羽毛球运动员高远球技术动作上肢肌肉肌电分析

为了探讨高校高水平羽毛球运动员在做正、反手高远球技术动作时上肢主要肌肉(三角肌、背阔肌、腹外斜肌、肱二头肌、尺桡肌)的肌力特征。运用美国Delsys公司生产的无线GPS表面肌电测试仪对体育学院羽毛球运动员上肢主要肌肉进行了测试分析。结果表明:1)高远球技术动作参与运动的上肢肌肉发力最早的是三角肌、腹外斜肌和胸大肌,做功最大的是三角肌、肱二头肌和尺桡肌;反手高远球技术动作参与运动的上肢肌肉发力最早的是三角肌和背阔肌、腹外斜肌,做工最大的是三角肌、背阔肌和肱二头肌。2)无论是正手还是反手高远球技术动作,三角肌均为主要发力肌,做功最大,发力时间也最早。     

基于表面肌电信号的绝缘手套法带电作业人员上肢肌肉疲劳分析

绝缘手套法是配网带电作业的主要作业方式,为获取穿戴绝缘手套的带电作业人员上肢肌肉的疲劳特性及其诱发的肌肉骨骼系统疾患(work-related musculoskeletal disorders,WMSDs)的风险,开展了基于表面肌电信号(surface electromyogra-phy,sEMG)的绝缘手套法带电作业人员上肢肌肉疲劳评估研究.针对配网绝缘手套法的典型作业工况,搭建了绝缘手套法带电作业上肢的sEMG试验平台,采集受试者上肢(右手)各目标肌肉在是否穿戴绝缘手套下的sEMG信号;基于时域特征参数积分肌电值(integrated electromyography,IEMG)、均方根值(root mean square,RMS)及频域特征参数平均功率频率(mean power frequency,MPF)、中位频率(median frequency,MDF)对绝缘手套的上肢肌肉疲劳特征进行评估;基于支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)构建了带电作业人员上肢肱桡肌疲劳状态识别模型.结果表明:穿戴绝缘手套作业时各目标肌肉更容易进入疲劳状态;穿戴绝缘手套作业时,作业人员上肢部位的肱桡肌、肱二头肌、肱三头肌、三角肌的疲劳程度依次递减,与仿真计算的分析结果一致;sEMG时域特征参数IEMG、RMS对作业人员上肢肌肉疲劳的表征效果要优于频域特征参数MPF和MDF;带电作业人员上肢肱桡肌疲劳状态识别模型总体平均准确率为86.56％,能有效识别上肢肱桡肌肌肉疲劳状态.     

前臂外侧皮神经替代桡神经浅支一例

前臂外侧皮神经替代桡神经浅支,此类变异罕见。笔者在制做标本时,发现右侧桡神经浅支缺如,该神经所分布的区域被肌皮神经的前臂外侧皮神经所代替。现报道如下:男性,约75岁,身长155cm,双上肢对称等长,左侧臂丛各分支走行正常,右侧肌皮神经的各图1　前臂外侧皮神经替代桡神经浅支示意图肌支走行正常,前臂外侧皮神经由肌皮神经分出后(见图1),在距肱骨外上髁平面的上方1.50cm处穿出深筋膜至皮下,该神经的起始部最宽径为2.91mm,经前臂的后外侧下行,在行程中先后分出三支到达手背桡侧两个半指背面的皮肤。第一支,最宽径2.10mm,在前臂的后外侧距桡…     

胸腰段柱体结核病清术术式改进的操作要点及治疗体会

自1982－1995年我院共收胸腰椎结核908例。其中的768例780次手术采取了经胸12腰1横突进入病灶的方法，取得了良好的效果。1临床资料908例中完全瘫痪45例，不完全瘫痪64例。采用此种病情手术方法768例780人次（12例2次手术）减压术109例，术中损伤胸我膜6例。采取经第12肋床或肋下腹膜后进入病灶的31例，术中损伤的胸膜3例。2操作要点切口起自胸棘突旁3－4cm向下沿第12肋下纷至腋后线的弧形切口，切开皮肤，皮下组织，拉开骶棘肌。切除第12肋（或第12助骨1段），拔出第12肋骨小头。剪开腰1横突头尖附着的韧带，以骨膜肃离器紧贴腰1横突前面的…     

依据整形原则的甲状腺手术改良

目的 在进行甲状腺手术时,按照整形外科的基本原则(无菌、无创(微创)设计手术步骤,牵开解剖间隙显露病灶,不损伤功能组织,减少并发症,最大限度的恢复形态和功能.方法 手术采用针刺穴位注药配合局部浸润麻醉,胸骨柄切迹上2.5cm横切口两端达胸锁乳突肌外缘,上下分离颈阔肌肌皮瓣范围5~6cm间隙分离胸锁乳突肌外缘,纵行切开颈白线,牵开甲状腺前肌肉,显露甲状腺.术毕创腔行多孔细硅胶管引流,整形美容的方法缝合切口.结果 :本组病例术中出血10-20ml,术野清晰,显露良好,无术后大出血,无颈前肌肉萎缩及皮肤粘连,术后一年,颈部形态良好.结论 :大范围分离颈阔肌肌皮瓣.不切断甲状腺前肌群,用整形美容方法缝合切口,术后无粘连及肌肉萎缩.牵开肌间隙,不损伤功能组织,可以有良好的显露.     

