玉米秸秆和稻草-硫酸还原浸出低品位软锰矿

研究了以低品位软锰矿为原料,用玉米秸秆和稻草为混合还原剂,在硫酸介质中还原浸出锰的效果.通过单因素实验确定了玉米秸秆和稻草-硫酸还原浸锰的适宜工艺条件,该适宜工艺条件如下:软锰矿粒径为109μm,玉米秸秆和稻草的质量比为1∶1.5,玉米秸秆和稻草还原剂与软锰矿的质量比为3∶10,硫酸浓度为3.0 mol/L,液固比为10 m L/g,反应温度为90℃,反应时间为80 min.在适宜的浸出工艺条件下,软锰矿中锰的浸出率可达97%以上,锰的浸出效果较好.     

锰方解石的盐酸浸出及四氧化三锰的制备

对锰方解石的盐酸浸出行为进行研究并采用石灰乳法制备四氧化三锰;采用X线衍射对产品Mn3O4进行表征,考察液固比、催化剂用量、反应温度、浸出时间和搅拌速度等因素对锰浸出率的影响,并从动力学角度分析浸出行为.为了提高产品四氧化三锰的纯度,采用正交实验研究石灰乳浓度为1 mol/L时,Mn2+浓度、反应温度、石灰乳加料速度以及反应陈化时间对氢氧化锰纯度的影响.研究结果表明:锰浸出率随温度和搅拌速度的增大而增大;催化剂可在一定程度上缩短反应时间;锰方解石矿的浸出过程为扩散-化学反应混合控制过程;当氯化锰浓度为0.5 mol/L,反应温度为80℃,陈化时间为4h,加料速度为6 mL/min时,氢氧化锰中锰质量分数可达60％以上,最终产品四氧化三锰中锰质量分数为70.42％.     

玉米秸秆还原浸出高铁低品位锰矿研究

采用"玉米秸秆硫酸预处理—浸出"工艺处理含Mn 9.63%(质量分数)的朝阳锰矿.通过试验考察用硫酸对玉米秸秆进行预处理的时间、秸秆用量、温度、硫酸浓度和浸出温度对锰浸出率的影响.试验表明,在秸秆用量2.5 g、时间10 min、硫酸浓度1.2 mol/L、温度80℃时预处理秸秆,浸出温度为90℃的条件下,锰的浸出率达92%,杂质铁溶出率仅为20%.玉米秸秆处理前后FTIR分析结果表明,对秸秆进行硫酸预处理能够破坏难降解的木质素结构,有利于提高锰的浸出效果.     

常压下硫酸体系中钴冰铜的浸出

对云南某镍矿镍转炉渣经碳还原、黄铁矿硫化所得的钴冰铜进行工艺矿物学及其在常压条件下硫酸浸出的研究。考察温度、硫酸起始浓度、浸出时间及液固比等因素对钴、镍浸出率的影响，以及在两段逆流浸出流程中镍、钴的浸出率。实验结果表明：硫酸浓度以及浸出温度对钴、镍浸出率影响较大，当硫酸初始浓度为6mol／L，浸出温度为100℃，浸出时间为6h，液固比为5时，钴冰铜中钴、镍的浸出率分别达到95．37％和96．73％；在两段逆流浸出实验中，钴、镍的浸出率分别达到99．62％和99．58％，渣中铜的品位达到34．42％，回收率达到96．42％。     

废催化剂焙烧水浸渣中硫酸浸取钴的动力学研究

以废催化剂处理过程中得到的镍钴渣为研究对象,采用硫酸浸出镍钴渣,使钴和镍得到有效回收,并对硫酸浸出钴的动力学进行探讨。研究结果表明:搅拌速度为400～1200r/min时对钴浸出率的影响非常小,物料粒度、硫酸浓度和反应温度等因素对钴浸出率则有较大影响;当反应温度为80℃,反应时间为180min,原料粒度为(0.074～0.100)mm,H2SO4浓度为6mol/L,搅拌速度为800r/min,固液比为1:10时,钴的浸出率为94.2%,镍的浸出率则为93.5%;硫酸浸出镍钴渣的反应受产物层内扩散控制,表观活化能为16.34kJ/mol。     

废旧镍氢电池正极材料中镍和钴的回收

研究了在硫酸体系中回收废旧镍氢电池正极材料中的金属镍和钴. 用正交实验方法考察了浸出温度、浸出时间、硫酸初始浓度以及氧化剂用量对镍、钴浸出率的影响. 实验结果表明,各因素对镍和钴浸出率的影响程度排序均为:氧化剂用量>浸出时间>温度>硫酸初始浓度. 在实验得出的最佳浸出条件下,Co的浸出率为99.7%,Ni的浸出率为99.1%.     

