铋/硫掺杂活性炭的制备及其催化还原对硝基苯酚的活性

以硫掺杂的活性炭(AC)为载体,用浸渍法制备了Bi/AC-S催化剂。用X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)和热重分析仪(TGA)对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明硫主要以单质的形式均匀分散在AC中。测试了几种含硫量不同的催化剂的性能,以掺杂硫的AC为载体制备的催化剂活性和重复性均有明显提高,其中含硫量为8%的催化剂Bi/AC-8%S性能较好,重复使用8次活性基本不变。进一步考察硼氢化钠用量对反应的影响。在下列反应条件下:100 m L 2 mmol.L~(-1)的4-NP溶液,0.03 g Bi/8%S-AC,n(硼氢化钠)∶n(4-NP)=30∶1,反应温度为30℃,测定反应速率常数k为0.934 min~(-1)。     

CNT/CS/Ni复合材料的制备及催化性能研究

通过溶液共混法将碳纳米管超声分散到壳聚糖的醋酸水溶液中,然后过滤、烘干得到碳纳米管/壳聚糖复合材料。将该复合材料吸附金属镍离子后,并用NaBH4溶液还原制备碳纳米管/壳聚糖/镍的复合材料(CNT-CS-Ni),研究CNT-CS-Ni复合材料催化硼氢化钠(NaBH4)还原对硝基苯酚(4-NP)的反应活性。探讨硼氢化钠的量、反应温度、催化剂的量等因素对反应活性的影响。研究结果表明:CNT-CS-Ni对NaBH4催化还原对硝基苯酚的活化能为50.28kJ mol-1,活化焓为47.66 kJ mol-1和活化熵-99.84 J mol K-1。NaBH4还原对硝基苯酚的反应速率常数与CNT-CS-Ni的量近似成线性增大。     

多组分钼铋系催化剂的还原机理

通过全反射X射线荧光光谱分析(TXRF)和X射线衍射法(XRD)分析新鲜催化剂（MB98）的元素组成,主要元素以Bi₂Mo₃O₁₂,Bi₂MoO₆,FeMoO₄,CoMoO₄,NiMoO₄,MoO₃Fe₂Mo₃O₁₂ 的形式存在。通过XRD、拉曼光谱(Raman)和光电子能谱法(XPS)分析多组分钼铋系催化剂的还原机理,测定不同还原程度催化剂中Mo,Bi,Fe,Co,Ni的主要物相结构和离子价态分布。XRD和Raman测试结果表明：催化剂还原过程分4步反应序贯进行;Fe₂Mo₃O₁₂和(Fe/Co/Ni)MoO₄中的晶格氧通过体相扩散向钼酸铋迁移;催化剂的储氧能力不仅与钼酸铋有关,还与Fe₂Mo₃O₁₂和(Fe/Co/Ni)MoO₄有关。XPS测试结果表明：还原生成的FeMoO₄,MoO₂和Bi主要分布于催化剂体相;在还原过程中,元素Mo,Bi首先在催化剂表面富集,然后向体相迁移;元素Fe,Co,Ni由体相向表面迁移。     

催化剂Cu/PC-GO的制备及对4-NP的催化性能研究

开发具有良好催化还原活性的非贵金属催化剂用于对硝基苯酚(4-NP)的高效快速还原是目前研究的重点。以HKUST-1为牺牲模板剂,通过原位掺杂氧化石墨烯的方法成功地制备出多孔高活性的金属纳米复合材料Cu/PC-GO,并将其用于对硝基苯酚的高效快速还原。采用XRD、SEM、ASAP等手段对催化剂进行表征分析。结果表明,Cu/PC-GO复合催化剂具有活性组分丰富(Cu/CuO/Cu_2O),较大的比表面积(113.6 m~2/g)和孔体积(0.253 cm~3/g),以及较高的表面Cu含量(5.88%)等特征。研究发现,室温条件下,Cu/PC-GO可以实现对对硝基苯酚的快速完全还原,其反应速率是原始材料Cu/PC的17.5倍,而且其活化能也显著降低,由掺杂前的122.22 kJ/mol降至掺杂后的61.9 kJ/mol。可见,以HKUST-GO为前驱体,可以获得具有高催化活性的Cu/PC-GO复合催化剂,其在4-NP的还原过程中展示出良好的催化还原性能。     

SO42-/Bi2O3-Al2O3催化水合肼还原硝基苯制备苯胺

以 Bi(NO3)3和 AlCl3为原料,采用共沉淀法制备了固体酸催化剂 SO42-/Bi2O3-Al2O3.探讨了SO42-/Bi2O3-Al2O3催化水合肼还原硝基苯的催化活性.结果表明:催化剂中n(Bi):n(Al)=1:15,以10%的(NH4)2SO4浸渍所得的催化剂具有较高活性.红外光谱表明,催化剂中存在B酸中心,能有效地提高催化剂的性能.此还原方法反应条件温和,催化剂制备简单     

