基于正交小波变换的奇对称误差函数盲均衡算法

针对常数模（Constant Modulus Algorithm,CMA）收敛速度慢、均方误差大的缺点,在分析基于正交小波变换的盲均衡器结构及奇对称误差函数的特性基础上,提出了一种基于正交小波变换的奇对称误差函数盲均衡算法（WT-OSE,orthogonal Wavelet Transform based Odd Symmetry Error function blind equalization algorithm）,该算法通过归一化正交小波变换来加速收敛速度,用误差函数的奇对称性以减小均方误差,利用变步长来进一步加快收敛速度。水声信道的仿真结果表明,该算法具有较快的收敛速度和较小的均方误差。

Abstract：

Aiming at the slow convergence rate and big mean square error of Constant Modulus Algorithm（CMA）,orthogonal wavelet transform based odd symmetry error function blind equalization algorithm blind equalization algorithm was proposed,on the basis of orthogonal wavelet transform based blind equalizer structure and characteristics of odd symmetry error function,the convergence rate of the proposed algorithm could be improved by normalized orthogonal wavelet transform and its mean square error could be reduced by odd symmetry of error function and the convergence rate was further improved via using the performance of variable step size.Simulation tests with underwater acoustic channel indicate that the proposed algorithm has not only faster convergence rate but also less mean square error.     

基于UKF神经网络的姿态测量信息融合算法

针对融合系统建模误差、噪声统计特性不精确性和环境的动态变化性致使传统联合滤波过程中融合权值难以确定,引入人工智能中的神经网络,提出了基于神经网络的多信息自适应智能估计融合算法研究;利用神经网络的自适应能力对状态估计融合结果进行实时辅助补偿和修正,将非线性最优估计与神经网络技术相结合,重点研究了基于UKF的神经元融合权重在线自适应学习算法,以便在缺少准确局部子滤波器协方差信息情况下,仍能使全局估计融合结果最优,从理论上证明了UKF学习算法优于传统EKF学习方法,并以卫星多姿态测量信息融合定姿系统为例,给出了计算实例和结论分析,表明了所提出的模型与算法在实际应用中的有效性。

Abstract：

The fusion weight of traditional Federal Kalman Filter is difficult to be determined because of the fusion system modeling error,the inaccuracy of noise statistic characteristics as well as the dynamic variability in the fusion filtering process.In order to solve this problem,a self-adaptive fusion estimation algorithm for multi-information measurement based on neural networks was presented,which used the self-adaptive ability of neural networks to make real-time compensation and amendment for the state fusion estimation results.Combining a nonlinear optimal estimation with neural network,an online adaptive training algorithm for the weights of neuron based on Unscented Kalman filter （UKF） was researched,which could still realize the optimal fusion for the global estimation even if the accurate covariance information of each local sub-filter were absent.The performances of UKF training algorithm and the traditional EKF algorithm were analyzed and compared,and moreover taking the multi-information fusion system for satellite attitude determination as the experimental example,the simulation calculation and analysis were advanced,which show that the presented models and algorithms are effective in the actual application.     

基于“当前”统计模型的高动态GPS信号跟踪算法

提出了一种新的高动态GPS信号跟踪算法,基于＂当前＂统计模型对载波瞬时相位过程、瞬时频率及瞬时频率变化率过程进行建模;在此基础上,结合系统状态方程为线性而量测方程为非线性的特性,采用简化UKF算法对信号参数进行估计,同时采用EKF和标准UKF滤波算法在同等条件下对信号参数进行估计比对。仿真结果表明对信号参数所建模型能真实反映信号的过程,验证了所建模型的正确性的;简化UKF参数估计结果不仅精度与标准UKF相当且具有较高的运算效率,能更好满足高动态下的实时性需求。

Abstract：

A new high dynamic GPS signal tracking algorithm was proposed.Based on current statistical model,a new model for the GPS signal transitional process was established.Since the system involved a linear state equation and a nonlinear measurement equation,a simple Unscented Kalman Filter （UKF） algorithm was applied to estimation the signal parameters.For comparison purpose,an Extended Kalman Filter （EKF） algorithm and a standard UKF algorithm were also applied to the system to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed filtering algorithm.Simulation results show that the new model can precisely represent the real signal process,and the simple UKF algorithm achieves high precision comparable to standard UKF with higher operation efficiency.Therefore,the new model and the proposed algorithm can satisfy real time requirement in high dynamic environment.     

