基于MATLAB的6R机器人逆运动学求解分析

本文通过D-H方法建立6R机器人坐标模型,将机器人末端执行器位姿~0T_h逆解问题转化为末端腕部点位姿~0T_6的逆解问题,排除~0T_h中含常量d_6的多项式,大大简化了求运动学逆解的复杂度。通过反变换法求得6R机器人逆解,提出以"最短行程+关节运动同向"为原则确定机器人最优逆解的方法,可以降低机器人运动能量消耗,同时减少关节运动换向,提高机器人运行稳定性和可靠性。利用MATLAB进行编程,设置6R机器人"关节加权系数"及"关节运动同向加权系数",对上述运动学逆解求解及优化方法进行了验证,说明该分析方法是有效性的。     

6R机器人的几何求逆算法

为了提高机器人逆解运算的精度与速度,提出了一种几何求逆算法。该几何求逆算法首先是将机器人简化为具有刚性特征的连杆机构,并将机器人的工作范围划分为四个象限区且通过几何运算求得机器人位姿与各个关节角度之间的关系,然后利用机构的刚性特征以及机器人的作业要求确定各个象限区中的逆解函数,最后通过已确定的逆解函数求得机器人关节角度的时间函数。文章以ER10L—CIO机器人为例,验证了算法的正确性与实用性,证实了算法在计算精度和运算速度方面所体现的优越性。     

遥操作系统中MOTOMAN-SV3X机器人的运动建模研究

研究了遥操作系统中MOTOMAN-SV3X机器人的运动学模型及使之通用化的建模方法．首先提出用符合人们习惯的方法规定各机器人关节坐标系的方向，可以使得用Denavit-Hartenberg方法建立的MOTOMAN-SV3X机器人运动学模型有通用性和可移植性；提出当机器人3个相邻且正交的关节轴线交于一点时，逆解运算可以有简捷的运算方法，并用这种方法求得了MOTOMAN-SV3X机器人的运动逆解．最后分析了这种机器人的工作空间．本文所得公式不仅适用于MOTOMAN-SV3X，也可直接移植到与之有相同自由度布局的机器人，而本文的方法则可更广泛地用于各种类型的机器人.     

凿岩机器人钻臂的运动学研究

为实现凿岩机器人钻臂在凿岩过程中的自动定位,建立了多关节钻臂的运动学方程;根据钻臂的实际工作特点和工作范围提出了一种求逆解的方法．运算结果表明,该方法可以成功地实现快速、精确求解,具有较高的实用价值．     

一种焊接机器人运动学分析新方法

提出了一种焊接机器人的运动学新方法.基于共形几何代数框架内的刚体运动表达,求解了焊接机器人的运动学正解.采用几何体外积运算获得了各关节点位置;通过几何体的内积运算以及简单的代数计算,获得了各关节角符号形式的余弦表达,从而获得该机器人运动学逆解的所有解析解.最后,以一种焊接机器人运动学为数字实例对新算法进行验证.结果表明,方法几何直观性好,计算简洁.     

基于分块矩阵的6R机器人实时逆解算法

为提高6R机器人逆运动学求解的强实时性,提出了一种基于分块矩阵相乘来求解逆运动学的方法。将复杂的6个矩阵方程转换为含有6个未知变量的8个纯代数方程来进行求解,并在方程简化过程中引用符号运算预处理,避免了大量浮点运算带来累积误差。通过方程组的优化,可避免第3关节变量求解中产生增根的情况。试验结果表明,在同等精度要求下,该逆解算法相比于其他算法具有更强的实时性,得到精确的8组封闭解平均仅需0.009 7 ms,能够满足机器人的在线控制要求。     

基于Matlab的六自由度工业机器人运动学逆解分析及仿真

在Matlab环境下对六自由度工业机器人进行运动学逆解研究,以ER7B-C10机器人为研究对象,使用D-H法进行各关节坐标系建立及参数设计,推导出正运动学方程。鉴于目前应用较为广泛的解析法求逆解仍然存在不足之处,运用几何法求解逆运动方程,在Matlab中利用Robotics Toolbox搭建仿真结构,直接调用Robotics Toolbox工具箱中ikine函数。由于迭代过程的收敛性导致验证过程中存在无解或少解的情况,因此对所求逆解的可靠性增加验证设计来证明几何法求逆解方法可行。对机器人模型在空间轨迹及各关节的位移、速度和加速度等内容进行了仿真分析,结果验证了ER7B-C10机器人运动的可行性,为后续分析机器人动力学、轨迹规划提供了运动学参考。     

茄子采摘机器人运动学分析与工作空间仿真

为实现4自由度关节式茄子采摘机器人的精确控制,对其进行了运动学分析和工作空间仿真.利用Dellavit-Hartenberg方法建立了机器人运动学模型,得到了机器人的运动学正解;根据机器人的工作特点,采用简化的反变换法求解机器人运动学逆解.采用基于Matlab的数值解法求解了机器人的工作空间,并进行了仿真.工作空问仿真结果表明:设计开发的4自由度采摘机器人结构设计合理,能够满足温室栽培模式下茄子采摘的要求.     

一种6自由度关节机器人逆运动学共形几何代数法

为获得一种6R(R为转动副)焊接机器人运动学逆解,使用共形几何代数(CGA)对焊接机器人运动学进行研究.利用共形几何代数中基本几何元素的表达以及几何形体的内积和外积运算,获得了焊接机器人各关节点的位置;通过构造经过关节点的直线与直线以及平面与平面的内积,得出机器人所有关节转角余弦表达,从而获得了焊接机器人位置逆解所有解析解.最后,以一种空间6自由度关节机器人为例求解运动学逆解,结果表明,新方法正确有效,几何直观性好.     

可重组机器人运动学正逆解的自动生成

可重组模块机器人构形确定后,找出依序的连杆、关节模块,采用指数积（ＰＭＥ）法,自动生成运动学正方程转换成相对于固定坐标系的方程,找出规律,分布４个子问题,成功地运用ＰＭＥ法得到自动求模块机器人逆解的算法－逆运动学指数积（ＰＭＥＩ）法。Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ环境下正逆解的自动生成说明了该方法的可行性。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

<正>~~     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to