两种处理酒精蒸馏废水的发酵器中优势菌的组成

作者用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察到,在处理酒精蒸馏废水的污泥床厌氧滤器(SBAF)和结合式厌氧折流反应器(HABR)的污泥中,优势菌是与甲烷丝菌(Methanothrix)、甲烷杆菌(Methanobacterium)、脱硫弧茵(Desulfovibrio)和甲烷八叠球菌(Methanosarcina)形态相类似的四种茵群。     

SBAR中培养条件对好氧颗粒污泥特性影响

采用气升式间歇反应器研究了好氧污泥颗粒化过程,分别考查了厌氧颗粒污泥和活性污泥为接种污泥时好氧污泥颗粒化过程及其特性的不同,并且分析了循环时间为4 h和12h时好氧颗粒污泥的菌群形态和粒径分布.实验结果表明:活性污泥接种形成的好氧颗粒污泥相对密度达1.025,含水率96%,而厌氧颗粒污泥驯化形成的好氧颗粒污泥相对密度为1.008 7,含水率98%;在4 h循环时间下,颗粒粒径主要在1.5~2.0 mm,杆菌为优势菌,而在12 h循环时间下,颗粒污泥粒径主要分布在1.0~1.5 mm,球菌为优势菌.     

五氯苯酚对厌氧颗粒污泥微生物的毒性作用

通过间歇培养方式研究了五氯苯酚对上流式厌氧污泥床和厌氧膨胀颗粒床反应器厌氧颗粒污泥微生物的毒性作用.结果表明五氯苯酚对厌氧颗粒污泥中微生物有较强的毒性;低浓度PCP对厌氧颗粒污泥中微生物辅酶F420含量、磷酸酯酶活性以及胞外多聚物的分泌都有抑制作用,高浓度PCP则直接杀死菌体;PCP对厌氧颗粒污泥中不同微生物活性有不同的抑制作用,对利用乙酸的甲烷菌和利用丙酸和丁酸的产氢产乙酸菌都有强烈的抑制作用;EGSB反应器厌氧颗粒污泥对PCP的抑制有更强的耐受能力.     

厌氧氨氧化、反硝化与甲烷化耦合研究

根据厌氧氨氧化菌、反硝化菌与甲烷菌的特征,采用气提式反应器,利用反硝化颗粒污泥进行厌氧氨氧化污泥培养,研究厌氧氨氧化、反硝化与甲烷化耦合作用,并考察其对高氨氮有机废水的处理效果.反应器经过106 d的试验运行表明,NH3-N、TN、NO3-N及COD的去除率分别可达45%、69%、94%及81%;试验过程中同时观察到了厌氧脱磷现象;反应器中接种的灰黑色絮状污泥在连续运行期间逐渐转变为深棕黄色颗粒污泥.经PCR检测表明厌氧氨氧化活性较高.     

高温厌氧颗粒污泥膨胀床中颗粒污泥的性质分析

考察了高温(55℃)条件下厌氧颗粒污泥膨胀床处理木薯酒精废水的运行特性和颗粒污泥的性质.结果表明,当进水有机负荷(OLR)在15.0 kg.m-3.d-1时,化学需氧量(COD)平均去除率为86.7%,平均产气量为15.1L.d-1.OLR最高可达24.0kg.m-3.d-1,COD平均去除率为88.5%,平均产气量为39.9L.d-1.颗粒污泥的颗粒化率随着运行时间的延长逐渐增加,运行至260d,直径大于2.00mm的颗粒污泥约占32%.颗粒污泥的有机组分主要是碳、氢和氮,无机组分主要是硅、磷、钙和铁.颗粒污泥表面的微生物以丝状菌为主,污泥内核组成可能主要为磷酸钙或碳酸钙等无机质.     