两矿法浸出软锰矿的工艺与理论

对国内流行的黄铁矿－软锰矿两矿法硫酸浸出软锰矿工艺进行了研究．结果表明，在一般的工艺条件下，锰浸出率较低，延长浸出时间对锰浸出率影响不大，而提高硫酸用量则使锰浸出率明显降低．此外，对该工艺过程的机理进行了分析，认为浸出过程中黄铁矿的氧化产物S0和SO竞争反应的并行存在，消耗了大量的黄铁矿，同时，强疏水性的元素硫S0的生成也阻碍了浸出反应的进一步进行，使实际浸出反应所需的黄铁矿量增加．     

粉煤灰纯碱煅烧熟料的铝浸出率研究

以山西朔州燃煤电厂高铝粉煤灰为对象,研究了煅烧温度为880℃,保温90 min条件下,粉煤灰纯碱煅烧后熟料在硫酸溶液中的铝浸出条件,揭示了铝浸出过程的动力学机制。研究结果表明,H2SO4溶液的浓度在7~9 mol/L之间,固液比(g/L)为1∶4、浸取时间在30~40 min之间、浸取温度在70~90℃之间时,可获得较高的氧化铝浸出率;H2SO4溶液浓度与浸取温度对氧化铝浸出率影响较大,浸取时间对浸出率影响不明显。煅烧熟料浸出过程符合液-固多相反应的内扩散控制模型,反应表观活化能为7.65 k J/mol.     

臭氧-过氧化氢联合浸出方铅矿

在盐酸溶液中,以臭氧和过氧化氢为氧化剂、三氯化铁为助浸剂联合浸出方铅矿精矿制备氯化铅,考察各种操作参数对铅浸出率的影响.实验结果表明:搅拌速率为500r/min、氯化钠初始质量浓度为250g/L、反应温度为90℃、反应时间为180min、三氯化铁初始质量浓度为259/L、过氧化氢初始质量浓度为6.669/L、盐酸初始浓度为0.3mol/L、臭氧进口氧气流量为1.0L/min是臭氧-过氧化氢联合浸出方铅矿的最佳操作参数,此时铅的浸出率达99.5％,产物氯化铅纯度达99.6％.     

锌焙砂浸出锌、铁试验研究

为了合理开发利用锌冶金中副产铁酸锌,开发低成本短流程的节能降耗型铁酸锌制备新工艺,以广西某地冶炼厂锌焙砂为原料,采用硫酸浸出工艺,通过单因素实验,研究了硫酸初始浓度、液固比、搅拌速度、浸出温度及浸出时间等因素对锌、铁浸出效果的影响规律。结果表明,硫酸初始浓度、液固比、浸出温度和浸出时间对锌、铁的浸出影响较大;制备铁酸锌的最佳条件:硫酸初始浓度100 g/L、液固比6∶1、搅拌速度400 r/min、浸出温度75℃和浸出时间120 min。     

Reductive leaching of manganese from low-grade pyrolusite ore in sulfuric acid using pyrolysis-pretreated sawdust as a reductant

Manganese (Mn) leaching and recovery from low-grade pyrolusite ore were studied using sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) as a leachant and pyrolysis-pretreated sawdust as a reductant. The effects of the dosage of pyrolysis-pretreated sawdust to pyrolusite ore, the concentration of sulfuric acid, the liquid/solid ratio, the leaching temperature, and the leaching time on manganese and iron leaching efficiencies were investigated. Analysis of manganese and iron leaching efficiencies revealed that a high manganese leaching efficiency was achieved with low iron extraction. The optimal leaching efficiency was determined to be 20wt% pyrolysis-pretreated sawdust and 3.0 mol/L H₂SO₄ using a liquid/ solid ratio of 6.0 mL/g for 90 min at 90℃. Other low-grade pyrolusite ores were tested, and the results showed that they responded well with manganese leaching efficiencies greater than 98%.     

硫酸中香蕉皮还原低品位锰矿的浸出行为及动力学模型

Manganese was leached from a low-grade manganese ore (LGMO) using banana peel as the reductant in a dilute sulfuric acid medium. The effects of banana peel amount, H₂SO₄ concentration, reaction temperature, and time on Mn leaching from the complex LGMO were studied. A leaching efficiency of ~98% was achieved at a leaching time of 2 h, banana peel amount of 4 g, leaching temperature of 120°C, manganese ore amount of 5 g, and sulfuric acid concentration of 15vol%. The phase, microstructural, and chemical analyses of LGMO samples before and after the leaching process confirmed the successful leaching of manganese. Furthermore, the leaching process followed the shrinking core model and the leaching rate was controlled by a surface chemical reaction (1 ? (1 ? x)1/3 = kt) mechanism with an apparent activation energy of 40.19 kJ·mol?1.     

