益脑康片人参皂苷Rb1药动学及生物利用度研究

考察复方片剂中人参皂苷Rb1体内药动学特征及相对生物利用度,以获得药动学参数为临床疗效提供参考依据.方法:两组大鼠分别灌服益脑康片剂混悬液及三七西洋参提取物(灌胃剂量均相当给予人参皂苷Rb190 mg/kg)后,于不同时间采集血样,用高效液相色谱仪测定血药质量浓度,通过3p97药动学软件自动拟合数据获得药动学参数.大鼠灌胃给予益脑康片剂粉末(试验制剂)及三七和西洋参提取物(参比制剂)后,人参皂苷Rb1药动学行为均符合一室模型,试验制剂药动学参数为Ka=22.217 4 h-1、t1/2Ka=0.031 1 h、Ke=0.144 5 h-1、t1/2Ke=4.7979 h、AUC=666.1752(μg/mL).h;参比制剂药动学参数为Ka=5.428 9 h-1、t1/2Ka=0.1276 h、Ke=0.134 8 h-1、t1/2Ke=5.1413 h、AUC=622.526 0(μg/mL).h.由药动学参数求得益脑康片人参皂苷Rb1的相对生物利用度为107%.实验结果表明益脑康片剂中人参皂苷Rb1在体内的分布较快而代谢排除的速度较慢.人参皂苷Rb1相对生物利用度很高,预示可有较好的疗效.     

抗风湿涂膜剂的体内药物动力学研究

考察抗风湿涂膜剂中辣椒素和乌头类总生物碱在生物体内药动学特征,以获得药动学参数为临床应用提供参考依据.方法为给家兔背部按一定面积涂抹抗风湿涂膜剂后,于不同时间采取血样.分别用高效液相色谱仪和紫外可见分光光度计测定血药质量浓度,通过3P97药动学软件对所得的数据自动拟合获得药动学参数,得辣椒素药动学行为符合一室模型,主要药动学参数为Ka=1.160 013h-1t、1/2(Ka)=0.597 534 h、Ke=0.219 206 2 h-1t、1/2(Ke)=3.162 079 h、AUC=22.084 286(μg/mL)h;乌头类总生物碱药动学行为符合一室模型,主要药动学参数为Ka=0.300 004 9 h-1t、1/2(Ka)=2.310 453 h、Ke=0.185 421t、1/2(Ke)=3.738 234 h、AUC=22.389984(μg/mL).h.药代动力学实验表明,本制剂中辣椒素在动物体内吸收分布速率较快,而代谢消除速率较慢;而乌头类总生物碱吸收与代谢均较慢.二者吸收程度均较好.     

不同给药方式下恩诺沙星在鲤体内的药动学研究

对两组鲤分别进行腹腔注射、口灌恩诺沙星后,应用高效液相色谱法测定了其组织中的药物浓度,研究了恩诺沙星在鲤(Cyprinus carpio)体内的吸收、分布与消除等药代动力学参数.结果表明:两种给药方式下,鲤血浆、肝脏、肾脏和肌肉组织的药时曲线符合一级消除二室模型.腹腔注射给药血浆动力学参数:AUC为59.185 6 μg·h·mL-1、Ka为75.762 7 h-1、t1/2β为96.545 6 h、T(peak)为0.073 0 h、C(max)为3.297 0 μg·mL-1;灌服给药血浆动力学参数:AUC为600.296 1 μg·h·mL-1、Ka为0.169 3 h-1、t1/2β为168.287 1 h、T(peak)为3.665 5 h、C(max)为3.266 1 μg·mL-1.这说明腹腔注射给药比口灌给药吸收快,血药达峰时间短,达峰浓度高.     

