Unscented Kalman filter for SINS alignment

In order to improve the filter accuracy for the nonlinear error model of strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS) alignment, Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) is presented for simulation with stationary base and moving base of SINS alignment. Simulation results show the superior performance of this approach when compared with classical suboptimal techniques such as extended Kalman filter in eases of large initial misalignment. The UKF has good performance in case of small initial misalignment.     

New rapid transfer alignment method for SINS of airborne weapon systems

Transfer alignment is an effective alignment method for the strapdown inertial navigation system （SINS） of airborne weapon systems. The traditional transfer alignment methods for large misalignment angles alignment use nonlinear transfer align- ment models and incorporate nonlinear filtering. A rapid transfer alignment method with linear models and linear filtering for ar- bitrary misalignment angles is presented. Through the attitude quaternion decomposition, the purpose of transfer alignment is converted to estimate a constant quaternion. Employing special manipulations on measurement equation, velocity and attitude linear measurement equations are derived. Then the linear trans- fer alignment model for arbitrary misalignment angles is built. An adaptive Kalman filter is developed to handle modeling errors of the measurement noise statistics. Simulation results show feasibili- ty and effectiveness of the proposed method, which provides an alternative rapid transfer alignment method for airborne weapons.     

基于混合迭代UKF的捷联惯导对准算法设计

捷联惯导系统陀螺噪声过大时,自对准无法使方位失准角估计收敛到真值,设计了一种磁强计辅助对准方法,满足对准精度要求并可同步估计磁场强度和磁倾角。非线性滤波方法UKF相比EKF估计精度高但收敛速度慢,迭代UKF算法可提高收敛速度但计算量也显著增大。将超球面分布采样点变换（SSUT）应用于UKF迭代过程,设计了一种混合迭代UKF算法。仿真表明该混合迭代UKF算法加快了收敛速度,保证了滤波精度,同时又减少了计算量。

Abstract：

The azimuth misalignment-angle estimation of SINS could not converge to the true value without assistance duo to the over too strong noise of gyros.An alignment method assisted by magnetometers was designed to estimate the misalignment angles as well as the magnetic field intensity and the magnetic obliquity.Nonlinear filtering method UKF was more precise than EKF but converged slowly.Iterated UKF could promote the convergence rate but increased the calculation amount greatly.A combined iterated UKF algorithm was proposed by applying spherical simplex unscented transform to the iterated process.Simulation indicates that the algorithm promotes the convergence rate,guarantees the precision,and reduces the calculation amount.     

基于自适应UKF算法的机载INS/GPS空中对准研究

在空中对准失准角不满足小角度假设的条件下,推导了一种新的机载INS/GPS大失准角空中对准的误差模型。将基于极大似然估计的自适应估计器与无迹卡尔曼滤波(unscented Kalman filter, UKF)算法相结合,修改自适应滤波算法中自适应参数的表达式。提出将自适应UKF算法用于非线性误差模型的空中对准方案中。仿真表明,自适应UKF算法能够克服噪声统计模型不准确对滤波结果的影响,失准角估计的精度好于UKF算法的精度。     

基于插值非线性滤波的SINS静基座初始对准

讨论了捷联惯性导航系统（SINS）静基座初始对准的非线性和线性误差模型,提出一种基于插值非线性滤波的SINS静基座初始对准方法.分析了插值非线性滤波原理,给出了系统加性噪声情况下的二阶插值非线性滤波递推算法.进行了静基座状态下基于KF、EKF和插值非线性滤波的初始对准仿真.仿真结果表明,在大方位失准角的情况下,基于插值非线性滤波的对准方法具有更高的估计精度,且无需计算Jacobian矩阵,相对于EKF计算量更小,实现更为简单.     

Novel approach to GPS/SINS integration for IMU alignment

Strapdown inertial navigation system(SINS) requires an initialization process that establishes the relationship between the body frame and the local geographic reference.This process,called alignment,is generally used to estimate the initial attitude angles.This is possible because an accurate determination of the inertial measurement unit(IMU) motion is available based on the measurement obtained from global position system(GPS).But the update frequency of GPS is much lower than SINS.Due to the non-synchronous data streams from GPS and SINS,the initial attitude angles may not be computed accurately enough.In addition,the estimated initial attitude angles may have relatively large uncertainties that can affect the accuracy of other navigation parameters.This paper presents an effective approach of matching the velocities which are provided by GPS and SINS.In this approach,a digital high-pass filter,which implements a pre-filtering scheme of the measured signal,is used to filter the Schuler cycle of discrete velocity difference between the SINS and GPS.Simulation results show that this approach improves the accuracy greatly and makes the convergence time satisfy the required accuracy.     