Method of neural network modulation recognition based on clustering and Polak-Ribiere algorithm

To improve the recognition rate of signal modulation recognition methods based on the clustering algorithm under the low SNR, a modulation recognition method is proposed. The characteristic parameter of the signal is extracted by using a clustering algorithm, the neural network is trained by using the algorithm of variable gradient correction （Polak-Ribiere） so as to enhance the rate of convergence, improve the performance of recognition under the low SNR and realize modulation recognition of the signal based on the modulation system of the constellation diagram. Simulation results show that the recognition rate based on this algorithm is enhanced over 30% compared with the methods that adopt clustering algorithm or neural network based on the back propagation algorithm alone under the low SNR. The recognition rate can reach 90% when the SNR is 4 dB, and the method is easy to be achieved so that it has a broad application prospect in the modulating recognition.     

UKF-based attitude determination method for gyroless satellite

UKF (unscented Kalman filtering) is a new filtering method suitable to nonlinear systems. The method need not linearize nonlinear systems at the prediction stage of filtering, which is indispensable in EKF ( extended Kalman filtering) . As a result, the linearization error is avoided, and the filtering accuracy is greatly improved. UKF is applied to the attitude determination for gyroless satellite. Simulations are made to compare the new filter with the traditional EKF. The results indicate that under same conditions, compared with EKF, UKF has faster convergence speed, higher filtering accuracy and more stable estimation performance.     

Unscented extended Kalman filter for target tracking

A new method of unscented extended Kalman filter (UEKF) for nonlinear system is presented. This new method is a combination of the unscented transformation and the extended Kalman filter (EKF). The extended Kalman filter is similar to that in a conventional EKF. However, in every running step of the EKF the unscented transformation is running, the deterministic sample is caught by unscented transformation, then posterior mean of nonlinearity is caught by propagating, but the posterior covariance of nonlinearity is caught by linearizing. The accuracy of new method is a little better than that of the unscented Kalman filter (UKF), however, the computational time of the UEKF is much less than that of the UKF.     

基于文化克隆选择算法的梯级水电站联合优化调度

为求解梯级水电站联合优化调度问题,提出文化克隆选择算法（CCSA）。CCSA将克隆选择算法（CSA）嵌入文化算法（CA）框架,并根据克隆选择算法的特点,重新定义了文化算法信念空间的4种知识结构,进而利用这些知识结构指导克隆选择算法的演化过程,避免了高频变异对收敛速度的不利影响,从而提高了算法的收敛速度和搜索效率。函数仿真测试结果表明CCSA在继承CSA多样性好、不易早熟特点的基础上,收敛速度也有进一步提高。将CCSA应用于梯级水电站联合优化调度问题的求解,取得满意效果,为求解该问题提供了一种新的可行方法。

Abstract：

A novel optimization approach-cultured clone select algorithm （CCSA） was proposed to solve optimal dispatch problem of cascade hydroelectric stations.CCSA used cultural algorithm （CA） as its framework and clone select algorithm （CSA） in its population space.Considering the characteristics of CSA,CCSA redefined four knowledge structures in belief space and used these structures to guide the evolution process of CSA.By doing this,CCSA abated the adverse affect caused by high-frequency to convergence rate,thus it converged faster without destroying diversity.CCSA is first tested by several test functions,it is found that CCSA can avoid premature convergence effectively and has fast convergence rate.Then CCSA is applied to an optimal dispatch problem of cascade hydroelectric stations,the results show that it is effective and can be an alternative for this problem.     