畜禽用复方微量元素注射液中铜元素在猪体内的药物动力学研究

目的:明确畜禽用复方微量元素注射液中铜元素在猪体内的药物动力学参数.方法:猪单剂量肌注畜禽用复方微量元素注射液0.3 mL/kg(铜210 μg/kg),24 h不同时间10次前腔静脉采血,火焰原子吸收法(AAS)测定猪血清中铜元素的浓度,采用3P97软件对数据进行分析.结果:铜在猪体内的药动学过程均符合开放型一室模型,最佳药时曲线方程为C=1.213 0 e-0.145 5t-1.213 0 e-0.885 9t.其主要药动学参数为:吸收半衰期(T1/2Ka)=0.744 1±0.213 4 h,消除半衰期(T1/2Kel) =5.097 1±1.385 9 h,达峰时间(Tm)=2.352 0±0.439 h,达峰浓度(Cm)=0.706 9±0.068 8 μg/mL,曲线下面积(AUC) =7.108 0±1.114 7μg·h/mL.结论:肌肉注射畜禽用复方微量元素注射液后,元素铜在猪体内吸收较快,消除也相对较快.     

药饵投喂下诺氟沙星在凡纳滨对虾主要组织中的分布及消除规律研究

将诺氟沙星原药(98%)按质量比为1:1 000制成颗粒饵料投喂凡纳滨对虾,研究在养殖模式下诺氟沙星在凡纳滨对虾各组织中的分布及消除规律。采用高效液相色谱法结合药代动力学分析软件3P97分析诺氟沙星在凡纳滨对虾体内的药物回收率、动力学参数、药时曲线等参数。结果表明,诺氟沙星血药浓度时间曲线符合吸收二室模型,动力学方程分别为:C血淋巴=9.236 e-0.662 t+56.938 e-0.01 t-66.174 e-0.985 t,C肌肉=21.491 e-0.576 t+0.328 e-0.047 t-21.819 e-0.726 t,C肝胰腺=30 115.96 e-0.355 t+39.314 e-0.01 t-30 155.274 e-0.378 t。血淋巴、肌肉、肝胰腺中诺氟沙星达峰时间Tmax分别为1 h、4 h和4 h,峰浓度值Cmax分别为13.527 5 mg/L、1.904 4 mg/L和698.916 7 mg/L,表观分布容积V1/F分别为0.017 L/kg、0.210 L/kg和0.001 L/kg,吸收半衰期T1/2Ka分别为0.704 h、0.954 h和1.832 h,分布半衰期T1/2α分别为1.047 h、1.204 h和1.951 h,消除半衰期T1/2β分别为69.315 h、14.812 h和69.315 h,中央室向周边室转运的一级速率常数K12分别为4.347 h-1、0.098 h-1和0.098 h-1,周边室向中央室转运的一级速率常数K21分别为0.629 h-1、0.081 h-1和0.017 h-1,药时曲线下面积AUC分别为6.764 mg·h-1·L-1、9.538 mg·h-1·L-1和7013.467 mg·h-1·L-1。血淋巴、肌肉、肝胰腺组织中诺氟沙星浓度水平的结果表明,诺氟沙星在凡纳滨对虾3种组织中浓度最高的为肝胰腺;肌肉和血淋巴中诺氟沙星代谢较快,在投喂8 h后药物残留接近于零,但肝胰腺组织易蓄积诺氟沙星,其残留时间至16 d才未被检测到。实验实施期间为9月份,平均水温为28℃,因此,使用质量比为1:1 000制成颗粒饵料投喂凡纳滨对虾至少应经过448℃.d后才能消除。     

肝复康滴丸中黄芩苷体内药物动力学的研究

考察复方滴丸制剂中黄芩苷体内药动学的特征,以获得药动学参数为临床应用提供参考依据．给大鼠灌服肝复康滴丸后,于不同时间采取血样,用高效液相色谱仪测定血药浓度,通过DAS2．0药动学软件自动拟合数据获得药动学参数．大鼠灌胃给予肝复康滴丸后黄芩苷药动学行为符合二室模型,按黄芩苷3．6g／kg灌胃后主要药动学参数Ka、tmax、AUC、t1／2（Ka）、K21、K12、K10分别为22．744（1／h）、0．5h、20．43μg／mL、124．296（μg／mL）h、0．03h、0．068（1／h）、2．343（1／h）、5．891（1／h）．药代动力学实验表明,肝复康滴丸中黄芩苷在体内的分布较快而代谢排除的速度较慢．     

