硫存在下的中间相炭微球制备及形貌

在煤焦油沥青中添加硫，420℃下反应7h得到了不同形貌的中间相炭微球．通过对沥青中间相接组成、软化点和甲苯可溶物(TS)相对分子质量的测定，发现硫在热缩聚反应中交联作用明显．扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对中间相反微球形貌的表征结果显示，随着硫在原料中加量的增加，生成中间相构筑单元的时间推迟，中间相反微球的尺寸变大；另一方面，体系中的硫使先前生成的中间相反微球表面活性点增多，中间相反微球在碰撞时会发生粘连，后续的中间相构筑单元的堆积将产生各种异形，如哑铃形和蛹状等．另外，在开放体系中，使用氮气鼓泡，过快地形成了中间相反微球，这种炭微球存在大量的裂缝．     

高比表面积中间相沥青基活性炭微球的制备

中间相沥青与纳米SiO2颗粒混合研磨至均匀,在450～550℃热处理后制备出中间相沥青基炭微球.以KOH为活化剂,对所制备的炭微球进行化学活化,获得高比表面积(大于3000 m2·g-1)的中孔型活性炭微球.中间相沥青基炭微球制备时的热处理温度以及活化过程中的活化剂配比决定着活性炭微球的结构与形态.     

碳化钙-氯仿体系制备纳米碳球及其结构表征

以电石和氯仿为碳源和反应物,二茂铁为催化剂,置于100 ml的不锈钢高压釜中在350℃进行化学反应并保温3 h,制备了50～150 nm的无定形结构毛绒形貌碳球.采用X射线显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜和激光拉曼光谱仪等手段分析碳球的物相、形貌和结构,并初步讨论了纳米碳球的生长机理.     

低温热解二茂铁制备碳包裹纳米铁及其结构

以二茂铁为碳源和铁源在100 mL不锈钢高压釜中经520℃直接热解制备碳包裹纳米铁.研究不同反应物量对热解产物的影响,并采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对热解产物的物相、形貌和结构进行分析.结果表明:二茂铁520℃热解碳产物以无定形炭和Fe3C相为主.当二茂铁的量为1 g时,热解产物是蜂窝状的多孔炭...     

第二相粒子大小对材料延性断裂过程的影响

本文采用单轴拉伸及定量金相分析方法研究了具有不同第二相粒子的球化低碳钢在塑性变形、断裂过程中微空洞的形成及长大过程。研究表明随着粒子尺寸的增加将有利于微空洞的形核及长大,提出了微空洞的长大是通过空洞尖端区的塑性流变而进行的。理论分析表明空洞的纵向长大速率G_L与第二相粒子间的平均自由程(λ_c)的平方根呈线性关系,并得到试验的证实。     

SiC掺杂对中间相碳微球组织的影响

以Tween 80为分散剂,分别以丙烯酰胺和N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为单体和交联剂,采用凝胶注模工艺,经过1000℃的埋碳烧结工艺,分别制备了掺杂SiC的中间相碳微球凝胶注模素坯和烧结体.研究SiC加入量对素坯和烧结体的影响.结果发现,当加入w(SiC)达到15%时,SiC具有明显的催化石墨化的效果.     

异型DEFC管状阴极传质过程的模拟研究

以中间相碳微球（MCMB）、石墨粉为原料用凝胶注模成型工艺制成阴极管烧结体,并在烧结体外涂覆扩散层、Pt／C催化层和Nation膜制备管状阴极．利用CFD软件对直接乙醇燃料电池（DEFC）管状阴极的传质过程进行模拟计算和研究,在不同的工作温度、阴极扩散层孔隙率、进气压力以及阴极催化层厚度的条件下,分析DEFC阴极催化层表面的液态饱和度、氧气的摩尔质量分数的变化情况．结果表明：增大阴极扩散层孔隙率、进气压力、催化层厚度和电池温度有利于阴极的传质过程．     

二氧化硅微球的可控制备研究

通过St9ber法制备二氧化硅微球.研究了水醇比例、无机盐种类含量等对二氧化硅微球的微观形貌和粒径分布影响.结果表明,随着反应溶液中去离子水量的增加,二氧化硅微球的粒径逐渐变小.此外,无机盐的添加也会在一定程度上促进二氧化硅微球的长大.究其原因,是因为电解质的加入会破坏微球表面双电层的稳定性,进而促使其发生团聚形成粒径更大的颗粒.     

锂盐电解质对中间相石墨微球电化学性能的影响

中间相就是稠环芳烃化合物在液相炭化过程中所形成的一种向列液晶结构 ,在中间相转化的初期由于表面张力的作用而呈球形 ,将其用适当的方法从母液中分离出来即是中间相炭微球 (ＭｅｓｏｃａｒｂｏｎＭｉｃｒｏｂｅａｄｓ简称ＭＣＭＢ) .本文将含有一定量原生喹啉不溶物的煤沥青基中间相炭微球 ,在 2 80 0℃条件下进行高温石墨化 ,表征了试样的微观结构 ,考察电解液组成对其用作锂离子电池负极材料时电化学性能的影响 .1　实验部分以精制煤焦油沥青为原料 ,在一定的工艺条件下制得含有部分原生喹啉不溶物的煤沥青中间相炭微球 ,将其放入中频…     

酸碱溶胀法制备聚合物中空微球的研究

采用种子乳液聚合的方法合成了核壳结构的poly(methyl methacrylate)/polystyrene(PMMA/PS)和poly(butyl acrylate)/polystyrene(PBA/PS)微球,并以此作为前驱体,利用酸碱溶胀法成功地制备出PS中空微球.采用TEM和SEM对核壳微球和中空微球的形貌进行了表征,并研究了中空结构形成的影响因素.结果表明,在壳层单体St包裹种子微球的聚合阶段,单体和引发剂的滴加速度及温度对最终的PS中空微球形态有着显著的影响:滴加速度过慢,反应温度过高均不利于中空微球的形成.另外,组成种子微球的单体和壳层单体的性质对中空微球的形态也有着较大的影响.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.