高碳镍钼矿催化氧化镍钼分离工艺条件

研究了高碳镍钼矿催化氧化分离的工艺方法,并对工艺条件进行了探讨.通过单因素实验确定了高碳镍钼矿镍、钼分离的最佳条件：当硫酸浓度为15%,软锰矿的过量系数为20%,液固比3∶1,反应时间6 h,反应温度95 ℃,催化剂C与镍的质量比为4.4时,镍的浸出率可达到95.84%,钼的浸出率仅3.74%,钼主要以钼酸的形式富集于渣中,实现了镍、钼的初步分离.     

氧化铝赤泥酸浸提取镓的新工艺研究

研究了拜耳法赤泥硫酸浸出镓的过程。硫酸浸出镓的溶液,用氢氧化钠反应生成沉淀,再用盐酸溶解沉淀提取镓的过程。采用正交试验考察浸出过程中温度、时间、液固比、浓度对镓浸出率的影响的主次顺序以及最佳条件。结果表明,该方法比单纯用盐酸浸出镓的浸出率高。镓的高浸出率是保证高的回收率的基础。     

Sulfuric acid leaching of high iron-bearing zinc calcine

Sulfuric acid leaching of high iron-bearing zinc calcine was investigated to assess the effects of sulfuric acid concentration, liquid-to-solid ratio, leaching time, leaching temperature, and the stirring speed on the leaching rates of zinc and iron. The results showed that the sulfuric acid concentration, liquid-to-solid ratio, leaching time, and leaching temperature strongly influenced the leaching of zinc and iron, whereas stirring speed had little influence. Zinc was mainly leached and the leaching rate of iron was low when the sulfuric acid concentration was less than 100 g/L. At sulfuric acid concentrations higher than 100 g/L, the leaching rate of iron increased quickly with increasing sulfuric acid concentration. This behavior is attributed to iron-bearing minerals such as zinc ferrite in zinc calcine dissolving at high temperatures and high sulfuric acid concentrations but not at low temperatures and low sulfuric acid concentrations.     

锗烟尘中氧化锌浸出过程动力学研究

对锗烟尘中氧化锌酸浸的动力学和反应机制进行了研究。结果表明,锗烟尘中氧化锌酸浸属于生成固体产物层的“未反应核缩减型”模型,动力学方程遵从1—2α／3-(1-α)^2／3=kt,锗烟尘中氧化锌酸浸的反应为一级反应,其表现活化能11．442kJ／mol,浸出过程为扩散步骤所控制。提高酸的浓度、温度、搅拌强度均可加快锌浸出速度,提高浸出率。     

用硫酸亚铁浸出同时沉淀铁矾法处理低品位锰矿

研究了用硫酸亚铁浸出同时沉淀黄钠铁矾的方法处理低品位软锰矿的过程．在该过程中,软锰矿中的ＭｎＯ２被还原成ＭｎＳＯ４同时ＦｅＳＯ４被氧化并以黄钠铁矾的形态沉淀．沉淀产生的酸可直接用于ＭｎＯ２浸出．考察了硫酸、硫酸亚铁和硫酸钠的加入量及温度等参数对锰浸出和沉铁效率的影响．讨论了过程动力学．实验结果表明,锰浸出率和沉铁效率（质量分数）在最佳条件下可分别达到９６％和９２％．     

LiCoO2的化学分解浸取过程

废旧锂离子电池中钴的含量较高．钴具有较强的毒性,且资源稀少．为此,研究了废旧锂离子电池的湿法回收工艺过程,并分析了废旧锂离子电池中钴和锂在硫酸溶液中的漫取过程动力学．采用了解体电池塑料外壳、钢壳、正负极材料、N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)分离铝箔与正极活性材料以及硫酸浸取钴与锂的回收工艺．结果表明,铝片的回收率接近100％,钴和锂的浸取率均超过99．6％,同时分析了漫取过程中的工艺参数对钴和锂的漫取率的影响．     

Decomposition mechanism of chromite in sulfuric acid-dichromic acid solution

The sulfuric acid leaching process is regarded as a promising, cleaner method to prepare trivalent chromium products from chromite; however, the decomposition mechanism of the ore is poorly understood. In this work, binary spinels of Mg-Al, Mg-Fe, and Mg-Cr in the powdered and lump states were synthesized and used as raw materials to investigate the decomposition mechanism of chromite in sulfuric acid-dichromic acid solution. The leaching yields of metallic elements and the changes in morphology of the spinel were studied. The experimental results showed that the three spinels were stable in sulfuric acid solution and that dichromic acid had little influence on the decomposition behavior of the Mg-Al spinel and Mg-Fe spinel because Mg2+, Al3+, and Fe3+ in spinels cannot be oxidized by Cr6+. However, in the case of the Mg-Cr spinel, dichromic acid substantially promoted the decomposition efficiency and functioned as a catalyst. The decomposition mechanism of chromite in sulfuric acid-dichromic acid solution was illustrated on the basis of the findings of this study.