基于局域表面等离子体共振特性的高灵敏度凝血酶检测

用核酸适体修饰的纳米金共振散射光谱探针可实现对微纳空间内凝血酶的特异性识别与检测.提出了一种基于局域表面等离子体共振-暗场显微光谱联用技术的分析方法,研究了局域在金纳米粒子表面的生物分子的识别过程对局域表面等离子体共振散射光谱的影响.研究了单颗粒纳米粒子的形貌特征,实现了单分子层面上生物分子识别过程的追踪.     

等离子体增强纳米金刚石荧光特性研究

金刚石纳米颗粒(Nanodimonds)具有大的比表面积、发光稳定、无毒性、固态量子比特等特性的惰性纳米材料,因此被广泛应用于生物医学、生物传感、生物成像、材料科学、核磁共振等领域,本文利用等离子体共振技术,结合纳米胶体金材料实现金刚石纳米颗粒的荧光增强特性的研究,得到Raman和荧光增强因子分别达到29.08和28.26,为进一步研究金刚石纳米颗粒作为生物荧光探针提供研究基础。     

CuO纳米颗粒对鲤鱼的急性毒性作用研究

随着纳米材料的广泛应用,纳米颗粒可以通过许多途径进入水生生态系统并对其中的生物产生潜在的影响,最终对人类的健康产生危害。CuO纳米颗粒对水生生物食物链上主要的代表生物均有毒性。CuO纳米颗粒(10nm)对鲤鱼的96h急性毒性作用研究表明,CuO纳米颗粒对鲤鱼的毒性随浓度的增加而增加,但其毒性作用不明显。鲤鱼暴露于CuO纳米颗粒之后会发生行为异常,主要表现在浮力控制异常、活性降低和粘液分泌增加。     

金纳米颗粒修饰酶生物电极检测亚硝酸盐

制备了一种新型的金纳米颗粒修饰的酶生物电极,用于电化学定量分析检测亚硝酸盐。将碳纸(CP)作为基底,以金纳米颗粒(Au NPs)作为基底修饰材料,通过聚多巴胺(PDA)的媒介作用将细胞色素C还原酶(CcR)固定在Au NPs修饰的CP电极表面来制备酶生物电极。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能谱仪(EDS)、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)对电极的表面形貌、元素组成和电化学性能进行了表征分析。通过CcR对亚硝酸盐的特异性识别及催化作用实现了亚硝酸盐的电化学检测。实验结果表明:CcR/PDA/Au NPs/CP酶生物电极被成功制备,Au NPs的修饰和PDA的媒介作用可以保持CcR的高反应活性并提高电极的稳定性。制备的酶生物电极具有良好的催化活性,电极的还原峰电流密度与较宽浓度范围内的亚硝酸盐(10 mM～100 mM)有着良好的线性关系,线性相关系数为0.998,检测限为2.006 mM(S/N=3),成功实现对亚硝酸盐的检测。     

CeO2纳米颗粒对A549细胞的保护作用

探讨了CeO2纳米颗粒对体外培养的人肺腺癌细胞A549的生物效应.使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对CeO2纳米颗粒进行了表征,采用噻唑蓝比色法测定了不同质量浓度CeO2纳米颗粒悬液对A549细胞活性的影响,对其抗氧化能力进行了检测,并且测定了30 nm CeO2作用24 h后细胞中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽(G...     

SWCNTs猝灭CdTe量子点荧光纳米传感体系测定凝血酶

本文利用单壁碳纳米管(SWCNTs)对凝血酶(Thrombin)适配体功能化的CdTe量子点的荧光猝灭作用及凝血酶适配体与SWCNTs相互作用的机理,通过体系中凝血酶存在与否及凝血酶浓度的高低来调控量子点荧光强度的大小,建立荧光纳米传感体系,从而实现对凝血酶的检测.     

高分子稳定的水溶性铂氧化物纳米颗粒的制备

利用铂氯化物的水解反应,制备出聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)稳定的水溶性二氧化铂纳米颗粒.此法所得的产物颗粒小,粒径分布窄,稳定,室温下放置几个月无沉淀.用紫外-可见光谱检测纳米颗粒的形成过程,用X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对样品的成分、形貌、尺寸进行了表征,并考察了PVP的浓度以及体系的酸碱度对形成二氧化铂颗粒粒径的影响.     

新型凝血酶电化学传感器的制备

制备了金纳米粒子-核酸适体/凝血酶/巯基六醇修饰的金电极,测试了该修饰电极检测凝血酶含量的性能指标.利用电化学技术研究了电极的构造对检测凝血酶含量的影响,探究了最佳实验条件.研究结果表明,在最佳的实验条件下构筑的修饰电极检测凝血酶的线性范围为1.0～10.0 nmol/L,检测限为0.2 nmol/L,并模拟了实际样品进行检测.该方法简便迅速,有较高的检测灵敏度、较好的重复性和抗干扰性.     

