

铜掺杂SBA-15的pH调节法直接合成及其在N_2O分解反应中的催化性能(英文)

酸性条件下,用环六亚甲基四胺作为pH调节剂,采用pH调节法直接合成了铜同构替代掺杂的SBA-15中孔分子筛(Cu/SBA-15).采用X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜-能量色散X射线光谱(SEM-EDX)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)以及傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)等技术对目标材料进行了表征.结果表明:该材料具有六方中孔有序结构,且环六亚甲基四胺显著影响了铜和SBA-15硅骨架的结合,在水热合成过程中,环六亚甲基四胺分解释放出氨气,增加了体系的pH值,有助于更多的铜进入到分子筛的骨架中.该材料可用于N2O分解反应的催化剂,其中Cu/SBA-15(110)在600℃下具有优异的催化活性,可分解50%N2O.     

MCM-48介孔分子筛的合成研究

本文以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为硅源,以十六烷基三甲基溴化胺(CTAB)为模板剂,用传统的水热合成法合成介孔分子筛MCM-48,探索模板剂、水、氢氧化钠等不同因素对合成MCM-48介孔分子筛的影响。在较低模板剂用量的条件下,合成了介孔分子筛,用XRD对MCM-48介孔分子筛进行了结构表征。     

有序介孔金属氧化物的合成及其光催化性能表征

以钛酸异丙酯[Ti(OCH(CH3)2)4]、正硅酸四乙酯[Si(OC2H5)4,TEOS]、钽酸乙酯[Ta(OC2H5)5]、铌酸乙酯[Nb(OC2H5)5]为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法成功合成了80TiO2.20SiO2和TaNbO5复合介孔分子筛.XRD表征结果表明,新合成样品的介观结构皆具有高的有序度;550℃焙烧去除模板剂后,仍保持良好的有序度.在焙烧过程中80TiO2.20SiO2骨架内有锐钛矿纳米晶粒产生,而TaNbO5仍保持无定形相.在紫外光照射下,介孔80TiO2.20SiO2和TaNbO5对分解H2S气体皆表现出高的光催化活性.介孔80TiO2.20SiO2分解H2S的活性是无孔80TiO2.20SiO2的近16倍.     

银改性六方介孔硅的合成及其抗菌性能研究

采用溶胶凝胶法合成了银改性六方介孔硅(AgHMS)抗菌材料,以X射线衍射(XRD)、红外(FTIR)、固体紫外漫反射(UVVis)、环境扫描(ESEM)、电子能谱(EDS)、热重(TGDTA)及N2的吸附脱附技术对材料结构和特性进行了分析,通过浊度值测定法考察了材料的抗菌性能。结果表明：AgHMS具有较好的热稳定性,银在材料中以骨架和非骨架态两种形式存在并且分散均匀。银的引入会导致六方介孔硅(HMS)载体材料的结晶度、介孔有序度、比表面积及平均孔径等的变化,模板剂及脱模温度对Si-O的红外吸收峰峰位及强度也有显著影响。抗菌实验表明：银改性六方介孔材料具有优良的抗菌性能,对金黄色葡萄球菌、芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌及枯草杆菌的抗菌性能依次增强。抗菌剂质量浓度为0.20 mg/L时对枯草杆菌的生长可起到抑制作用;当其质量浓度为1.00 mg/L,12 h后即可实现对枯草杆菌的彻底杀灭。     

WO_3/HMS分子筛的合成及其催化性能

以(NH4)2WO4为钨源,采用浸渍法,在不同pH值、模板剂种类、模板剂用量和硅钨比等条件下合成多相催化剂WO3/HMS,利用XRD手段对催化剂的结构进行了表征,研究了催化剂在环戊烯选择性氧化合成戊二醛反应中的催化性能.结果表明:在pH=4、硅源为正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)、模板剂为十二胺(DDA)、n(DDA)/n(TEOS)=0.20,n(Si)/n(W)=30的条件下合成的WO3/HMS分子筛催化活性最高,戊二醛的收率最高可达67%.催化剂具有较高的稳定性,可以重复使用5次,失活后的催化剂可通过高温焙烧的方式再生.     

化学工程与工艺专业创新实验——碱性水热法酸性制备MCM-41分子筛

MCM-41中孔分子筛具有相当大的潜在价值.该文在碱性条件下,采用水热晶化法,以硅酸钠为硅源,表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为结构模板剂,成功合成出MCM-41中孔分子筛.采用XRD,IR,TG等表征手段研究了合成条件(pH值),凝胶后处理条件(老化时问,晶化时间和焙烧温度)和碱介质的选择对MCM-41结构的影响.     

杂原子HMS介孔分子筛的合成及表征

以十二胺(DDA)为模板剂,正硅酸四乙酯(TEOS)为硅源,以硝酸铬(Cr(NO3)3·9H2O)为铬源,钛酸四丁酯(TBOT)为钛源,偏铝酸钠(NaAlO2)为铝源,在一定条件下反应,分别制备了含杂原子Cr,Ti和Al的介孔HMS分子筛.采用粉末X-射线衍射(XRD)、紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis)、N2吸附—脱附及透射电镜(TEM)等手段对杂原子HMS分子筛进行了表征.XRD结果表明,Cr,Ti和Al杂原子分别嵌入到HMS分子筛骨架;N2吸附—脱附的孔径分布及TEM结果表明杂原子介孔分子筛孔径集中在4nm左右并具有蚯蚓状的孔道结构.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with