前臂骨间背侧神经分支规律与临床治疗对策

探讨了前臂骨间背侧神经（posterior interosseous nervus,pIN）的分支规律及其在临床对伸肌腱损伤的影响。在24例成人尸体上,通过前臂背侧切口进入,找到穿出该肌深浅头出口之间的pIN。对pIN各分支距起点的距离及pIN支配各伸肌肌支的数目等进行观测。pIN有3处主要分支点：pIN近端：pIN分支至指伸肌肌支（3±1）、尺侧腕伸肌肌支（4±1）处,距pIN出口（24±3）mm,其中指伸肌肌支28例（47%）位于近侧,32例（53%）位于远侧;pIN中端：pIN分支至指伸肌肌支（3±1）、拇短伸肌肌支（1±1）、拇长展肌肌支（2＋1）、小指伸肌肌支（2±1）处,距pIN出口（47±3）mm;pIN远端：pIN分支至拇短伸肌肌支（1±1）,拇长展肌肌支（2±1）,拇长伸肌（2±1）,示指固有伸肌（2±1）处,距pIN出口（81±3）mm。24例中23例获随访,平均随访14个月,3例pIN或其分支损伤完全恢复,最快恢复时间为2个月。pIN分支复杂但有规律可循,其不同节段的损伤产生不同的临床表现,对指导临床治疗有积极的意义。     

关节水平的“共驱动”研究

本文以主动肌和拮抗肌的协同作用机理为依据,从表面肌电(EMG)信号的频率参数和肌肉平均传导速度两个方面,对近年来提出的正常人体神经肌肉系统控制的新理论——“共驱动”概念,在关节水平上进行了探讨和研究,实验结果表明:膝关节的主动肌和拮抗肌在持续恒力收缩下,其表面EMG信号功率谱的归一化中值频率随着时间的增加而同时下降;两路EMG信号的归一化中值频率之间的互相关系数随着收缩力的减小而减小,肘关节的肱二头肌不论是作为主动肌还是拮抗肌,在持续恒力收缩下,由表面EMG信号估计得到的肌肉的平均传导速度均随着收缩时间的增加而下降;肱二头肌作为拮抗肌时,平均传导速度明显高于其作为主动肌时的平均传导速度。     

甲状腺上动脉和喉上神经的应用解剖

为甲状腺手术中结扎甲状腺上动脉时防止喉上神经损伤提供形态学依据 ,对 86例甲状腺上动脉和喉上神经的发出、走行、分支、分布和两者的伴行关系进行了解剖观测 ,结果发现 ,(1)甲状腺上动脉 84 88%起自颈外动脉 ,起始处外径为 2 2± 0 8(1 1～ 3 4)mm ,起始点至甲状腺上极的长度为 (3 1± 1 3)cm .(2 )喉上神经均起自迷走神经下神经节 ,起始处横径为 (2 0± 0 4)mm ,在舌骨大角处分为内支和外支 ,外支在甲状腺上极上方 (0 9± 0 4)cm处与甲状腺上动脉分离 .(3)在上、中段甲状腺上动脉与喉上神经密切伴行 ,在下段上部分离 ,喉上神经外支入环甲肌点在平甲状腺上极处相距 (7± 3)mm .可见 ,施甲状腺手术结扎甲状腺上动脉宜在甲状腺侧叶上极或在甲状腺实质内进行 ,可有效避免喉上神经的损伤     

融合弹性腔与弹性管模型的上肢血管系统建模仿真

针对弹性管模型适用于模拟大中型动脉血管,不适用于模拟微小型动脉血管问题,对人体上肢血管系统建立一种弹性管与弹性腔融合模型,从而提高其模型的精度.首先分别在肱-桡动脉段建立弹性管模型,在桡-指动脉段建立弹性腔模型;然后在两模型的接触面处应用血管压力和血液流量的连续性原理,建立二者联系,导出融合模型;最后对比分析弹性管模型和弹性管与弹性腔融合模型的仿真性能.在PRD,H1,H2,t1和t 2评价指标下,弹性管与弹性腔融合模型(PRD:(4.0±2.0)%;t1:(2.5±1.7)%;t2:(3.1±1.9)%;H1:(1.9±2.1)%;H2:(1.3±1.3)%)的仿真波形和实测波形误差均低于弹性管模型(PRD:(16.5±8.3)%;t1:(3.4±2.4)%;t2:(4.5±3.7)%;H1:(22.1±14.9)%;H2:(19.7±15.3)%).结果表明,弹性管与弹性腔融合模型能够更精确地模拟人体上肢血管系统的生理状态.     

桡神经切断术对鸟类飞翔能力影响的研究

研究了桡神经主干和分支切断术对家鸽和斑鸠飞翔能力的影响.试验结果表明,切断桡神经主干和切断桡神经分支(前翼膜背侧神经和前臂背侧皮神经总干)后,鸟类的精神状态和体型外貌均正常;桡神经主干切断术可限制鸟类飞翔,单侧桡神经切断术的限飞效果优于双侧.故认为在臂中部切断桡神经主干用于限制飞翔的手术是行之有效的,且单侧优于双侧;桡神经分支切断术可降低飞翔能力,但不能完全限制飞翔.桡神经主干切断术,手术简单、便于操作、效果良好,对于野生鸟类(特别是动物园内观赏的野生鸟类)的饲养具有一定的应用价值.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with