明胶包埋壳聚糖/海藻酸钠茶多酚的缓释性能

以海藻酸钠和壳聚糖为壁材制备了茶多酚微胶囊,确定了最佳制备工艺条件为壳聚糖质量分数1．0％、海藻酸钠质量分数2．0％～3．0％、氯化钙质量分数5．0％,所制得的茶多酚微胶囊的包埋率最大,用明胶包埋茶多酚微胶囊,制备了茶多酚缓释复合体系,结果表明,用明胶包埋后的微胶囊可使茶多酚的缓释性能及稳定性有较大的提高。     

气升式内循环生物微胶囊流化床的结构设计及对氯苯酚废水处理

用海藻酸钠／壳聚糖／活性炭制备的微胶囊具有生物半透膜特性和很好的强度;以海藻酸钠／壳聚糖／活性炭微胶囊包裹一株从活性污泥中筛选的对氯苯酚优势降解菌;根据废水处理的要求和流体动力学原理设计了气升式内循环生物流化床的中试设备;实验表明,以制备的微胶囊作为气升式内循环生物微胶囊流化床中载体处理对氯苯酚废水处理最适宜条件：pH=7．0,温度为30-35℃,处理120mg／L的对氯苯酚废水时,微胶囊最佳载体投入量为15％,通气量为120L／h。     

制备中空海藻酸钙胶囊新方法的研究

中空海藻酸钙胶囊是将CaCl2溶液反滴入海藻酸 钠溶液后,在液滴表面胶凝成膜而成.研究了一种新的Alginate/(NaCS CaCl2)体系中空海 藻酸钠胶囊的制备方法.重点探讨了反应时间、滴加速度、海藻酸钠溶液浓度、NaCS和CaCl2溶液浓度等参数对制得胶囊的直径、膜厚和机械强 度等性质的影响.并确定了中空海藻酸钙胶囊的制备条件:1%(W/V)的海藻酸钠溶液,10 %(W/V)的CaCl2溶液,2%(W/V)的NaCS溶液,180滴/min的滴加速度和10 min的凝胶反应时间.     

海藻酸钠-壳聚糖固定化漆酶的研究

采用海藻酸钠包埋法和海藻酸钠-壳聚糖包埋-交联法固定化漆酶,探讨了固定化条件、固定化漆酶及游离酶的酶学性质,结果表明：包埋法和包埋-交联法固定化漆酶的最佳条件分别为海藻酸钠浓度3％、CaCl2浓度1．5％和海藻酸钠浓度2％、CaCl2浓度2％、壳聚糖浓度1．5％、戊二醛浓度1％．两种固定化漆酶的最适pH和最适温度相同,分别为5．0和30℃,游离酶pH为4．6,温度20℃．包埋法固定化漆酶、包埋一交联法固定化漆酶和游离酶的米氏常数分别为3．3,2．8,1．22mmol／L．     

壳聚糖/木质素磺酸钠复凝聚法制备生物农药微胶囊

研究了以壳聚糖和木质素磺酸钠为囊材,以阿维菌素为囊芯,采用复凝聚法制备微胶囊。利用正交实验对复凝聚体系形成条件进行了初步筛选,在此基础上,深入研究了影响微胶囊载药量和包封率的各种因素,获得最佳制备工艺条件为：壳聚糖cps1500、壳聚糖浓度0.5%、木质素磺酸钠浓度2%、乳化剂Tween80/Span80配比2、乳化剂用量6 mL、壳芯比6、复凝聚时间15 min、交联剂用量4 mL、交联时间1 h,所得微胶囊的载药量和包封率可达到9.6％和82％。采用FT-IR对微胶囊进行表征的结果表明,囊芯与囊壁之间无化学键合。体外释放动力学研究结果表明,壳聚糖/木质素磺酸钠复凝聚微胶囊对阿维菌素具有一定的控释作用。     