抗生素JI-20A分批发酵过程动力学研究

在抗生素JI - 2 0A分批发酵过程中 ,对数生长期最大 μx 可达 0 .0 5 8h- 1 ,最大Qst 约 3.91mg (mL·h) ,最大Es 为 2 2 .6 9U ;产物合成期Qp 最大可达 5 9.19μg (mL·h) ,μx ≤ 0 .0 2 2h- 1 ,Qst 约 0 .8～ 1.6mg (mL·h) .分别建立了菌体生长阶段和产物合成阶段的动力学模型 ,进行了模型参数的估计和回归 ,模型拟合偏差平方和≤ 5 %.     

单剂量口灌呋喃唑酮在草鱼体内消除及组织残留研究

按60 mg/kg的剂量给草鱼灌服呋喃唑酮,用高效液相色谱法检测用药后不同时间的血浆、肝脏、肾脏及肌肉中药物浓度,然后用MCPKP药代动力学软件处理药时数据,对药物在草鱼体内消除及组织残留进行研究.结果表明单剂量口灌呋喃唑酮在草鱼血液中主要药动学参数为 AUC 3.756 9 μg*h/mL, Cmax 0.517 6 μg/mL, t1/2α1.524 9 h,t1/2β22.863 2 h,Tpeak 2.229 6 h,k10 1.015 8 h-1,k12 0.124 9 h-1,k210.0654 7 h-1;给药后72 h肌肉和血浆中检测不到药物,7 d后肝、肾中药物消除.     

穿心莲片中脱水穿心莲内酯在小鼠血浆中的药动学

建立简单、快速的测定穿心莲片中脱水穿心莲内酯在小鼠血浆中浓度的反相高效液相色谱法,研究脱水穿心莲内酯在小鼠血浆中的药动学.血浆样品经甲醇、醋酸缓冲液(pH3.6)及乙酸乙酯处理后用于测定.色谱柱为:C18-ODS,流动相为:甲醇—乙腈—水(11.5∶28.5∶60),检测波长为252 mm.小鼠ig穿心莲片药液后,脱水穿心莲内酯的药动学行为符合一室开放模型,主要药动学参数分别为:Ka=0.577±0.771 m in-1,Ke=0.010±0.002 m in-1,t1/2(Ka)=2.77±1.69 m in,t1/2(Ke)=74.08±15.49 m in,T(peak)=13.25±7.30 m in,C(max)=7.98±3.61 mg.L-1,AUC=1 036.45±658.06 mg.L-1.m in,CL/F(s)=0.006±0.004 g.kg-1.m in-1/mg.L-1,V/F(c)=0.57±0.32 g.kg-1/mg.L-1,Lagtime=3.55±1.23 m in.该方法能有效地监测小鼠血浆中脱水穿心莲内酯的浓度变化,实验结果可为人体内相关药动学研究提供参考.     

理气消瘿片中马兜铃酸A的限量检查及急性毒性试验

建立理气消瘿片中马兜铃酸A的限量检查方法,同时开展急性毒性试验,以保证临床用药的安全性.采用Agilent 5 TC-C18色谱柱(250 mm×4. 6 mm,5μm),以乙腈为流动相A,0. 05%磷酸溶液为流动相B,梯度洗脱;流速为1 mL/min,柱温为25℃,检测波长为260 nm.设置空白对照组,24 h内对小鼠分别灌胃给予0. 72 g生药/mL理气消瘿片试药,观察并记录小鼠的活动和毒性反应.结果显示马兜铃酸A在0. 198 7. 92μg/mL浓度范围内线性良好,检测限为0. 198 ng/mL,精密度及稳定性符合测定要求,平均回收率为98. 43%,RSD为3. 15%(n=6),6批理气消瘿片样品中均未检测出马兜铃酸A.理气消瘿片给药组小鼠未见急性中毒症状和反应,与正常对照组比较无明显差异.本研究从马兜铃酸A限度检查和动物急性毒性试验两方面初步证实了理气消瘿片的安全性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-