三丁基锡（TBT）对褐菖鲉肝脏抗氧化系统的影响

使用环境浓度水平[1、10、100 ng(Sn)/L]的三丁基锡(tributyltin,TBT)对褐菖鲉进行水体暴露,观察TBT对褐菖鲉肝脏抗氧化防御系统的影响.暴露50 d后,10、100 ng/L组丙二醛含量的上升指示了环境浓度水平的TBT能够导致肝脏氧化胁迫.10、100 ng/L组的谷胱甘肽过氧化酶、超氧化物歧化酶和10 ng/L组的过氧化氢酶活性在TBT暴露50 d后被显著诱导.还原型谷胱甘肽含量在10、100 ng/L TBT暴露7 d后被显著诱导,而在暴露50 d后被浓度依赖性地抑制.TBT暴露7 d后,谷胱甘肽硫转移酶在10、100 ng/L组被显著诱导,而100 ng/L组在暴露25 d后被抑制.在恢复期7和20 d后,各浓度组的这些生物指标都回到与对照组相当的水平.本研究的结果表明:环境浓度水平的TBT能够引起鱼体肝脏氧化胁迫,这些生物标志物能够指示海洋环境中TBT的污染.     

三丁基锡对罗非鱼稚鱼生长和ATP酶活力的影响

在实验生态条件下,研究浓度为0.1、1、10 ng/L的三丁基锡对罗非鱼稚鱼生长、死亡率及Ca2 -ATP酶和Na ,K -ATP酶活力的影响.结果显示:三丁基锡抑制罗非鱼稚鱼的生长发育.其中15 d的1 ng/L和10 ng/L暴露组体长较对照组显著性降低;15 d和30 d的10 ng/L暴露组死亡率较对照组均显著增加.三丁基锡对罗非鱼稚鱼的Ca2 -ATP酶和Na ,K -ATP酶活力的抑制均表现剂量依赖性.Ca2 -ATP酶和Na ,K -ATP酶活力的变化与死亡率具有一定相关性.     

三丁基锡对文蛤消化腺脂质过氧化及抗氧化酶活性的影响

在实验生态条件下,观察浓度分别为0.1、11、0 ng/L的三丁基锡(TBT)分别对文蛤暴露2、8、20 d以及恢复7 d和20 d后对文蛤消化腺过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)以及丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响.结果显示:TBT对CAT的作用为早期抑制而后没有影响,TBT对超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)以及脂质过氧化的产物丙二醛(MDA)的影响,在暴露后均为显著诱导作用.在恢复实验20 d后,各指标均恢复到对照组相当的水平.该研究结果为文蛤消化腺的SOD活性与MDA含量作为海洋环境有机锡污染监测的潜在生物标志物提供了依据.     

微分电位溶出法同时测定食品中铅、锡

利用微分电位溶出分析法,以0.09 mol/L草酸、7.5×10-5mol/L中性红为底液,同时测定了4种样品中的铅、锡含量,二元素峰电位分别为-0.52 V和-0.62 V(vs SCE),铅、锡的线性范围分别为2.0~100.0 ng/mL、5.0~250.0 ng/mL.当富集时间为60 s时,铅、锡的检出限分别为2 ng/mL和5 ng/mL.将此法应用于测定食品中痕量铅和锡,结果满意.     

钱塘江流域(杭州段)水环境中多氯联苯的生物富集效应

因为具有不易降解、易生物蓄积、会对生物及人体产生毒害效应等特征,近年来,多氯联苯(PCBs)在生物体内的富集及其生态风险已引起人们的广泛关注.本文利用GC/MS检测钱塘江流域(杭州段)沉积物、底栖生物及鱼体中PCBs的浓度含量(干重)及分布特征,进一步运用生物富集系数评价了钱塘江流域(杭州段)PCBs的富集状况.结果表明,沉积物中PCBs含量为6.93~10.14ng/g,平均含量为8.85ng/g;底栖生物(螺丝)中PCBs含量为14.83~20.43ng/g,平均含量为15.95ng/g;鲫鱼体内中PCBs含量为19.66~25.93ng/g,平均含量为21.62ng/g;鲢鱼体内PCBs含量为19.25~21.34ng/g,平均含量为20.27ng/g.富集系数进一步表明,钱塘江流域(杭州段)生物对PCBs有较强的生物富集性,有一定潜在的环境风险.     