反硝化厌氧甲烷氧化与厌氧氨氧化耦合颗粒污泥脱氮效能

采用改进的升流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)反应器,在温度为30℃条件下,逐渐缩短HRT(水力停留时间)由9.6 d到0.9 d,经过160 d运行,成功培养出反硝化厌氧甲烷氧化与厌氧氨氧化耦合颗粒污泥,采用荧光原位杂交(FISH)分析、16S rRNA分析等方法研究颗粒结构和微生物组成特征.结果表明:耦合颗粒污泥的氨氮和亚...     

连续投加微生物絮凝剂促进厌氧污泥的颗粒化

将升流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)反应器在(35±1)℃下运行102天处理低浓度废水,研究微生物絮凝剂对厌氧污泥颗粒化的影响.结果表明:投加微生物絮凝剂或阳离子PAM(聚丙烯酰胺)对厌氧污泥颗粒化具有促进作用;连续投加微生物絮凝剂的反应器1(R1)运行43天后,容积负荷达3.8 g/(L.d)(以单位容积反应器每天的化学需氧量负荷计),而投加阳离子PAM的反应器2(R2)和对照反应器3(R3)达到同样的容积负荷分别需要44和98天;R1中的颗粒污泥在沉降性能和产甲烷活性方面优于R2中的颗粒污泥;实验结束时,R1,R2和R3的COD去除率分别为94.5%,91.7%和84.0%.     

常温生活污水EGSB反应器颗粒污泥的特性

为研究生活污水EGSB反应器内的颗粒污泥特性,考察了运行条件的影响.结果表明,15℃以上时缩短水利停留时间(HRT)可提高COD去除率.HRT从1.6 h缩短至0.6 h,平均COD去除率从77%增加至82%.水力和基质的过负荷都会加速颗粒污泥解体.上升流速为2.8～3.1 m/h、容积负荷率(VLR)低于(12.9±7.6)kg/(m3·d)时,污泥粒径分布相对稳定;上升流速为3.8 m/h、冲击负荷为38 kg/(m3·d)时,则造成明显的污泥解体.高负荷运行有利于增加颗粒内部生物密度,但过度剪切造成的污泥破碎和粒径过小也会加剧洗出,尤其在低温条件下.缩短HRT可提高颗粒污泥活性.20℃以上,HRT从1.6 h缩短至0.75 h后,污泥比产甲烷活性(SMA)由0.85 g/(g·d)(VSS)增加至1.11g/(g·d)(VSS).长期低温驯化后,甲烷菌得以富集,10℃、HRT为2 h时,SMA增加至1.21 g/(g·d)(VSS).扫描电镜观察发现,颗粒污泥不同部位呈现明显的菌群分区现象.     

微生物及胞外多聚物在颗粒污泥形成中的作用

集中论述了升流式厌氧污泥床反应器中的微生物学特性，胞外多聚物的组成以及它们在生物膜和颗粒污泥形成中的作用。ＥＣＰ对颗粒的结构和稳定起重要作用，其含量占颗粒中悬浮性固体含量的０．６％－２０％〈主要成分为蛋白质和多糖。甲烷毛状菌属和甲烷八叠球菌属是最初颗粒化和颗粒污泥形成的重要分解乙酸产甲烷的细菌。     

IC反应器处理洗毛废水启动研究

试验研究了IC反应器处理洗毛废水的启动过程。接种污泥采自嘉兴市某造纸膨胀颗粒污泥床(EGSB)反应器,接种量为20L左右。研究结果表明,采用连续进水,保持进水COD浓度不变,通过改变进水速度以提高容积负荷的方式可在37d完成IC反应器的启动,容积负荷能达到8kg COD/(m3.d),COD的去除率可达70%~0%。启动过程中,VFA的浓度逐渐降低,反应器稳定运行时,VFA的浓度稳定在200mg/L左右。启动结束后,IC反应器内的成熟颗粒污泥沉降性能良好,颜色深黑色,粒径较大,其中粒径在2~4mm之间的占了约51%。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.