MM5v3多种物理过程不同参数化方案的组合试验 --对东亚区域气候模拟

考虑区域气候模式中诸物理过程的多种参数化方案的相互影响，对MM5v3模式中3个物理过程设计了16组不同参数化方案的组合试验．用1997和1998年6～8月NCEP／NCAR再分析资料作了东亚的区域气候模拟．经检验、分析和比较各组合方案在东亚区域的模拟能力，发现MM5v3模式能适合对东亚地区的区域气候模拟；当用MM5V3作东亚区域气候模拟时，Kain-Fritsch积云参数化方案、OSU LSM陆面过程参数化方案与CCM2辐射参数化方案的组合更为合理．这些结果对于发展适合我国的新一代区域气候模式有一定的参考意义．     

区域气候模式RegCM3产流方案的改进及数值试验

用改进的水文模型与详细陆面方案、大气模式耦合的区域气候模式模拟研究了夏季风气候陆面水文、气候特征．针对区域气候模式RegCM3中陆面方案BATS地表产流方案的不足，将更符合观测实际地考虑入渗和降水非均匀性的地表产流方案VXM并入BATS，利用改进后的区域气候模式模拟了我国1990、1991和1998年的夏季风气候，并采用我国160站的月降水资料及UNH-GRDC（University of New Hampshire，USA-Global Runoff Data Center）月径流资料对1990、1991模拟结果进行了验证．结果表明，地表产流方案的改进对区域气候模式RegCM3模拟降水的影响不大，但模拟的径流有较大提高目与实测更为一致．     

应用一改进的模式对北京夏季风、温和湿度场的模拟

对北京大学的三维复杂地形中尺度数值模式进行了适当改进,引入第2代陆面过程模式的参数化方案,在计算地表能量水分收支时更加注重植被的影响,根据植物生态和土壤的地理分布特征确定陆面参数。结果表明,改进后的模式在模拟夏季北京气温场、风场、湿度场时都取得令人满意的效果。模拟结果可为了解北京地区区域气候的形成、污染物的扩散及城市规划提供参考和帮助。     

生态边界层水热交换模型及模拟研究进展

分析了1950年以来关于生态边界层水热交换及耦合模型的发展过程，并把生态边界层水热交换模型研究分为4个阶段，即水俑模式与陆面过程、考虑生态边界层的生物物理过程的植被微气象模式(BATS和SiB模式)、考虑植被的生物化学过程的模式、水热模式和气候模式及生态模式的初步融合。最后对该领域的研究存在的问题进行了综合分析，并提出了新的发展方向。     

中尺度天气预报模式边界层参数化方案以及近地层方案对苏州东山冬季近地层气象要素模拟的影响

运用WRF3. 9模式并选取四种常用的边界层参数化方案(YSU、ACM2、MYJ和BL)和两种近地层方案(Eta和MM5)模拟了2015年1月16～25日苏州东山的近地层气象要素,并与东山气象站观测实验数据进行对比,评估了四种边界层参数化方案对近地层气象要素的模拟能力。同时设置了边界层参数化方案与近地层方案耦合的敏感性试验,分析两类方案的耦合对近地层气象要素模拟的影响。结果表明:①白天四种边界层方案对2 m温度的模拟差异较小,两种近地层方案的模拟结果有差异,对流混合较弱时Eta方案模拟较好,对流混合较强时MM5方案较好;夜间四种边界层方案和近地层方案均有影响,但是整个观测期间四种方案的模拟结果统计量差异较小;②无论白天还是夜间,四种边界层参数化方案模拟的2 m相对湿度均高于观测值,BL方案的模拟效果最佳,MYJ方案的模拟偏差最大;③无论白天还是夜间,四种边界层参数化方案对10 m风速的模拟均存在一定程度的高估,MYJ方案的模拟效果最好,四种方案对风向的模拟均优于对风速的模拟,白天的模拟效果整体优于夜间;④选择不同的近地层方案对风速和风向的模拟结果没有明显影响,对2 m气温模拟结果的影响小于对2 m相对湿度模拟结果的影响,BL边界层方案与MM5近地层方案耦合对近地层气象要素2 m气温和2 m相对湿度的模拟效果最好。     

模式湿物理过程的组合对一次南京大暴雨降水模拟的影响分析

以第五代中尺度模式（MM5）为基础,本文对一次南京大暴雨个例进行了三组数值模拟试验,研究了模式湿物理过程参数化方案的组合对梅雨暴雨降水预报的影响.试验结果表明：模式的积云对流参数化方案的选用对南京大暴雨的预报至关重要,积云对流参数化方案的选用比边界层参数化对暴雨数值预报的影响大;对20km模式分辨率而言,采用单一的积云...     

WRF模式不同陆面过程方案模拟兰州新区低空气象场特征

利用WRF模式中3种陆面过程(Noah、RUC和SLAB)参数化方案对兰州新区2014年1月近地面温度场和风场进行了模拟,与兰州新区测风塔和区域气象站观测资料进行对比,研究了不同陆面过程参数化方案模拟低空气象场特征的差异.结果表明,3种陆面过程参数化方案都能较好地模拟兰州新区冬季温度场和风场特征,温度场模拟效果优于风场.3种方案对土壤湿度的不同处理,影响到感热通量、潜热通量和土壤热通量的分布,使得3种方案对近地面温度的模拟产生差异.统计分析结果表明,WRF模式陆面过程参数化方案为SLAB时模拟的兰州新区冬季近地面温度场和风场与观测结果最为接近.由于受温度模拟结果的影响,SLAB方案对大气稳定度的模拟效果最好,对兰州新区冬季近地面风场的模拟结果最稳定.     

生态边界层水热交换模型及模拟研究进展

分析了1950年以来关于生态边界层水热交换及耦合模型的发展过程,并把生态边界层水热交换模型研究分为4个阶段,即水桶模式与陆面过程、考虑生态边界层的生物物理过程的植被微气象模式(BATS和SiB模式)、考虑植被的生物化学过程的模式、水热模式和气候模式及生态模式的初步融合.最后对该领域的研究存在的问题进行了综合分析,并提出了新的发展方向.     

应用一改进的模式对北京夏季风、温和湿度场的模拟

对北京大学的三维复杂地形中尺度数值模式进行了适当改进,引入第2代陆面过程模式的参数化方案,在计算地表能量水分收支时更加注重植被的影响,根据植物生态和土壤的地理分布特征确定陆面参数。结果表明,改进后的模式在模拟夏季北京气温场、风场、湿度场时都取得令人满意的效果。模拟结果可为了解北京地区区域气候的形成、污染物的扩散及城市规划提供参考和帮助。     

陆面过程模式BATS中地气通量计算方案的一个改进试验

在原有的陆面过程模式BATS中,对地表通量的计算基于简单的经验公式,这个计算是十分粗略的．而地气通量对各个气象要素的模拟都很重要,如动量通量会影响大气中的风速分布,热量通量会影响垂直方向上的温度分布而改变大气的层结稳定度,水汽通量则会改变空气中的水分含量和潜热,因而改进地气通量的计算精度是有必要的．为了提高地-气间通量计算的精度,在模式中增加稳定度的分类,将近地层稳定度分为5类,用中尺度气候模式RIEMS,分别对短期和中期模拟作了对比实验．经过比较和分析模拟结果,可以看出在增加稳定度的分类以后,模拟的各个气象要素场都较原来的有了改善．     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.