基于并联机构的踝关节康复机器人研究

针对踝关节的康复运动问题,提出一种3-RRS/SS踝关节康复并联机构,进行该并联机构的运动学建模及虚拟样机仿真分析,分析结果表明,并联机构能实现三个方向的旋转运动.研制踝关节康复并联机构样机,实施样机控制,控制的结果表明,并联机构的运动范围能满足人体踝关节康复运动需求.     

并联踝康复机器人的系统搭建与运动控制策略

针对踝功能障碍患者,研制2-UPS/RRR并联踝康复机器人,协助患者进行踝关节背伸/趾屈、内翻/外翻及内收/外展运动康复训练。踝康复机器人系统包含机器人机械本体、驱动电机、编码器和力/矩传感器、上位机和下位机的软硬件等,具有踝关节力/位置信息检测与主/被动康复训练功能。通过建立踝康复机器人的运动学模型,计算电机驱动速度与机器人动平台角速度的映射关系,并根据患者踝关节肌力等级与训练需要,规划康复训练的运动轨迹,进行踝关节被动康复训练。基于力/矩传感器的信息检测,对患者踝关节进行运动意图识别,实现由运动意图驱动的机器人控制即主动康复训练。最后,针对踝关节的3种典型运动方式,遴选健康的受试者分别进行主/被动康复训练实验。研究结果表明:研制的并联踝康复机器人具有完善的康复训练策略和良好的运动稳定性。     

基于人体姿态信息的下肢康复机器人运动控制技术

针对下肢运动功能障碍患者术后康复训练辅助设备的跟随控制问题,本研究提出一种基于人体姿态信息的下肢康复机器人运动控制方法。根据康复机器人的结构特性和功能要求,建立机器人运动数据信息采集系统和下肢康复机器人的运动学模型;构建机器人平台上的人体姿态行为信息采集传感器系统,通过分析位移传感器所采集的数据,得到表征人体姿态行为变化的相关信息,经上位机计算生成康复机器人的期望跟随速度;同时,基于模糊PID控制算法设计了跟随控制器。通过仿真和实验验证该控制算法能够有效减小机器人实时跟踪使用者运动过程中的误差,实现康复机器人对人体运动姿态良好的跟随效果。     

踝关节康复机构的研究

人体踝关节有三个自由度,踝关节扭伤后,须进行适当的康复训练.但目前已有的踝关节康复机器人大多只训练一个自由度,缺少多自由度的踝关节康复运动机构,针对这一问题,提出了一种锻炼伸屈、内外翻两个自由度的卧式踝关节康复机构方案,并完成其本体结构设计.     

上肢康复机器人机构设计与分析

针对上肢功能障碍患者的自主康复训练问题,在对现有康复机器人研究方案的深度剖析的基础上,为简化机构降低成本,提出了一种基于气缸驱动的2自由度上肢康复机器人.首先在SolidWorks建立上肢康复机器人的整体模型,通过D-H分析法建立坐标系,求得系统正运动的参数方程,利用Matlab对该机器人末端机构的位置进行分析,其次运用雅克比矩阵求解末端执行器的速度,结合ADAMS对建立的上肢康复机器人模型进行运动学仿真分析,最后在ANAYS中对大臂支撑件和小臂支撑件进行静力学分析.研究结果表明,该上肢康复机器人机构在简化结构后,仍然能保证康复训练的可行性,为上肢机器人的推广使用提供了理论参考.     

双臂空间机器人系统动力学与关节运动的非线性反馈控制

利用拉格朗日方程建立了漂浮基双臂空间机器人系统的动力学方程,给出了载体位置、姿态均不受控制情况下,双臂空间机器人关节运动的非线性反馈控制规律.结果表明,在系统动力学模型及参数较精确确定情况下,本文提出的控制方案能够有效地控制双臂空间机器人系统完成关节空间的指定运动,而不需对其载体的位置、姿态进行主动控制.仿真计算结果证实了方法的有效性.     

运动副布置对3-SPR并联机构工作空间的影响分析

通过改变3-SPR并联机构的运动副布置,得到了10种典型的3-SPR并联机构,分析了它们的位置特性.采用CAD尺寸驱动技术求解了机构的工作空间,定义了描述工作空间及动平台姿态变化的参数,对10种机构的工作空间及姿态变化范围进行了比较,分析了运动副布置对于3-SPR并联机构工作空间及姿态变化的影响.     

2自由度腕关节康复机器人的代理滑模控制方法

针对传统机器人控制方法未考虑运动过程安全性能的问题,采用了一种基于代理的滑模控制方法对气动肌肉驱动的穿戴式2自由度腕关节康复机器人进行位置控制.该方法结合滑模控制与PID控制的优点,既保证了位置控制的跟踪精度,又确保了运动过程的安全性.对康复机器人的轨迹跟踪实验表明:该方法可以取得很好的跟踪效果,并且对扰动的屈从性和系统的安全性有明显的提高.     

空间机器人抓捕非合作目标的自主强化学习控制

近年来,空间机器人在轨服务已成为许多国家的研究热点.本文针对空间机器人抓捕非合作目标任务,提出了一种强化学习控制与PD控制组成的双回路控制方法,对空间机器人基座平台姿态与机械臂运动进行控制.首先,对空间机器人的空间任务进行分析,建立包含基座平台姿态与机械臂运动的空间机器人耦合动力学模型;然后,设计双回路控制系统分别对机械臂运动与基座平台姿态进行控制,内回路中将强化学习与模糊理论结合在一起设计控制器对机械臂末端运动进行控制,外回路中采用PD控制对基座平台姿态进行稳定控制;最后,使用所提控制方法进行数值仿真,并与传统PD控制方法作对比,验证所提控制方法的有效性.结果表明,强化学习控制下的机械臂运动过程平稳、控制精度高,与传统PD控制方法相比,具有一定的自主学习性,更加适应抓捕目标的非合作特性.     

自由漂浮双臂空间机器人关节空间轨迹跟踪的变结构滑模控制

利用多刚体系统动力学的方法对载体位置、姿态均不受控制的浮动基双臂空间机器人系统的运动学、动力学作了分析,并结合系统的动量守恒及动量矩守恒关系建立了系统的动力学方程.以此为基础,对双臂空间机器人关节追踪关节空间期望轨迹的控制问题作了研究.考虑到双臂空间机器人系统的结构复杂性及某些参数的变动性,根据具有较强鲁棒性的变结构滑模控制理论,设计了轨迹跟踪控制的变结构滑模控制方案.此控制方案的优点在于:在操作过程中不需要对双臂空间机器人载体的位置、姿态进行主动控制,因此将大大减少位置、姿态控制装置的燃料消耗.通过对该机器人系统的仿真计算,证实了文中提出的变结构滑模控制方案的有效性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-