基于正则化因子与稳定因子的大地电磁反演研究

地球物理反问题存在多解性和不稳定性,正则化是得到稳定解的重要手段。正则化方法中稳定因子的设计与正则化因子的选择是两项重要研究内容。以大地电磁测深法为例,研究了正则化因子的"L"曲线法自动选择算法;针对不同的稳定因子,研究了稳定因子的特点及稳定因子内部参数的选择原则。研究工作为大地电磁反演提供支持。     

大地电磁反演中改进的自适应正则化因子选取研究

通过建立大地电磁(MT)层状地电模型,利用共轭梯度法求解反问题,在给定不同初始模型的条件下对多种正则化因子选取方法进行了计算比较,分析了各种方法的特点和使用条件.结果表明,自适应正则化算法的效果与传统的定值方法如L曲线法相近,但反演过程远比传统方法便捷.为了解决反演依赖于初始模型的局限并增强解的稳定性,基于多种自适应正则化方案的对比分析,提出了改进的自适应正则化方案,选取数据拟合泛函与模型稳定泛函较大的比值为正则化因子的初始值,并提出相应的调整方案自动控制正则化因子衰减.模型试验表明,该方法对初始模型的依赖性低于其他几种自适应的算法,反演结果的稳定性较强,可以进一步提高正则化反演的效率.     

大地电磁反演中改进的自适应正则化因子选取

通过建立大地电磁(MT)层状地电模型,利用共轭梯度法求解反问题,在给定不同初始模型的条件下对多种正则化因子选取方法进行了计算比较,分析了各种方法的特点和使用条件.结果表明,自适应正则化算法的效果与传统的定值方法如L曲线法相近,但反演过程远比传统方法便捷.为了解决反演依赖于初始模型的局限并增强解的稳定性,基于多种自适应正则化方案的对比分析,提出了改进的自适应正则化方案,选取数据拟合泛函与模型稳定泛函较大的比值为正则化因子的初始值,并提出相应的调整方案自动控制正则化因子衰减.模型试验表明,该方法对初始模型的依赖性低于其他几种自适应的算法,反演结果的稳定性较强,可以进一步提高正则化反演的效率.     

一种适合磁异常反演的正则化因子选取方法

为更精确地确定地下磁性物质的分布,结合工程勘察中的磁法探勘和位场反演特点,借鉴Zhdanov等提出的自适应正则化因子选取方式,提出一种适合磁异常反演的完全自适应正则化方法。在进行一次常规自适应算法的基础上,得到估计的正则化因子初始值,根据数据拟合的下降效率确定合适的正则化因子的计算值,并采用较大的衰减因子,通过自动衰减正则化因子在考虑计算效率的条件下得到较好的数据拟合和稳定的反演结果。模型实验表明,此方法的数据拟合效果比L曲线法更好,同时在解稳定的前提下减少了迭代次数。     

基于信噪比检验的病态总体最小二乘谱修正迭代法

针对病态总体最小二乘谱修正迭代算法的不足,基于复共线性综合诊断,合理判断参数估计是否受到复共线性危害及危害程度,然后制定精准的正则化策略,提出了基于信噪比检验的病态总体最小二乘谱修正迭代算法,根据信噪比检验结果确定谱修正矩阵,根据改造的L曲线法确定谱修正参数.最后通过模拟算例验证了该算法求解病态总体最小二乘问题的数值稳定性和有效性.     

二维直流电阻率与音频大地电磁自适应渐进联合反演

开展了非结构化三角网格条件下的二维直流电阻率与音频大地电磁自适应渐进正则化联合反演研究。通过研发以模型灵敏度信息为依据的反演网格自适应优化技术,构建由粗网格到细网格逐步反演的自适应渐进反演策略,减少了反问题对稳定因子的依赖,进而降低了正则化因子搜索的计算量;通过最小二乘算法求解非结构化三角网格的模型粗糙度,构建了非结构化网格条件下的最小结构稳定因子;采用高斯-牛顿法优化求解正则化反演目标函数,通过双共轭梯度稳定算法求解高斯-牛顿方程,确保反演稳定性,同时有效减少了反问题对内存的需求。理论模型与实测数据的联合反演试算表明,直流电阻率与音频大地电磁数据联合反演能够有效减少反演多解性,提高反演效果,实现音频大地电磁静态效应异常体的直接反演。     

病态问题解算的直接正则化方法比较

为了解算病态问题,需正确选择适合的正则化方法,为此分析了截断奇异值法和Tikhonov正则化方法的异同点.在此基础上,阐述了L曲线法和GCV法确定最优正则化参数的基本原理.通过数值算例分析表明:截断奇异值法和Tikhonov法可以有效消除观测方程的病态性；利用L曲线法和GCV法不仅可以对Tikhonov方法中的连续正则...     

ECT图像重建中最小坡度正则化参数选择方法

电容层析成像图像重建反问题常常是不适定的.提出了一种在最小坡度曲线段中选择Tikhonov正则化参数的新方法用于求解这一不适定反问题.对于测量数据的干扰,不适定问题的一些正则化解比其他的解敏感程度低.该方法使用一定准则选取不敏感正则化解中的一个,将这个解对应的正则化参数作为最优值.通过仿真实验,针对两种典型介质分布,将基于最小坡度方法计算的正则化参数与流行的L-曲线法在电容测量数据施加噪声情况下的图像重建结果进行了比较.实验表明基于新方法的图像重建结果要好于L-曲线法.     

基于U曲线法的半参数模型中正则化参数确定

针对半参数模型补偿最小二乘估计中正则化参数合理确定的问题,研究一种正则化参数确定方法即U曲线法,基于该方法确定合适的正则化参数,能够有效地控制残差范数与信号范数之间的平衡,得到较准确的参数估值;通过仿真算例分析,将基于U曲线法确定正则化参数的半参数模型的参数估计解和其他方法进行比较,研究结果表明:模拟的系统误差为周期性时,应用L曲线法、U曲线法确定的正则化参数进而求得的参数估值与其真值差值向量的范数分别为4.632 4×10-4和3.497 0×10-4;当模拟的系统误差呈线性周期性时,应用L曲线法和U曲线法确定的正则化参数进而求得的参数估值与其真值差值向量的范数分别为7×10-4和4×10-4,故采用U曲线法确定的正则化参数所求得的参数估值的精度比L曲线法的高,能较好地将观测值中的系统误差分离出来。     

基于Newmark-β的ICAA正则化参数选取方法

传统的L曲线法在使用的时候常常不容易获得准确的正则化参数,基于此,提出了一种基于Newmark-β的反算-对比-调整-逼近(inverse computation-contrast-adjustment-approach, ICAA)正则化参数选取方法.该算法相比传统的L曲线法使用起来更加直观、简便,并且计算耗费的时间更短、效率更高.通过一个四自由度系统的仿真算例和一个悬臂梁的实验验证了本算法的有效性,并把本算法的载荷识别结果与L曲线法的载荷识别结果进行了对比.结果表明:该算法相比L曲线法不仅在计算效率方面有显著优势,而且利用前者的正则化参数进行载荷识别,计算精度更高.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to