纳米流式检测技术的研发、应用及前景

针对生命科学、生物医药、纳米科技等领域日益增长的单粒子水平纳米颗粒表征需求,本课题组将瑞利散射和鞘流单分子荧光检测技术结合,成功研发了纳米流式检测技术(nano-flow cytometry,nFCM),实现单个纳米颗粒(7～500nm)以及细胞外囊泡、病毒、细菌、亚细胞器等天然生物纳米颗粒的粒径及其分布、颗粒浓度和生物化学性状的高灵敏、高选择性、高通量检测.本文对nFCM研发的重要性、挑战及如何实现超灵敏检测进行探讨,对基于该技术所发展的一系列生化分析新技术和方法进行综述,并对nFCM的应用前景进行展望.     

溶剂蒸发法制备支化聚合物基疏水药物纳米颗粒

文章研究了在有机溶剂(如乙醇)中,通过溶剂蒸发制备疏水性药物纳米颗粒的方法及制备的纳米材料。以具有生物相容性的支化聚(乙二醇)-b-(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)聚合物纳米为支架,装载不同疏水药物,经过溶剂蒸发,得到稳定的纳米药物,同时能很方便地溶解在水中得到水性药物纳米颗粒分散体。研究表明:疏水性药物纳米颗粒中,酮洛芬药物纳米颗粒(Dh≈200nm),可以在溶液中稳定保存9个月;当药物与聚合物质量比为0.33∶1时产率可达96%,质量比为1∶1时产率可达到80%。采用透射电子显微镜(transmission electron microscope,TEM)、动态光散射仪(dynamic light scattering,DLS)表征了药物纳米的尺度和结构。     

等离子体纳米结构Fano谐振的Q值计算研究

具有Fano谐振的表面等离子体纳米结构因其独特的光学特性及应用潜力,受到了广泛的关注和研究.品质因子（Q值）是谐振模式电磁存储能力的一个重要评价指标,本文从定义出发得到了Q值的时域拟合公式,并结合时域有限差分方法对典型金属纳米结构以及Fano谐振各特征模式的Q值展开研究;此外,还使用了较为简单方便的频域半高宽公式对上述结构进行了Q值计算.通过对比两种方法得到的结果,我们发现尽管频域半高宽公式能够适用于简单的金属纳米结构谐振模式Q值计算,但是在处理Fano谐振的Q值时将会带来较大的误差,有些情况下甚至极大地偏离实际值导致计算结果失去意义.,而本文中采用的时域拟合Q值公式从谐振模式的本质出发,不受结构响应谱线型的影响,适用于各种情况下对谐振模式Q值的准确计算.     

Single scattering particles based analytical techniques

Single scattering particles,especially noble metal(plasmonic) nanoparticles,based analytical techniques are attractive recently and becoming the research focus of the light scattering analytical techniques.In this mini review,we summarize the single scattering particles based analytical techniques in the past decade including single scattering particles counting,single plasmonic nanoparticles sensing,and single plasmonic nanoparticles tracking/imaging.We emphasize the discussion on the single plasmonic nanoparticles sensing that combines with dark-field microscopy and resonant Rayleigh scattering spectroscopy.     

Quantum plasmon resonances of individual metallic nanoparticles

The plasmon resonances of metallic nanoparticles have received considerable attention for their applications in nanophotonics, biology, sensing, spectroscopy and solar energy harvesting. Although thoroughly characterized for spheres larger than ten nanometres in diameter, the plasmonic properties of particles in the quantum size regime have been historically difficult to describe owing to weak optical scattering, metal-ligand interactions, and inhomogeneity in ensemble measurements. Such difficulties have precluded probing and controlling the plasmonic properties of quantum-sized particles in many natural and engineered processes, notably catalysis. Here we investigate the plasmon resonances of individual ligand-free silver nanoparticles using aberration-corrected transmission electron microscope (TEM) imaging and monochromated scanning TEM electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). This technique allows direct correlation between a particle's geometry and its plasmon resonance. As the nanoparticle diameter decreases from 20 nanometres to less than two nanometres, the plasmon resonance shifts to higher energy by 0.5 electronvolts, a substantial deviation from classical predictions. We present an analytical quantum mechanical model that describes this shift due to a change in particle permittivity. Our results highlight the quantum plasmonic properties of small metallic nanospheres, with direct application to understanding and exploiting catalytically active and biologically relevant nanoparticles.     

