蒲苇愈伤组织的诱导和再生体系的建立

以蒲苇成熟种子为外植体,MS为基本培养基并附加不同激素组合,筛选出诱导蒲苇愈伤组织产生和分化的最佳培养基,成功建立蒲苇的再生体系．试验结果表明：蒲苇种子最佳灭菌方式是将种子灭菌前用无菌水浸泡24h左右,然后用75％酒精消毒20s,再用0．1％（W／V）氯化汞消毒灭菌10min．愈伤组织诱导的最佳培养基为MS＋2,4-D3．0mg/L＋6-BA0．1mg／L;愈伤组织分化的最佳培养基为MS＋6-BA 2．0mg／L＋NAA 0．1mg/L分化继代的最佳培养基为MS＋6-BA 1．5mg／L＋NAA 0．2mg/L;生根最佳培养基配方为1／2MS＋NAA 0．8mg/L＋6-BA 0．2mg／L＋（0．02％）AC．     

草地早熟禾胚性愈伤组织的诱导和植株再生体系的建立

使用MS附加2,4-D作基本培养基,对草地早熟禾进行愈伤组织的诱导和愈伤组织分化成苗试验,建立了最佳的早熟禾胚性愈伤诱导和植株再生体系.早熟禾的成熟种子经过灭菌后,接种到愈伤组织诱导培养基上,置于25±2℃,黑暗条件培养约8周~9周,有胚性愈伤组织产生.然后将愈伤组织转至分化培养基上,黑暗培养一周后,再进行光照培养,约20天后开始分化出根和芽,继续培养则长成粗壮的绿色植株.2,4-D是影响愈伤形成和植株再生的关键物质.本实验结果证明,3.0mg.L-1和0.1mg.L-12,4-D是最佳浓度组合,其诱导频率和分化频率分别为67.82%和48.81%;0.5mg.L-16-BA对根和芽的分化具有促进作用.     

小麦叶基切段愈伤组织的诱导和植株再生

从3～5d龄小麦籽苗幼叶基部切段诱导出大量愈伤组织。诱导可再生的愈伤组织的培养基为MS 1．5mg／L 2，4-D 0．2mg／L，激动素(KT) 500mg／L，水解酪蛋白(CH) 120mg／L，天冬酰胺 100mg／L，肌醇 3％蔗糖 0．7％琼脂粉。当愈伤组织转移到生长调节物质改变为2mg／L KT，1mg／L NAA和0．1mg／L 2，4-D的MS培养基上培养后，出现了苗的分化。当分化苗在无机盐分减半的MS培养基上培养后，产生了根。愈伤组织的形成和植株再生的频率与外植体的位置和籽苗的发育阶段密切相关，3～4d龄苗叶基1cm处的切段效果最好。叶基愈伤组织的分化能力可保持3～4个月。     

裂叶秋海棠的离体快速繁殖

利用野生裂叶秋海棠叶片及叶柄培养，通过两种方式获得大量再生植株。(1)直接从外植体表面诱导出不定芽，最佳诱导培养基为MS 6-BA 3mg／L，不定芽在培养基MS NAA0．5mg／L 6-BA0．5mg／L增殖成丛生芽．(2)先诱导出愈伤组织，再由愈伤组织分化出大量不定芽．最佳愈伤组织诱导培养基为MS NAA0．5mg／L 2，4-D0．5mg／L 6-BA0．5mg／L,愈伤组织不定芽分化培养基为MS 6-BA 1mg／L,试管苗在含1／5MS无机盐的培养基上生根，之后移栽成活率达85％。     

花叶如意叶愈伤组织的诱导及植株再生

研究花叶如意叶愈伤组织的诱导及分化条件．实验结果表明：诱导愈伤组织的培养基为MS 2,4-D1．0mg／L 6-BA2．0mg／L．在此培养基上,叶片比叶柄更易得到愈伤组织．叶愈伤组织的诱导时间过长易褐化,从而影响分化,其最适时间为20d．诱导愈伤组织分化的培养基为MS NAA0．2mg／L 6-BA2．0mg／L．根分化的培养基为1／2MS NAA0．5mg／L．     