UPF based autonomous navigation scheme for deep space probe

The autonomous ＂celestial navigation scheme＂ for deep space probe departing from the earth and the autonomous ＂optical navigation scheme＂ for encountering object celestial body are presented. Then, aiming at the conditions that large initial estimation errors and non-Gaussian distribution of state or measurement errors may exist in orbit determination process of the two phases, UPF （unscented particle filter） is introduced into the navigation schemes. By tackling nonlinear and non-Gaussian problems, UPF overcomes the accuracy influence brought by the traditional EKF （extended Kalman filter）, UKF （unscented Kalman filter）, and PF （particle filter） schemes in approximate treatment to nonlinear and non-Gaussian state model and measurement model. The numerical simulations demonstrate the feasibility and higher accuracy of the UPF navigation scheme.     

一种改进的不敏粒子滤波算法

提出了一种改进的不敏粒子滤波（UPF,Unscented Particle Filter）算法。和传统的UPF相比,该算法有两点改进,首先,在形成＂粒子云＂时,直接采用当前时刻各粒子的UKF（Unscented Kalman Filter）估计作为粒子,在保证粒子有效性的同时,减少了UKF之后的重采样过程;然后,结合新的粒子产生办法,重新定义了权值计算方法,避免了对各粒子重要概率的复杂计算。仿真表明,改进算法在减少计算量的同时,有效地提高了跟踪稳定性和跟踪精度。

Abstract：

An improved Unscented Particle Filter （UPF） algorithm was proposed.Compared with traditional UPF,it has been improved at two points.First,when producing particle cloudy,it directly uses the current particle estimation of Unscented Kalman Filter （UKF） as new particle,which guarantees the validity of particles and eliminates the re-sampling process after UKF as well;then,according to the new particle-producing method,a weight-calculating formula is re-defined,so as to avoid the complicated computation of proposal probability of every particle.A simulation shows that the Improved UPF （I-UPF） can effectively enhance the tracking stability and tracking precision and reduce computational cost at the same time.     

5阶CKF在捷联惯导非线性对准中的应用研究

为了提高动基座下车载捷联惯导系统(strapdown inertial navigation system, SINS)的初始对准精度和缩短对准时间,在不进行粗对准的前提下,利用5阶容积卡尔曼滤波(cubature Kalman filter, CKF)完成非线性对准。针对3阶CKF滤波精度不高、5阶高斯厄密特滤波器计算量过大的问题,基于多项式逼近的思想详细推导了5阶球面径向容积规则,继而提出了5阶CKF并分析了该算法的滤波精度、采样量和数值稳定性,利用奇异值分解代替Cholesky分解来增强滤波稳定性。实验结果表明,该方法能够有效完成大失准角下的非线性对准,精度高于3阶CKF。     

SINS/CNS/GPS integrated navigation algorithm based on UKF

A new nonlinear algorithm is proposed for strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS)/celestial navigation system (CNS)/global positioning system (GPS) integrated navigation systems. The algorithm employs a nonlinear system error model which can be modified by unscented Kalman filter (UKF) to give predictions of local filters. And these predictions can be fused by the federated Kalman filter. In the system error model, the rotation vector is introduced to denote vehicle’s attitude and has less variables tha...     

KF/UPF在SINS大方位失准角初始对准中的应用

为解决捷联惯导系统大方位失准角初始对准中状态维数较高,直接应用无迹粒子滤波(unscented particle filter, UPF)会带来维数灾难的问题,提出了基于卡尔曼滤波(Kalman filter, KF) /UPF组合滤波的初始对准方法。将非线性初始对准模型分解为线性与非线性两部分,采用KF实现对线性部分的最优估计,采用UPF对系统的非线性部分进行状态估计。通过仿真比较不同粒子数下KF/UPF组合滤波算法和UPF算法,结果表明,KF/UPF组合滤波算法在保证初始对准精度和收敛速度的同时,将需要进行UPF滤波的状态维数由10 维降为3 维,减少了计算量,运算时间分别缩短至原来的52.69%和6.0%,提高了初始对准的实时性。     

