碳酸氢钠热分解反应非等温动力学研究

本文提出一个热分析反应动力学的验证方程式。用热重法(TG)结合微商热重法(DTG)与等温实验,从判断固相反应机理入手,研究了常压下碳酸氢钠热分解反应的动力学与机理。实验表明,其反应属于Avrami-Erofeev的核生成与核成长为控制步骤的A_(1.5)机理。动力学方程式为:da/dt=7.57×10~8×e~(-86.6×10~3)J/(RT){3/2(1-a)[-ln(1-a)]~(1/3)}。表观活化能E为86.6kJ·mol~(-1),频率因子A为7.57×10~8s~(-1),两者补偿关系为:lnA=0.287E-4.44。     

β-环糊精与常用的两种光谱探针包络作用对比研究

采用紫外可见吸收光谱法研究了β-环糊精与酚酞及甲基橙的包络作用。结果表明β-环糊精与客体形成1:1的超分子包络物,包络物的稳定常数分别为1.30×10~4L/mol、1.58×10~3L/mol。包结率及包络模式将影响吸收光谱的变化趋势。主客体间疏水相互作用和范德华力是形成超分子包络物的主要驱动力,氨键影响包络物的稳定性.     

溴甲酚绿与牛血清白蛋白变色反应机理的研究

利用光谱法研究了溴甲酚绿(BCG)与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)在酸性条件下变色反应机理,考察了不同实验条件对BCG-BSA复合物吸收光谱的影响,提出了一些合理的解释.结果表明,BCG与BSA分子相互作用产生变色反应的机理主要是由BCG与BSA间的疏水相互作用引起的.     

诺氟沙星与牛血清白蛋白结合作用研究

应用荧光光谱法研究了水溶液中诺氟沙星和牛血清白蛋白的相互作用 ,测得该反应的结合常数K =9.92× 1 0 4 L/mol,结合位点数n =0 .85.实验结果表明 ,诺氟沙星和牛血清白蛋白分子间有较强的结合作用 ,且只形成一个位点数 .由此可见 ,诺氟沙星在体内可以被蛋白质所储存和转运 .     

用化学平衡法研究Fe—Nb—C熔体的热力学

CO—CO_2混合气与Fe—Nb—C熔体和NbO_2(s)的平衡实验是在Al_2O_3或ZrO_2坩埚中进行的。实验表明,在1073～1273K间的低温下产生碳沉积是不可避免的。熔体上方的气相氧分压用固体电解质电池测定。与熔体中Nb成平衡的氧化物被确定为NbO_2(s)。测得1823K时反应[Nb]+O_2=NbO_2(s)的平衡常数K=6.31×10~(10),因此,可得反应的标准自由能: ΔG°=-377150(J/mol)求出了碳对Nb和Nb对碳的活度相互作用系数为: e~C_(Nb)=-0.74;e~(Nb)_C=-0.092     

抗坏血酸在多壁碳纳米管修饰电极上电极过程的研究

运用循环伏安(CV)法、计时电量法和稳态极化曲线法研究了抗坏血酸(AA)在多壁碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极(MWCNT/GCE)上的电化学行为.实验表明:AA在MWCNT/GCE上的电极过程为扩散控制的不可逆过程,其极限扩散电流id为1.500×10-5A,扩散系数D0为1·634×10-5cm2/s,标准电极电势时的电极反应速率常数ks为1·694×10-3?/s.     

O(~3P)原子与环戊酮的二级反应速率常数测定

我们用流动微波放电—化学发光方法首次测定了O(~3p)原子与环戊酮分子在303—503K温度范围内的反应速率常数,反应速率常数与温度关系为k=3.79±1.41×10~(-11)exp(-18.6±1.5kJ·mol~(-1)/RT)cm~3·molecule~(-1)·s~(-1)O(~3p)原子由流动微波放电产生,利用检测其与NO反应生成NO_2~*的化学发光强度的方法来检测O(~3p)浓度。此外,还就这类反应速率常数与环形分子结构关系进行了讨论。     

过氧化氢-硫脲引发丙烯酰胺与玉米淀粉接枝共聚反应规律的研究——乙烯基类单体与淀粉的接枝共聚反应(Ⅷ)

以H_2O_2-硫脲(TU)氧化还原引发体系,研究了丙烯酰胺与玉米淀粉的接枝共聚反应规律。实验结果表明,当〔H_2O_2〕=1.60×10~(-3)mol/L、〔TU〕=8.0×10~(-4)mol/L、〔AM〕=1.0 mol/L,pH=5,45℃反应5h,单体转化率、接枝率和接枝效率都较高。     

L-半胱氨酸自组装膜修饰电极对抗坏血酸的电催化氧化及其分析应用

研究了L-半胱氨酸自组装膜修饰电极(L-Cys/Au SANs)的制备方法和其电化学行为,发现该电极对抗坏血酸(AA)具有明显的电催化氧化作用,在pH 4.03的BR缓冲溶液中,AA在L-半胱氨酸自组装膜修饰电极上产生一灵敏的氧化峰,峰电流与AA浓度分别在8.0×10-7-8.0×10-6mol·L-1和4.0×10-5-4.0×10-4 mol·L-1范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数分别为0.997 0和0.996 7,检测限为1.6×10-7mol·L-1.该方法可用于AA的测定.     

腐植酸吸水性树脂的合成及性能研究

以腐植酸(HmA)和丙烯酸(AA)为原料,N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)为交联剂,过硫酸铵(APS)为引发剂,采用自由基共聚反应,通过正交实验合成出了多孔型的腐植酸吸水性树脂(HmA-PAA).研究了多种因素对腐植酸吸水性树脂吸水倍率的影响.其较佳的合成工艺条件为m(NaHm溶液)∶m(AA)=1.65~1.70;n(APS)∶n(AA)=(0.8~1.1)×10-3;n(MBA)∶n(AA)=(0.3~0.5)×10-3;NaOH中和度为75%;反应温度为65℃;反应时间2 h.实验结果表明:合成出的HmA-PAA对蒸馏水和生理盐水(w为0.9%的NaCl水溶液)的吸水能力分别达到650 g/g和52 g/g.与相同条件下所合成的聚丙烯酸吸水性树脂相比,由于腐植酸分子的引入,有效地提高了聚丙烯酸盐类体系吸水、耐盐及耐温能力,具有较高的使用价值.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.