SO42-/Bi2O3-Al2O3催化水合肼还原硝基苯制备苯胺

以Bi(NO3)3和AlCl3为原料,采用共沉淀法制备了固体酸催化剂SO42-/Bi2O3-Al2O3。探讨了SO42-/Bi2O3-Al2O3催化水合肼还原硝基苯的催化活性。结果表明:催化剂中n(Bi):n(Al)=1:15,以10%的(NH4)2SO4浸渍所得的催化剂具有较高活性。红外光谱表明,催化剂中存在B酸中心,能有效地提高催化剂的性能。此还原方法反应条件温和,催化剂制备简单。     

钴对高硫合成气制甲硫醇负载型钼酸钾催化剂的促进作用

在不同载体的K2MoO4催化剂上高硫化氢合成气合成甲硫醇活性大小顺序为:SiO2>AC>CNTs>Al2O3;3种氧化物助剂对K2MoO4/SiO2催化剂的活性促进作用的大小顺序为:CoO>NiO2>Fe2O3;m(K2MoO4)∶m(CoO)∶m(SiO2)=5∶1∶20,催化剂生成甲硫醇得率为0.76g·h-1·g-1cat,比m(K2MoO4)∶m(SiO2)=1∶20催化剂高约1 5倍,两种催化剂的表观活化能分别为53.6kJ·mol-1和83.5kJ·mol-1.从ESR表征可观测到氧包围的"oxo Mo(V)"(g=1.93)和硫包围的"thio Mo(V)"(g=1.98)共振信号.在钼基催化剂中添加CoO后,"oxo Mo(V)"含量减少,而"thio Mo(V)"含量增加.钴的加入削弱了Mo O Si的相互作用,使Mo6+和"oxo Mo(V)"易被硫化还原为MoS2.     

Ru/ZrO2催化剂催化氨硼烷水解产氢研究

采用浸渍-化学还原法制备了Ru/ZrO_2催化剂,并考察了钌负载量、硼氢化钠的用量、还原温度以及反应条件对催化剂Ru/ZrO_2催化BH_3NH_3水解产氢的影响。结果表明,在钌的负载量为0.4%,钌与还原剂硼氢化钠的物质的量比为1∶1.6,还原温度为303 K时,Ru微晶尺寸为3.2 nm, Ru/ZrO_2催化剂催化BH_3NH_3水解产氢的转化频率TOF(turn over frequency)为38.4 mol/mol(Ru)·min。搅拌转速为450 r/min时,外扩散限制消除,产氢速率最大;产氢速率与催化剂用量成正比,氨硼烷水解产氢反应由催化剂界面反应控制;随着反应温度的升高,氨硼烷产氢速率系数增大,副产物偏硼酸钠越易从催化剂表面脱附,产氢速率越大。反应动力学计算表明Ru/ZrO_2催化剂催化BH_3NH_3水解产氢速率与氨硼烷浓度无关,活化能为66 kJ/mol。     

铈锆改性镍基催化剂制备及其甲烷三重整性能

文章采用共沉淀法制得铈、锆掺杂氧化铝载体,以浸渍法负载活性组分镍得到Ni/CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂,改善了CH4三重整反应的活性和稳定性。用EDS、XRD、BET、H2-TPR分别表征催化剂的组成、物相、比表面积和还原活性。考察了原料气组成n(CH4)∶n(CO2)∶n(H2O)∶n(O2)=1∶0.5∶0.5∶0.1时,催化剂在750℃、0.1MPa下对CH4三重整的稳定性及积碳性能。结果表明:ZrO2掺杂提高了催化剂的活性和稳定性;CeO2掺杂降低了Ni基催化剂的还原活化温度,且催化剂的稳定性更好;Al/Zr、Ce/Al的原子比分别为8和0.015的10%Ni/CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3对CH4三重整的性能最好;反应100h后,催化剂的CH4转化率仍然大于87%,CO2转化率大于89%,积碳量仅为3.8%,催化剂的使用寿命大为延长。     

新型柴油HDN催化剂的制备与性能研究

采用改进的溶胶凝胶法制备的TiO2-ZrO2-SiO2三元复合载体并负载磷化钼制备了MoP/TiO2-ZrO2-SiO2新型加氢脱氮催化剂.以喹啉为模型化合物,考察催化剂的加氢脱氮性能,得出n(Ti)∶n(Zr)∶n(Si)为6∶1∶10时复合载体催化剂的催化性能最好.由BET的结果可知,T6Z1S10复合载体具有较大的比表面积和孔径.XRD衍射峰中锐钛矿特征峰宽而尖锐,趋于完善.确定了反应的最佳工艺条件:温度380℃,空速2.0 h-1,压力3.0 MPa,φ(氢)∶φ(油)为500.原位还原法制备磷化钼催化剂,还原条件对加氢活性影响较大,确定最佳原位还原条件为:升温速率2℃.m in-1,还原气流速60 mL.m in-1,还原压力为0.5 MPa,还原终温为600℃.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.