杂交鲍染色体GISH的优化

基因组荧光原位杂交(GISH)是分析远缘杂交染色体组结构的有力工具。为了提高杂交鲍GISH的信号强度,以皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai)和杂色鲍(H.diversicolor)杂交子代为研究对象,研究了杂交缓冲液中探针质量浓度、封阻DNA质量浓度,以及去离子甲酰胺、硫酸葡聚糖或聚乙二醇6000的含量对GISH信号强度的影响。结果表明,杂交缓冲液中,探针质量浓度应大于6.25 ng/μL,封阻DNA(鲑精DNA)的适宜质量浓度约为探针的10倍,去离子甲酰胺的适宜体积分数约为30%,硫酸葡聚糖的适宜体积分数为12.5%～17.5%。此外,用7.5%的聚乙二醇6000替代硫酸葡聚糖可以提高杂交信号,但存在信号噪点多等问题。     

锦州湾沉积物和生物体中有机锡化合物的分布特征及生态风险评价

【目的】研究锦州湾沉积物和生物体中有机锡化合物(OTs)的含量及其分布特征,为有机锡输入控制和对环境造成的生态风险评价提供基础数据。【方法】利用气相色谱配FPD检测器分析沉积物和生物体中3种丁基锡和3种苯基锡的含量。【结果】沉积物中OTs的含量为5.89~26.6ng Sn/g,除三苯基锡(TPhT)外,其它5种有机锡均有检出;生物样品中含量为13.2~170ng Sn/g,3种丁基锡和3种苯基锡均有检出。【结论】锦州湾沉积物中的OTs与国内其它海区水平相当,其组成比例显示有新的输入源;三丁基锡(TBT)降解程度不高;6种生物样富集OTs的含量与其脂肪含量之间无显著的相关性,且体内OTs的组成比例不同,表明生物选择性富集OTs;沉积物中三丁基锡化合物(TBT)含量处在低筛选浓度和高筛选浓度之间,TBT对生态环境产生中等程度的负面影响,应当引起足够的重视。     

三丁基锡对褐菖鲉肝脏DNA损伤的研究

利用碱解旋法研究了三丁基锡(TBT)暴露对鱼肝脏DNA造成的单链断裂损伤.结果表明:0.5、1、5和10mg/kg(Bm)TBT腹腔注射7d后,褐菖鲉(Sebastiscus marmoratus)肝脏DNA的损伤程度存在剂量依赖关系,随着注射剂量的增加而增加.环境相关浓度(1、10、100ng/L含Sn量)的TBT通过水体对褐菖鲉进行暴露,肝脏DNA的损伤程度,总体上随着暴露时间的延长和暴露浓度的增大而增加.本研究为鱼类肝脏DNA损伤作为生物标志物来指示水体TBT污染的有效性提供了依据.     

废弃电路板铜锡多金属粉隔膜电积回收锡实验研究

采用基于隔膜电积湿法冶金新工艺从废弃电路板铜锡多金属粉中高效提取金属锡,研究并优化了铜锡多金属粉浸出及隔膜电积提锡工艺.浸出实验结果表明,在温度为40℃,初始Sn~(4+)质量浓度50 g/L,HCl浓度4 mol/L,液固比为5∶1,循环浸出三次的条件下,锡浸出率约为96%,最终浸出液中Sn~(2+)质量浓度68.58 g/L.锡隔膜电积实验表明,在Sn~(2+)质量浓度40~100 g/L,HCl浓度3 mol/L,温度35℃,电流密度200 A/m2的条件下,阴极电流效率97.51%,能耗低于1 200 k Wh/t.在此优化条件下进行隔膜电积8 h,得到平整、致密且纯度99.9%的阴极锡板.     

土霉素废水对斑马鱼的生物毒性效应研究

为了明确土霉素废水的生物毒性效应,采用暴露实验方法,研究了土霉素废水对斑马鱼的毒性效应。结果显示:对斑马鱼而言,土霉素废水属于低毒物质,斑马鱼暴露3～9d时,其SOD活性和POD活性受到不同程度的抑制,12d时受到显著诱导(0.01相似文献   

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

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低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

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A computer generator for randomly layered structures

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