凤尾兰花瓣组织培养初报

将凤尾兰花瓣接种于MS基本培养基上,培养基附加2.4—D0、5mg/l、NAA0.5—1mg/l、6—BA2mg/l、水解乳蛋白500mg/l及蔗糖3％诱导愈伤组织的形成。MS培养基附加6—BA2mg/l,NAA0.5mg/l及蔗糖3％诱导愈伤组织分化。值得注意的是在培养过程中,花瓣小片以及愈伤组织的颜色有几次转变。在愈伤组织上首先分化出小根,逐渐分化出小苗。     

木槿(Hibiscus syriacus L)愈伤组织的诱导和试管植株的再生

本文报导了从木槿体细胞成功地诱导出愈伤组织并分化产生植株,筛选出了良好的诱导和分化培养基。同时,对于根的分化,再生植株染色体倍性以及继代培养的植株分化频率作了初步的分析研究。实验是以全胚以及胚轴、子叶、幼根为接种材料,从17种诱导愈伤组织培养基、7种分化培养基和5种再生植株根分化培养基中,筛选出了各类最适培养基,实验结果表明,木槿较好的诱导培养基是:MS 2.4-D0.5mg/l KT0.1mg/l 糖3%,较好的分化培养基是:MS ⅠAA2mg/l 6-BA1mg/l 糖1.5%,在上述培养基上,愈伤组织的诱导率最高可达100%,并分化出了大量再生植株。将这些再生植株转移到MS NAA0.2mg/1 KT0.1mg/l 糖2%的培基上,取得了有效根系的分化,进而根将系发展良好的植株移栽到花盆中,并巳成活。在移植前,取根尖压片镜检,染色体数目接近2n=80。此外,在继代培养植株分化频率的分析中,初步看到这一性状是相对稳定的,到第七代,分化频率仍高达73%。     

黄蜀葵茎段植株再生体系的建立和花各部愈伤组织总黄酮含量的测定比较

以黄蜀葵种子获得无菌苗的茎段为外植体,研究了不同浓度激素配比对愈伤组织诱导及分化再生植株的影响.结果表明:以75%酒精30s+0.1%升汞10min灭菌黄蜀葵种子,可获得较高发芽率的无菌苗;愈伤组织最适诱导培养基为改良MS+KT0.8 mg/L+IAA0.6mg/L,经愈伤组织分化不定芽的最佳培养基为MS+6-BA3.0 mg/L+NAA0.05 mg/L;最佳生根培养基为:1/2 MS+NAA0.1 mg/L;且移栽后成活率可达95%.用紫外分光光度法测定花和各部愈伤组织总黄酮的含量,对比发现:花中总黄酮的含量高于各部愈伤组织,愈伤组织中子房愈伤组织的总黄酮含量高于其他部位.     

8种基因型的高羊茅的组织培养与植株再生

以8个品种的高羊茅下胚轴为外植体，分别在诱导培养基D1、D3、D5和D9上培养，除D1培养基上的愈伤组织的出愈率为51．3％外，其他诱导培养基上的出愈率均为100％．其中在D5培养基上继代3个月左右，获得了胚性愈伤组织，此胚性愈伤组织在F1分化培养基上的分化率达到70％～80％．在较长时间的继代培养中，D3培养基可以保持愈伤组织的高分化率．     

中国水仙愈伤组织诱导及植株再生研究

以中国水仙鳞茎为试材,进行中国水仙愈伤组织诱导及其分化的研究.结果表明:1)2%次氯酸钠20 min较适合水仙花花苞的消毒处理,水仙鳞茎的消毒处理以0. 1%升汞12 min灭菌效果较好,以内层鳞片存活率最高,外层鳞片次之;2)在MS+6-BA2. 0 mg·L-1+2,4-D 0. 5 mg·L-1为愈伤诱导及继代的培养基上,子房壁愈伤诱导率最高,为77. 8%,但继代未见再分化,外层鳞片愈伤诱导率次之,外层鳞片与带鳞片的鳞茎盘诱导的愈伤均能继代发育成小鳞茎;3)以培养基MS+6-BA 2. 0 mg·L-1+NAA 0. 5 mg·L-1较适合外层鳞片愈伤组织的再分化,鳞茎分化率达64. 4%;4)在培养基1/2 MS+IBA1. 0 mg·L-1上,水仙鳞茎苗生根效果较好,生根率达86. 7%,移栽成活率高.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to