考虑外来企业进入的两阶段定价和以旧换新选择研究

针对外来企业进入市场与在位企业竞争，构建了在位企业两阶段动态定价博弈模型，分析了外来企业进入对在位企业两阶段产品定价和以旧换新策略的影响。研究结果表明，当外来企业不进入时，只有升级产品的创新程度较低，在位企业才提供以旧换新策略；当外来企业进入时，在位企业不提供以旧换新会使部分第一阶段产品持有者不再购买其升级产品，而提供以旧换新能使第一阶段产品持有者都购买其升级产品。以旧换新不仅对在位企业有利，而且对外来企业也有利。     

基于演化博弈理论的企业组织模式选择

研究单一企业群体及两个企业群体进行产量竞争情形下,企业组织模式选择的演化问题.假定企业可以选择集中化模式或分散化模式,对于封闭经济情形,建立了单种群演化动态,并证明了当替代系数满足一定条件时,存在惟一的演化均衡.在此基础上,以所得的演化均衡为初始条件建立了两种群演化模型,研究了开放经济下企业同时进行国内和国际竞争时其组织模式的演化,理论分析和数值例子表明不存在稳定的内点演化均衡.通过比较不同贸易政策下的均衡产量和均衡利润,阐释了演化均衡的动态调整过程.     

基于内部转移定价和外部采购的企业战略组织选择

越来越多的研究表明,当企业生产最终产品所需的中间产品同时依赖内部生产和外部采购时,采用分权组织结构可以从内部的转移定价获益.本文考虑下游市场存在混合寡头竞争,上游市场存在外部供应商时的企业战略组织决策问题.利用动态博弈的均衡求解方法,在外部供应商垄断供应中间产品的框架下,分析企业在集权和分权两种组织形式的市场均衡.研究结果显示:当供应商垄断供应外部中间产品时,采用分权组织是最优策略.     

潜在市场规模不确定的以旧换新/再的定价与生产策略

假设潜在市场规模在第1阶段开始前是不确定的,消费者根据两阶段的总期望效用决策第1阶段是否愿意购买产品.老顾客决策是否以旧换新/再,新顾客决策是否购新/再.文章在新品和再制造品共存与仅存在新品2种情形下,构建了以生产商利润最大化为目标,产品价格和生产量为决策变量的两阶段数学规划模型.通过逆向归纳法求解,得出最优产品定价与生产策略,运用解析方法和数值算例对决策变量和目标函数进行灵敏度分析和模型对比.主要结果如下:再制造品的引入会蚕食新品的销售,但会增加顾客购买产品的总概率;当敏感系数较大,再制造生产节约成本较大且新品创新提升水平较小时,引入再制造品能够提高生产商的利润.     

关于供应链管理下批发价格价格依赖性的补偿策略理论

在文献[1]中研究了供应链管理下批发价格依赖性的补偿策略理论#其中的推导和结论的具体表述不尽正确#给出了其结论的正确表述；在批发价格与产品的订购量相关且产品的市场需求量是随机变量的情况下，探讨了补偿策略受产品批发价格的定价机制的影响；获得了供应链管理下批发价格依赖性的补偿策略理论模型，并在产品的市场需求量服从均匀分布的情形下对理论模型进行了均衡分析和灵敏度分析；指出了产品订购量、补偿价格与产品需求、批发价格的内在关系,为企业决策提供了有益的分析方法.     

政府补贴对闭环供应链成员利润分配的影响

政府以旧换新补贴政策能刺激产品市场并打破闭环供应链的利润分配格局.论文以家电以旧换新为研究背景,构建了无财政补贴下的闭环供应链的成员利润分配模型和以旧换新补贴下的成员利润分配模型,采用博弈论技术求解出在两种模型下的闭环供应链的成员利润分配情况,通过对比分析表明：实施以旧换新补贴策略能大幅度提升产品的销量、废旧品的回收量、三方的利润和销售额以及降低回收成本;政府可以通过补贴系数来有效调整闭环供应链的成员利润分配格局;政府补贴额平均值、补贴系数以及补贴限额对于补贴影响函数趋势变化具有显著影响。     

考虑制造商失望规避的供应链碳减排与定价决策研究

分别在垄断与双寡头竞争情形下，研究不同市场结构下的低碳供应链运营决策问题，考虑减排技术投资的不确定性会引起制造商的失望规避行为，在两种情形下构建相应的博弈模型，探讨供应链的最优减排技术投资水平与定价决策问题.研究表明：垄断情形下，均衡结果与失望规避系数负相关，与减排技术投资成本效率正相关；竞争情形下，无论是低碳制造商主导还是双方权力对等，均衡结果与失望规避系数负相关、与消费者单位旅行成本正相关，低碳制造商主导时的低碳产品零售价格高于权力对等时，低碳制造商主导时的减排技术投资水平小于双方权力对等时，低碳制造商的期望利润和效用与减排技术投资的成本系数负相关，而普通制造商恰恰相反.     

多维属性空间中的横向产品差异化决策

以Hotelling模型为背景,探讨多维属性空间中的横向产品差异化问题,通过构造多阶段动态博弈模型,以逆推归纳法来求子博弈精炼纳什均衡解.当两企业同时进行定位决策时,在被支配属性上两企业都定位于市场中央,在支配属性上两企业都定位于市场之外;当两企业先后进行定位决策时,在被支配属性上两企业都定位于市场中央,在支配属性上先进入市场的企业定位于市场的中央,后进入市场的企业定位于市场外.研究结果表明,在多维属性空间的差异化博弈中,一个支配维度上的差异化则可以减轻价格竞争;同时,在多维属性空间中也存在着显著的先行者优势.     

时间敏感下供应链研发决策优化研究

一个单一零部件供应商(CS)和一个总装制造商(AM)构成一个制造供应链,双方合作研发一种处于成长期的产品,在新产品的上市时间不仅影响产品的市场需求、产品的市场价格,还影响产品的研发成本的情况下,研究供应链整体的最优响应策略,以及分散决策下供应链的协调问题.通过比较分散决策和集中决策下供应链上各企业的利润,提出了价格补贴策略,用博弈论的方法探讨了博弈均衡存在的条件,并得到了可以实现供应链Pareto改进的有效研发合作方案.最后结合一个汽车行业供应链实例进行了数值分析,进一步验证了研究结论的正确性.     

垄断企业数字内容产品最优版权保护与定价决策

随着科技的发展以及数字产品的市场需求增加,盗版产品越来越多.研究了垄断企业在存在版权保护成本的情况下,在不同市场条件下对数字内容产品版权的最优决策(版权保护强度以及产品定价).提出了一个版权保护成本函数,并且具体刻画了版权保护成本与版权保护强度及产品价格之间的关系.按照市场消费者情况,将市场分为两种:无盗版市场及盗版市场.研究结果表明,版权保护强度并不是越高越好;且对于垄断企业来说:当消费者盗版厌恶度较低时,盗版市场与无盗版市场最终利润几乎无差异;当消费者盗版厌恶度较高时,不采取版权保护措施反而更有利.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.