基于UKF的低成本SINS/GPS组合导航系统滤波算法

针对MIMU的精度不高,会带来较大的初始对准误差角,如果继续采用传统的小干扰线性方程就会给滤波带来很大误差,甚至发散。针对这个问题,对低成本SINS/GPS组合导航系统建立了基于四元数误差模型的非线性滤波方程,并采用了UKF非线性滤波方法。针对四元数误差模型单纯使用UKF方法无法估计加计零偏和陀螺漂移的问题,提出将UKF和EKF相结合的算法,仿真结果表明,比起扩展卡尔曼滤波以及采用传统小干扰线性方程的卡尔曼滤波,这种方法能够提高姿态误差角特别是方位误差角的估计精度。     

降维 CKF 算法及其在SINS 初始对准中的应用

针对常规容积卡尔曼滤波(cubature Kalman filter, CKF)算法在捷联惯导系统（strapdown inertial navigation system, SINS）大方位失准角初始对准中采样点个数与状态向量维数成正比、计算量较大的问题,提出了降维CKF 算法。与常规CKF 算法相比,该算法只对离散化后的SINS 非线性误差模型中的大方位失准角进行采样,再利用三阶球面-相径容积规则计算后验均值和协方差,从而将采样向量从10 维降低到1 维,采样点数量从20个下降到2 个,减小了计算量。仿真实验结果表明,该算法与常规CKF 算法具有相同的对准精度,计算时间仅为常规CKF 算法的1/3,是一种较为实用的方法。     

#br# 基于降维CKF和平滑的SINS/OD动基座对准

为了提高捷联惯导(strapdown inertial navigation system, SINS)/里程计(odometer, OD)动基座对准精度,使对准过程中具备一定精度的位置导航能力,提出了一种动基座非线性对准方法。首先对非线性系统进行简化并应用降维容积卡尔曼滤波(reduced dimension cubature Kalman filter,RD-CKF)进行非线性对准,保证非线性对准过程中能够进行位置导航,对准结束时保证失准角为小角度。然后非线性R-T-S平滑至初始时刻进行校正,利用卡尔曼滤波再次对准,获得对准结束时刻高精度的姿态和位置导航。进行了实车实验,实验结果表明了方案的有效性。     

Novel method of improving the alignment accuracy of SINS on revolving mounting base

In the process of initial alignment for a strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS) on a stationary base, the east gyro drift rate is an important factor affecting the alignment accuracy of the azimuth misalignment angle. When the Kalman filtering algorithm is adopted in initial alignment, it yields a constant error in the estimation of the azimuth misalignment angle because the east gyro drift rate cannot be estimated. To improve the alignment accuracy, a novel alignment method on revolving mounting base is proposed. The Kalman filtering algorithm of extending the measured values is studied. The theory of spectral condition number is utilized to analyze the degrees of observability of states. Simulation results show that the estimation accuracy of the azimuth misalignment angle is greatly improved through a revolving mounting base, and the proposed method is efficient in initial alignment for a medium accurate SINS.     

单轴旋转SINS方位陀螺漂移精确估计方法

为了减小方位陀螺漂移对单轴旋转捷联惯性导航系统(strapdown inertial navigation system, SINS)长时间定位精度影响,提出了一种方位陀螺漂移在线估计方法。对SINS误差参数进行分析,指出东向陀螺漂移和方位失准角精度决定方位陀螺漂移估计值精度。利用优化后的卡尔曼(Kalman)滤波器在线估计SINS失准角并进行补偿,在此基础上进一步使用Kalman滤波器估计惯性测量单元(inertial measurement unit, IMU)误差。进行了转台三轴摇摆和车载行进间验证实验,车载行进间验证实验中,IMU误差估计完成后转入到纯惯性导航,其12 h的定位误差为2.12n mile,系统定位精度满足中等精度单轴旋转SINS长时间导航需求。     

基于惯性参考系线性滤波传递对准方法

提出一种机载武器捷联惯导系统任意失准角情况下的传递对准方法。该方法以两个相对惯性空间指向不变的坐标系为基础,将姿态四元数分解为可由子惯导陀螺仪输出计算的四元数、可由主惯导传递的信息计算的四元数以及需要估计的常值四元数。对比力方程进行数学变换,得到了线性量测方程。建立了任意失准角情况下的线性传递对准模型。设计了一种自适应卡尔曼滤波算法以解决观测噪声方差阵难以精确计算的问题。仿真结果表明,该方法在任意失准角情况下都能得到较高的对准精度,为机载武器捷联惯导系统提供了一种有效的传递对准方法。