退火温度对单向纤维晶纯铜线材组织性能影响

对退火前后单向纤维晶纯铜线材组织进行了观察，测试了其力学与导电性能，结果表明：在300℃以下退火时，线材的金相显微组织与退火前相比没有明显变化，仍然保持为连续纤维晶，其抗拉强度有所下降，延伸率有所增加；在400℃退火时，线材发生完全再结晶，且有孪晶生成；500％退火时，再结晶晶粒长大；在400℃以上退火时，抗拉强度大幅度下降，延伸率显著增加；在200～400℃的范围退火时，电导率增加，但增幅较小。     

纯铜表面稀土渗铝层的内氧化

利用稀土化合物CeCl3对纯铜表面渗铝进行催渗。采用工业N2中的余氧作为内氧化介质对纯铜渗铝后的试样进行内氧化，可在纯铜表面制备一层细小弥散的Al2O3粒子。对内氧化层的硬度分布、显微组织及有关性能进行了初步分析。实验结果表明：稀土化合物CeCl3对纯铜渗铝过程具有明显的催渗效果，在同等工艺条件下渗层厚度较高且更加均匀；内氧化后，能在渗铝层形成Al2O3弥散硬化层。     

纯铜表面Al-Ni基自熔合金粉末共渗研究

用Al-Ni25自熔合金粉末共渗工艺，对纯铜进行了表面硬化处理。研究了渗层显微组织和Al,Ni,Cu的成分分布及硬化层的显微硬记度特性，并对渗层中各元素作用进行了分析。结果表明，渗层由沉积层和扩散层（过共析＋共折＋亚共折＋α固溶体）构成；同单元渗铝层相比，Ni的渗入降低了表层铝含量，改变了表层组织形貌，从而使表层脆性得到明显改善。     

Cr12MoV钢冷冲裁模的失效分析及热处理工艺的改进

介绍了Cr12MoV钢冷冲裁模的失效分析以及锻造、热处理工艺的改进措施、Cr12MoV钢是一种高碳高铬的冷作模具钢，退火组织中含有数量较多的、粗大的碳化物，虽然经过反复锻造，但碳化物的分布仍不均匀；同时，由于热处理工艺的影响，使奥氏体中存在部分未溶的碳化物，在金相显微组织中形成了脆性的碳化物带状分布区．经改进锻造和热处理工艺后，使显微组织均匀化，获得了满意的力学性能，达到了设计寿命的要求．     

铈和铬对纯铜性能的影响

研究了不同铈和铬的加入量对纯铜的导电率、强度、硬度、耐磨性及显微组织的影响。研究发现,在纯铜中加入适量和铬可以在不影响纯铜的良好导电性的同时,提高其强度、硬度,并可有效的细化组织,净化基体。试验结果表明当铜中铈铈的加入量为0．08％,铬的加入量为0．4％时,具有良好的综合性能。     

Ni,Si,Mn和Ti对高强度铜合金力学性能和导电性能的影响

利用合金化方法，并借助金相、SEM等测试分析手段研究了Ni／Si，Mn／NiSi和Ti对纯铜显微组织、力学性能和导电性能的影响．结果表明，Ti，Ni和Si均有提高合金组织稳定性的作用，但Mn，Ni和Si的加入不能有效地阻碍合金组织在高温下的长大．Ti，Ni和Si的加入还大幅度提高了合金强度．含w(Ni)=6％和w(Si)=1．42％的铜合金的抗拉强度达到了907MPa，同时，合金的导电性也保持在较高水平，达到了强度和导电性的良好匹配．然而：Mn，Ni和si的加入没有明显的强化作用．反而使导电性大幅降低。     

后续热处理对激光熔铸层残余应力的影响

本文在镍基合金ＤＺ４上激光熔铸钴基合金层，研究了后续热处理温度对熔铸层残余应力、显微硬度和金相组织的影响。结果表明，在低温退火处理时，可部分地消除熔铸层中的残余应力，而熔铸层组织和显微硬度并无明显变化；在高温退火处理时，熔铸层大部分应力得以消除，但熔铸层显微硬度下降，同时，熔铸层枝晶组织开始碎化。     

压缩变形及退火对纯铜组织及性能的影响

借助扫描电子显微镜和显微硬度计等手段,研究了压缩变形与退火工艺对纯铜组织和性能的影响,获得了不同变形程度纯铜在不同退火条件下的组织演变和性能变化规律.研究结果表明:晶粒粗大的工业纯铜经室温压缩变形+退火可获得晶粒细小的组织.对于冷变形程度为40％的纯铜,最佳退火工艺为450℃×15 min;对于冷变形程度为80％的纯铜,最佳退火工艺为350℃×15 min,继续升高退火温度和延长保温时间都会使再结晶晶粒不断长大.与冷变形程度40％的纯铜试样相比,冷变形程度80％的纯铜试样退火后晶粒更细小.在本试验条件下,随着退火温度的升高和保温时间的延长,试样硬度总体呈下降趋势.纯铜的平均晶粒尺寸可以由铸态的150μm细化到12.15μm.     

用上引连铸法生产铜银合金接触线的实验研究

研究了用上引连铸法生产铜银合金接触线的生产工艺及产品性能·结果表明,上引连铸法的电磁搅拌作用可显著提高合金成分的均匀性,Ag的质量分数偏差不超过±0 01%,比用其他方法生产的均匀性提高1倍·铜银合金接触线试样的性能实验表明,铜银合金接触线的主要性能指标优于纯铜接触线·随Ag含量的增加,接触线的拉断力提高,延长率下降,导电率略有下降;当Ag质量分数超过0 12%时,接触线的塑性明显下降·铜银合金接触线较纯铜接触线软化温度提高近100℃,这对于提高电气化铁路的运行安全和提高接触线的使用寿命有着极其重要的意义·综合分析铜银合金接触线的强度与塑性可知,Ag质量分数在0 1%～0 12%为宜·     

Ti-Fe-Ni-La合金的组织结构与吸放氢特性

研究了Ｔｉ－Ｆｅ－Ｎｉ－Ｌａ合金的组织结构与吸放氢性能。利用光学金相显微技术，Ｘ射线衍射技术和电子探针分子析了合金成分变化对其金相组织、第二相形态及分布的影响。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-