一种基于高斯牛顿迭代的单站无源定位算法

由于初始估计误差大、可观测性弱,且可得到的观测量受限等特点,对运动辐射源的快速单站被动定位一直是个难题。针对单站无源定位特点,对IEKF(iterated extended Kalman filter)算法进行改进,该算法对IEKF中的测量更新按照高斯牛顿迭代方法进行修正,从而减小非线性滤波的线性化误差,改善滤波算法性能。所提算法和UKF(unscented Kalman filter)I、EKF以及EKF(extended Kalman filter)算法的仿真比较表明,提出的算法可以用更小的计算量得到和UKF相当甚至更好的定位性能,在定位精度和收敛速度上明显优于IEKF以及EKF。     

STRONG CONVERGENCE OF MONOTONE HYBRID METHOD FOR FIXED POINT ITERATION PROCESSES*

K. Nakajo and W. Takahashi in 2003 proved the strong convergence theorems for nonex-pansive mappings, nonexpansive semigroups, and proximal point algorithm for zero point of monotone operators in Hilbert spaces by using the hybrid method in mathematical programming. The purpose of this paper is to modify the hybrid iteration method of K. Nakajo and W. Takahashi through the monotone hybrid method, and to prove strong convergence theorems. The convergence rate of iteration process of the monotone hybrid method is faster than that of the iteration process of the hybrid method of K. Nakajo and W. Takahashi. In the proofs in this article, Cauchy sequence method is used to avoid the use of the demiclosedness principle and Opial＇s condition.     

IUKF neural network modeling for FOG temperature drift

A novel neural network based on iterated unscented Kalman filter （IUKF） algorithm is established to model and com- pensate for the fiber optic gyro （FOG） bias drift caused by temperature. In the network, FOG temperature and its gradient are set as input and the FOG bias drift is set as the expected output. A 2-5-1 network trained with IUKF algorithm is established. The IUKF algorithm is developed on the basis of the unscented Kalman filter （UKF）. The weight and bias vectors of the hidden layer are set as the state of the UKF and its process and measurement equations are deduced according to the network architecture. To solve the unavoidable estimation deviation of the mean and covariance of the states in the UKF algorithm, iterative computation is introduced into the UKF after the measurement update. While the measure- ment noise R is extended into the state vectors before iteration in order to meet the statistic orthogonality of estimate and mea- surement noise. The IUKF algorithm can provide the optimized estimation for the neural network because of its state expansion and iteration. Temperature rise （-20-20℃） and drop （70-20℃） tests for FOG are carried out in an attemperator. The temperature drift model is built with neural network, and it is trained respectively with BP, UKF and IUKF algorithms. The results prove that the proposed model has higher precision compared with the back- propagation （BP） and UKF network models.     

多机无源跟踪迭代UKF算法

为利用多机实现对目标的快速高精度无源跟踪,提出了一种新的迭代无味卡尔曼滤波（unscented Kalman filter,UKF）算法。所提算法利用随机变量的概率密度函数变换,求得了直接关于目标状态的似然函数,并据此利用最大似然估计迭代求解当前时刻的目标状态,推导了能达到最大似然面的迭代求解准则,将该准则与UKF算法结合得到新的迭代UKF算法。以多机只测角跟踪为例,对所提算法的性能进行仿真分析,仿真结果表明,相对于已有的迭代UKF算法,所提算法具有更好的跟踪性能,实用性强。     

基于UKF的单站无源定位与跟踪双向预测滤波算法

提出了一种新的滤波算法,以加快滤波算法的收敛速度和提高滤波的估计精度。反向预测与更新提高了上一时刻状态估计的精度,减小了当前时刻的状态预测误差。利用更准确的初始条件经过正向预测与更新,能得到当前状态更精确的估计值。计算机仿真结果表明,本算法的滤波性能优于传统的迭代滤波算法,既提高了滤波的估计精度,又加快了算法的收敛速度。     

快速强跟踪UKF算法及其在机动目标跟踪中的应用

当系统模型不能正确描述真实系统时,强跟踪无迹卡尔曼滤波(unscented Kalman filter, UKF)能很好地弥补传统UKF鲁棒性差的不足,保证滤波精度,但需要额外使用无迹变换,极大地增加计算量。针对这一问题,利用Taylor展开分析渐消因子在UKF中的机理,建立渐消因子近似引入方法,提出快速强跟踪UKF。基于统计浮点运算次数的方法定性分析计算量,表明快速强跟踪UKF计算量与传统UKF相近。根据滤波收敛性判据,讨论了强跟踪UKF的收敛性。仿真实例证明,快速强跟踪UKF滤波精度与强跟踪UKF相差无几,计算量大幅降低。     

SR-UPF在探测器自主光学导航中的应用研究(英文)

提出了一种用于探测器在巡航段的自主光学导航方案,该方案利用光学导航相机以及星敏感器,通过测量星光信息以及天体边缘的信息,得出了探测器的相对位置.在此基础上针对导航系统状态方程和观测方程的非线性问题,提出了SR-UPF(Square-Root Unscented Particle Filter)算法,该方法将平方根UKF滤波和粒子滤波有机结合起来,可更好地提高自主导航系统的准确度和可靠性.通过数学仿真表明改进的算法与原UPF算法相比,收敛速度更快,滤波精度更高.     

