城市生活垃圾可燃组分挥发分析出动力学预测

为了给气化焚烧炉工艺参数的确定提供参考依据,实验研究城市生活垃圾中5种可燃组分在氮气、二氧化碳和空气中挥发分的析出特性。热重分析表明:各组分在空气气氛下挥发分析出的同时发生挥发分燃烧,氮气和二氧化碳气氛下的挥发分析出特性基本一致;含氯塑料和织物的挥发分分2段析出,其余各组分挥发分为1段析出;各物料的挥发分析出区间为250~520℃,挥发时间小于10 min。根据Caots-Redfern方法确定动力学参数并进行动力学预测。     

污泥燃烧动力学特性的研究

在空气气氛下应用热重-质谱联用仪(TG-MS)研究污泥燃烧的动力学特性.结果表明,污泥热解失重过程可分为干燥、半挥发分析出、可降解挥发分析出、不可降解挥发分析出和焦炭燃尽5个阶段.通过对试验结果的计算得出了污泥燃烧各阶段的动力学参数.     

神府烟煤和黄天棉褐煤的快速热解

用电加热金属丝网技术研究了文题。用冷阱(-196℃)捕集CO_2、CO、CH_4、C_2H_4和C-2H_6等气相组成,由气相色谱测定各气相组分析出率。考察了保温加热和脉冲加热时,挥发分析出率和各气相组成析出率随温度变化的规律。根据总包单反应模型,计算了升温过程中总挥发分析出和各气相组成析出的动力学参数。     

城市污水污泥热解和燃烧的实验研究

利用热重分析仪对城市污水污泥分别在氮气和空气气氛下进行热解和燃烧特性实验研究,分析了污泥在不同气氛条件下热解及燃烧的反应机理,并采用微分法确定了燃烧反应的机理方程,求出污水污泥反应动力学参数活化能和频率因子.实验研究的结果为污泥流化床焚烧炉的设计计算提供理论依据.     

不同热解气氛煤焦结构及燃烧反应性

在水平管式炉上制得徐州烟煤在Ar, N2和CO2气氛下热解的煤焦,比较了其在元素组成、挥发分收率、化学组分、微观结构特性和孔分布特性方面的差异,并在热重分析仪上进行了燃烧试验,确定3种煤焦在O2+Ar, O2+N2和O2+CO2气氛下的燃烧动力学特性.结果表明:由于CO2对煤焦的气化作用,CO2气氛下煤热解较Ar或N2气氛下具有更高的挥发分收率;CO2气氛热解焦芳香族和烷基官能团含量均高于其他气氛热解焦,但羟基官能团含量比它们低;CO2气氛热解焦具有更丰富的2～4 nm的小孔结构,比表面积是其他气氛热解焦的100倍左右,比孔容积约为其他气氛焦的1.5倍.燃烧的化学反应动力学分析表明,不同气氛下煤焦燃烧均为一级反应,CO2气氛热解焦具有最小的活化能和指前因子.     

天津市政污泥热解及燃烧动力学特性的分析

利用热重分析仪,在氮气和空气气氛下分别对天津市政污泥进行热分析实验,并采用热重、微分热重、差示扫描量热等方法分析了市政污泥的热解特性及燃烧特性.实验结果表明城市污泥燃烧热反应可分为4个阶段:水分蒸发析出、污泥有机挥发成分析出燃烧、污泥有机质及固定碳燃烧、燃烧残余物及难分解物的分解.在实验条件下,污泥样品着火温度为277.5,℃,燃尽温度为540,℃.建立了天津市政污泥燃烧动力学模型,采用连续两方程拟合的方式,得到了上述主要阶段的表观活化能Ea和指前因子A.     

污泥及其与煤混合物的热解特性和灰熔融特性

采用热重分析法对造纸污泥、市政污泥及其与煤的混合物的热解特性进行了系统研究.揭示了污泥、煤及其两者混合物热解特性的异同,研究了升温速率、掺混比等因素对混合试样热解特性的影响,提出了挥发分综合释放特性指数.研究表明:造纸污泥的挥发分析出特性与烟煤相当,而市政污泥的挥发分析出特性远优于造纸污泥和烟煤;在污泥与煤混合物的热解过程中,2种组分之间的相互作用可以忽略不计.随着升温速率的增加,污泥与煤混合物的挥发分初析温度提高,挥发分最高析出速率和平均析出速率升高.但升温速率对挥发分析出总量没有明显影响.测定了煤灰和污泥灰在不同混合比例下的熔融特征温度,测试结果表明,随着污泥灰比例的增大,混合试样的灰熔点逐渐下降,但由于存在低温共熔现象,不按线性规律变化.     

稻壳和稻草的热重-质谱分析及其反应动力学

采用热重-质谱(TG-MS)联用对比研究了氮气气氛中稻壳和稻草在升温速率分别为5,20℃/min时的热解行为,分析得到了稻壳和稻草热裂解过程产生的小分子气相产物(CO,CO_2,CH_4,H_2)随温度和升温速率变化的释放规律.结果表明:稻壳和稻草的热解过程可分为脱水干燥预热解阶段、挥发分析出快速热解阶段和残余物裂解炭化阶段;稻草热解总失重率约为75%,稻壳约为55%,而且稻草的热解特性指数高于稻壳;稻草热解释放生物质燃气主要成分(CO,CH_4,H_2)的离子流强度明显高于稻壳;用Coats-Redfern法计算生物质的热解动力学参数,表观活化能和挥发分初始析出温度均是稻草稻壳,这与实验结果吻合,表明相同条件下稻草的热解性能优于稻壳.     

挤塑聚苯乙烯泡沫热解特性和动力学研究

基于热重红外分析仪对挤塑聚苯乙烯泡沫(XPS)的热解特性和动力学机理进行研究。在空气和氮气气氛下选取10、20、40、50℃/mim四种升温速率。改进的Vyazovkin方法用于计算XPS热解的活化能,多元非线性回归方法用于确定动力学模型和相应的动力学参数。结果表明,随着转化率的增加,XPS在空气中分解的活化能由128.3 k J/mol增加到159.2 k J/mol;而在氮气中XPS分解的活化能维持在171.1 k J/mol左右。XPS在空气中热解为连续的两步反应,可分别由二级反应模型(F2)和简单的Prout-Tompkins方程(B1)描述。在氮气中分解为单步反应,可由三维相界反应模型(R3)描述。通过对比非等温和等温条件下实验和计算得到的热重曲线,对反应动力学模型进行了验证。     

热重法及差热—色谱在线联用技术研究配合物UO_2[Bu_2NCO(CH_2)_6CONBu_2](NO_3)_2的热行为及热分解反应动力学

测定了N,N,N′,N′—四正丁基辛二酰胺与硝酸铀酰配合物在氮气气氛下的TG—DTG曲线;并用差热—色谱在线联用技术对该配合物分别在氮气和空气气氛下的热分解行为进行了观察和描述,对各具体分解步骤逸出气体的成份进行了研究和分析,最后用三种不同的方法处理热分解数据,获得了配合物的热分解反应动力学参数。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-