长白山北坡访花昆虫研究(Ⅲ)——访花昆虫多样性

2004—2005年6—9月对长白山北坡各垂直带访花昆虫进行了系统调查研究,并用各种多样性指数对访花昆虫的多样性进行了测度.研究结果表明,该区访花昆虫有251种,分别隶属于9目、62科、179属.群落的α多样性分析表明,不同群落多样性指数从高到低的变化顺序是:针阔混交林群落>针叶林群落>岳桦林群落>苔原带群落;不同月份多样性指数从高到低的变化顺序是:7月末>7月中旬>6月末>6月中旬>8月中旬>9月初;在4个不同群落中,针阔混交林群落访花昆虫的物种数、个体数、物种多样性指数及物种均匀度指数均高于其他群落;群落的相似性分析和聚类分析表明,各不同群落访花昆虫之间的相似性差异显著,访花昆虫群落多样性变化主要与植被类型有关.     

校园不同生境昆虫物种多样性比较

为了探讨不同生境中昆虫物种多样性的差异,对井冈山大学校园内3种生境（A区：灌木．杂草混生区、B区：乔木区、C区：杂草三种生境）的昆虫进行了系统调查,共捕获昆虫567头,隶属于9目76种,其中鳞翅目、直翅目、同翅目为校园内的优势类群。不同生境中,A区（灌木．杂草混生区）昆虫多样性最高,c区最低（杂草区）。A、B、C三区的昆虫多样性指数日’分别为2．00,1．99和1．94,丰富度指数￡k分别为12．75,9．09和4．51。区域A与区域B昆虫相似性最高。结果表明,不同生境的昆虫群落相似性与植被类型有关。人类活动通过影响昆虫生境,进而影响昆虫群落的组成和分布格局。     

锡林河湿地鸟类群落多样性研究

2005～2006年,采用固定半径样点法和样线法对锡林河湿地4种生境的鸟类资源进行了调查,共记录到鸟类97种,隶属于12目33科．研究了不同生境类型中鸟类群落的多样性、均匀度、丰富度、优势度及群落问的相似性等特征．结果显示：沼泽区的鸟类群落多样性指数最高,明水区次之,草地最低．沼泽区和明水区鸟类群落间的相似性最高．     

盐城国家级珍禽自然保护区不同生境的昆虫群落研究

为研究盐城国家级珍禽自然保护区中的昆虫群落与湿地植被间的关系,课题组于2008年4月～2009年1月分四季在保护区核心区中的互花米草群落、盐蒿群落和芦苇群落3种生境中设立样地,分别采用网捕法、植物收割法和凋落物收集法采集昆虫,共采集昆虫标本3928头,经鉴定隶属于12目49科．分析表明：保护区内不同生境的昆虫群落组成与结构存在差异：昆虫的种类、数量以及优势类群都不相同;昆虫群落多样性指数在不同植物群落、季节以及季节一植物群落综合影响上均存在显著差异;互花米草与芦苇群落中的昆虫组成结构具有较高相似性．     

毛乌素沙漠南缘沙区恢复生态系统蝗总科昆虫多样性研究

通过对毛乌素沙漠南缘恢复生态系统不同生境蝗虫群落,进行蝗虫群落结构及其在不同生境条件下存在度的研究,并运用βw多样性指数,Cj相似性指数和Cs相似性指数,对其蝗虫群落多样性进行分析,结果表明不同生境蝗虫群落多样性由高到低为农田杂草地带>油松群落>蓼子柏灌木群落>沙柳群落,反映了环境演替与物种之间的关系,也反映了不同蝗虫适应于不同生境和生态幅度,同时对不同生境间边缘地带的物种丰富度、种群密度的研究发现具有增加的趋势和明显的边缘效应。     

唐家河国家级自然保护区夏季啮齿动物的群落分析

2003年7-8月应用样线铗日法对唐家河自然保护区夏季啮齿动物的群落结构进行了调查，共捕获啮齿动物220只，根据生境状况、物种组成和优势种将其归为4个群落，并根据各群落的优势种进行了命名，采用Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀性指数、Simpson的优势度指数和Whittaker相似性指数，分析了该保护区夏季不同海拔高度啮齿动物群落的结构特点，结果表明群落多样性指数和均匀性指数最大的都是位于中海拔（1800-2500m）受到中度干扰的次生灌丛、针阔混交林和亚高山针叶林，通过对群落相似性指数的计测可以看出生境类型与物种分布具有连续性。     

梅花山自然保护区昆虫多样性的初步研究

对梅花山自然保护区的5个不同生境进行了昆虫多样性调查.采集昆虫标本5281号,共有14个目82个科193个种.分别用多样性指数、均匀度和丰富度对不同的群落进行了统计分析,在不同生境中多样性指数、均匀度、丰富度皆不相同,其中针阔混交林昆虫的多样性(5.741426)、均匀度(0.918933)最高,常绿阔叶林的丰富度(83)最高,毛竹林多样性(4.906891)、均匀度(0.690726)、丰富度(30)最低.表明昆虫的多样性与其生境的植物种类、丰富程度密切相关.     

莫莫格国家自然保护区昆虫多样性研究

对莫莫格国家级自然保护区的昆虫进行了系统调查,采用Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')、Simpson优势度集中性指数(D)、Pielou均匀度指数(J')及PIE种间相遇率对不同生境优势目昆虫进行了比较分析.结果表明:应用4种多样性指数测度6个优势目昆虫总体多样性时,其结果虽有差别,但都显示碱蓬群落的多样性...     

华北平原耕作区不同林木类型昆虫群落结构研究

应用生物多样性指数分析了河北省廊坊市不同林木类型中昆虫群落结构特征。采集到的97种昆虫隶属于10目、48科,其中鳞翅目、鞘翅目昆虫为优势类群,人工杨树纯林昆虫群落多样性指数高于经常喷施化学农药的果园,杨白潜蛾、杨扇舟蛾、茶袋蛾等食叶昆虫类是造成杨树纯林树势减弱、易于爆发病虫害的主要诱因。因此,通过改变林木种植模式、采取综合控制措施、增加植物群落多样性等方法,可提高不同林木类型中昆虫群落多样性,增强害虫的自然控制能力,同时对增加鸟类群落多样性、增强鸟类的生物防治作用也具有积极意义。     

金沙江干热河谷退化生态系统的昆虫多样性

采用样带调查法研究金沙江干热河谷鹤庆段不同类型退化生态系统恢复中昆虫多样性的变化。结果显示：（1）采获昆虫标本4648号,计115种。其中同翅目昆虫占71．3％,膜翅目、半翅目和直翅目昆虫分别占10．1％,6．8％和4．2％,其余11目合计占7．6％。（2）天然次生林区优势度指数最低,多样性指数和均匀度指数最高;退耕还林地优势度指数最高,多样性指数和均匀度指数最低;封山育林区和天然次生林区物种丰富度指数高于其他样地。各样地之间昆虫群落相似性水平较低,优势种及常见种的种类和数量不同。（3）数量较大的害虫种类有蚜虫、蚧虫、云南蝗和鼻盾蝽等。（4）不同类型退化生态系统在恢复中昆虫多样性存在一定差异,退化程度较轻的天然次生林中昆虫多样性明显高于其他生态恢复与重建中的退化毕杰系壬齐。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.