基于UKF的低成本SINS/GPS组合导航系统滤波算法

针对MIMU的精度不高,会带来较大的初始对准误差角,如果继续采用传统的小干扰线性方程就会给滤波带来很大误差,甚至发散。针对这个问题,对低成本SINS/GPS组合导航系统建立了基于四元数误差模型的非线性滤波方程,并采用了UKF非线性滤波方法。针对四元数误差模型单纯使用UKF方法无法估计加计零偏和陀螺漂移的问题,提出将UKF和EKF相结合的算法,仿真结果表明,比起扩展卡尔曼滤波以及采用传统小干扰线性方程的卡尔曼滤波,这种方法能够提高姿态误差角特别是方位误差角的估计精度。     

捷联惯导系统简化非线性对准研究

对任意大失准角条件下的捷联惯导系统非线性对准进行了建模和简化,并给出了差分GPS辅助条件下的大失准角行进间对准简化模型。针对四组不同量级的初始姿态失准角,分别采用线性模型和非线性模型进行卡尔曼滤波（KF）和Unscented卡尔曼滤波（UKF）静态对准仿真,结果表明文中大失准角非线性模型可适用于任意角度的初始对准,小失准角和大方位失准角情况下UKF对准可达角分级精度,但在水平和方位皆为大失准角情况下UKF收敛至一定程度后仍需与KF配合使用。

Abstract：

Modeling for Strapdown Inertial Navigation System （SINS） initial alignment with arbitrarily misalignment angles was created and simplified,and the nonlinear alignment modeling for SINS initial alignment on-move with the help of Differential GPS （DGPS） was proposed.Simulations of static-base initial alignments through linear Kalman Filtering （KF） and nonlinear Unscented Kalman Filtering （UKF） were carried out with four different weights of initial misalignment angles.Results show that the simplified nonlinear model can implement initial alignment with arbitrarily misalignment angles.The nonlinear UKF can reach minute magnitude precision as all of misalignment angles are small or only azimuth misalignment angle is large.However,if both initial horizontal and azimuth misalignment angles are large,KF is still recommended to use after UKF convergence to small scales.     

联合高斯回归的平方根UKF方法

针对传统的滤波方法容易受系统动态模型不确定性和噪声协方差不准确的限制这一问题,提出一种将高斯过程回归融入平方根不敏卡尔曼滤波（unscented Kalam filter,UKF）算法中的滤波算法。该算法用高斯过程对训练数据进行学习,得到动态系统的回归模型及系统噪声的协方差;采用标准的平方根UKF算法,状态方程和观测方程,相应的噪声协方差由高斯过程实时自适应调整。将应用于飞行器SINS/GPS组合导航,结果表明,该方法能够自适应系统噪声,收敛速度快,导航精度高。     

基于Kalman／UKF组合训练神经网络的初始对准方法

针对基于Unscented卡尔曼滤波(UKF)的神经网络训练学习方法存在的计算量大,实时性差的问题,提出了一种基于Kalman/UKF组合滤波原理的神经网络学习方法,该方法综合了Kalman滤波对线性系统和UKF对非线性系统的最优估计的优势,在保证神经网络权值估计精度的同时,有效降低了神经网络权值学习的计算量,提高了神经网络训练的实时性。最后将该利用方法训练的神经网络应用于惯性导航系统的非线性初始对准过程中,并进行了仿真研究。仿真结果表明利用提出的算法训练的神经网络与基于UKF训练的神经网络具有相同的对准精度和实时性,而提出的算法的有效降低了神经网络训练的计算量,提高了训练的运行效率,是解决惯性导航系统初始对准的一种有效和实用的方法。