壳聚糖载药微球的研制

采用乳化交联法制备壳聚糖载5－氟尿嘧啶微球、研究了乳化剂，有机分散介质、交联反应时间、戊二醛用量、壳聚糖浓度和5－氟尿嘧啶浓度对微球性能的影响，结果表明：当以苯甲酸乙酯为有机分散介质，Span-80用量2ml，交联反应90min，戊二醛用量2ml，壳聚糖浓度1％，5－氟尿嘧啶浓度1％时，所制壳聚糖微球粒径10－50μm，载药率为19．7％，包药率52．3％，为黄褐色致密球体。     

微波合成羧甲基壳聚糖

介绍了在微波条件下，以氯乙酸为改性剂制备羧甲基壳聚糖。探讨了反应时间、投料比和多次羧化等工艺条件对壳聚糖羧甲基化程度及产物收率的影响，并对产物进行了红外光谱分析。确定了制备羧甲基壳聚糖的最佳反应条件：氨基葡萄糖单元：氢氧化钠：氯乙酸=1：20：12(摩尔比)，氨基葡萄糖单元：异丙醇=1：40(摩尔比)，w碱=0．45，碱化温度为30℃，碱化时间为1h，羧化时间为30min，羧甲基壳聚糖取代度和收率分别达到0．95和95％。研究了多次羧甲基化反应对羧甲基壳聚糖取代度的影响，其取代度可进一步提高到1．70。     

壳聚糖的制备及降解工艺条件的选择

本文探讨了壳聚糖的制备方法及使用NaNO_2降解法制备低聚壳聚糖的工艺条件。采用酸碱水解的方法制得壳聚糖,并对其理化性质进行了检测;同时采用正交试验设计探讨了降解条件对产物特征粘度和粘均分子量的影响。试验结果表明,各降解条件对壳聚糖粘均分子量的影响大小为:反应时间>反应温度>10％NaNO_2用量>乙酸浓度,最佳处理为:10％NaNO_2的用量0.6mL,反应温度40℃,反应时间45min,乙酸浓度1％。     

β-聚苹果酸/壳聚糖在香精微胶囊制备中的应用

 通过复凝聚法将β-聚苹果酸(PMA)与壳聚糖(CS)作为壁材,制得粒径为200~600nm,分散系数<0.30的具有长久缓释效果的香精微胶囊.通过Plackett-Burman(PB)实验和Box-Benhnken Design(BBD)优化确定了制备缓释型香精微胶囊的最佳工艺条件,得出制备香精微胶囊的最优条件为：壳聚糖浓度1.5g/L,乳化时间45min、转速600r/min、反应时间60min,聚苹果酸浓度为1.0g/L,聚苹果酸(mL)﹕壳聚糖(mL)=1:2,pH值为6.0,滴加速度为7.5mL/h,芯材添加量为1mL/15mL壁材.借助扫描电镜观察与壁材形成的微球形微胶囊,粒径为480.1nm,包埋率为28.57%,缓释效果持续长久.     

壳聚糖预处理对沉水植物黑藻生长的影响

以黑藻为例，研究了壳聚糖对沉水植物黑藻生长的影响，随机选取了经驯化培养后的黑藻顶枝，分别植入壳聚糖浓度为0％、0．05％、0．1％和0．2％的Hogland溶液中，进行生长实验，结果显示壳聚糖能促进黑藻生长，增加株高和湿重，同时能促进根的生长，并且以0．1％浓度的壳聚糖培养液效果最好，壳聚糖还能促进叶绿素的合成，并且0．05％、0．1％浓度的效果较好．另将经不同浓度壳聚糖预处理后的植株置于黑白瓶中，进行了壳聚糖影响黑藻光合能力的实验，结果显示经0．1％浓度的壳聚糖预处理24h后，能显著提高总产氧量和净产氧量。总之，用适宜浓度的壳聚糖溶液培养或对沉水植物黑藻进行预处理，能促进植株和根的生长发育，增加植株的光合能力，促进叶绿素的合成，提示在进行湖泊生态修复过程中，可利用适宜浓度的壳聚糖进行育苗，适当加快沉水植物育苗周期，提高湖泊沉水植物恢复的效率和效果。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.