The plasmonic coupling of metal nanoparticles and its implication for scanning near-field optical microscope characterization

Researchers at State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Department of Physics, Peking University （PKU）, have recently shown that an otherwise forbidden longitudinal surface plasmon mode of a gold nanorod can be excited by normally incident linearly-polarized light if it is coupled with a nanoparticle with proper plasmonic resonant frequency, volume, and composition.     

不对称纳米环/椭球二聚体的高阶表面等离激元共振特性

基于三维有限元法,研究了不对称纳米环/椭球二聚体的表面等离激元共振和局域场增强光学特性。结果可得可调的高阶表面等离激元共振,这样的高阶共振源于纳米环和纳米椭球之间的等离激元耦合。同时,在两个纳米结构耦合下,在纳米椭球上可以观察到环形电流,其产生了增强的局域电磁场。数值模拟结果表明,纳米环/椭球二聚体的偏心方向和偏心率对表面等离激元共振有着重要的影响。此结果在表面增强光谱学和生物传感方面都有着潜在的应用。     

Au纳米耦合结构表面等离激元的EELS分析

应用透射电子显微镜中电子能量损失谱仪(TEM-EELS),对电子束激发的单晶Au纳米线耦合结构及单晶/多晶纳米薄膜的表面等离激元(SPs)特征进行分析.结果表明:直径约为10 nm的两单晶Au纳米线平行耦合时,单根纳米线和耦合结构中均存在位于2.4 eV 的SPs共振,耦合结构中SPs的纵模数增加;单晶及多晶Au纳米薄膜在1.4 eV附近存在SPs模式,相较于单晶薄膜,多晶Au纳米薄膜的SPs共振峰位出现明显红移.     

DNA-based self-assembly of chiral plasmonic nanostructures with tailored optical response

Matter structured on a length scale comparable to or smaller than the wavelength of light can exhibit unusual optical properties. Particularly promising components for such materials are metal nanostructures, where structural alterations provide a straightforward means of tailoring their surface plasmon resonances and hence their interaction with light. But the top-down fabrication of plasmonic materials with controlled optical responses in the visible spectral range remains challenging, because lithographic methods are limited in resolution and in their ability to generate genuinely three-dimensional architectures. Molecular self-assembly provides an alternative bottom-up fabrication route not restricted by these limitations, and DNA- and peptide-directed assembly have proved to be viable methods for the controlled arrangement of metal nanoparticles in complex and also chiral geometries. Here we show that DNA origami enables the high-yield production of plasmonic structures that contain nanoparticles arranged in nanometre-scale helices. We find, in agreement with theoretical predictions, that the structures in solution exhibit defined circular dichroism and optical rotatory dispersion effects at visible wavelengths that originate from the collective plasmon-plasmon interactions of the nanoparticles positioned with an accuracy better than two nanometres. Circular dichroism effects in the visible part of the spectrum have been achieved by exploiting the chiral morphology of organic molecules and the plasmonic properties of nanoparticles, or even without precise control over the spatial configuration of the nanoparticles. In contrast, the optical response of our nanoparticle assemblies is rationally designed and tunable in handedness, colour and intensity-in accordance with our theoretical model.     

Plasmonic Bloch oscillations and resonant Zener tunneling in subwavelength metal-dielectric-air waveguide superlattices

In this paper,we study the propagation properties of surface plasmon polaritons in plasmonic single-cavity superlattices and two-cavity superlattices which are composed of two kinds of alternately stacked subwavelength metal-dielectric-air waveguides with large dispersion.Theoretical predictions of plasmonic time-resolved Bloch oscillations existing in single-cavity superlat-tices and resonant Zener tunneling(ZT) occurring in two-cavity superlattices by the transfer matrix method(TMM) are well dem-onstrated by the numerical simulations on the propagation of SPPs pulse in the two kinds of superlattices by the finite-difference time-domain(FDTD) method.The two proposed superlattices can be conveniently fabricated by present nanotechnology,and the study may promote the realization of plasmonic BO and resonant ZT in nanoscale devices experimentally.     

经纤维支气管镜灌注纤维蛋白原、凝血酶治疗咯血的疗效观察

目的 旨在为临床治疗咯血寻求更有效的方法及药物,方法 将83例患者随机分成4组,组1经纤维支气管镜(FB)局部灌注纤维蛋白原+凝血酶;组2经FB局部灌注凝血酶;组3予垂体后叶素+常规止血药(止血敏、止血芳酸)静脉滴注;组4予常规止血药静脉滴注。结果 统计学检验显示,4种治疗方法疗效差别有显著性(P=0.0001)。组1、组2的治疗方法优于组3、组4(P<0.05)。而组1较组2疗效更优(P=0.05)。结论 经FB局部灌注凝血药物的止血效果优于静脉用药;经FB灌注纤维蛋白原+凝血酶比单用凝血酶的止血效果更显著。