调节收入分配的财税政策有效性研究

经过近40年的改革开放,我国经济发展取得了令人瞩目成就,但是居民的贫富差距呈现出扩大的趋势,这不仅影响了经济的进一步增长,也影响到了社会的稳定和居民的幸福感。利用财税政策调节收入分配的职能,可有效降低居民收入差距以及城乡间居民的收入差距。     

对目前我国收入分配问题的几点思考

目前我国收入分配领域存在四大问题；居民总体收入差距、城乡收入差距、地区收入差距、行业收入差距进一步扩大；这是市场竞争、历史长期发展、税收调节不力、社会保障制度滞后、自然地理条件差异等诸多因素共同作用的结果；只有坚持基本分配制度，大力发展社会生产力，加强宏观调控，完善社会保障制度，才能从根本上理顺收入分配关系，实现共同富裕。     

全国首个居民经济状况核对中心在沪成立

上海市居民经济状况核对中心近日正式成立，这是全国首个为民生政策提供经济状况权威核对信息的支持性政务平台。近年来，随着我国社会保障制度由“补缺型”向“适度普惠型”转变，社会保障的项目和涉及群体不断扩容，与此同时，居民收入类型也日趋多样，核对难度越来越高，传统方式面临严峻挑战。上海市居民经济状况核对中心的成立，不仅增强了政府部门对居民家庭收入的核对能力，还大大提高了社会救助的专业化水平，增强了社会救助的公信力。     

影响我国居民储蓄因素的实证分析

利用2005年-2007年上半年的月度数据对影响我国居民储蓄因素进行了实证研究，发现居民可支配收入、CPI指数和证券市场发展是影响我国当前居民储蓄变动的主要因素，并提出了持续提高居民可支配收入、控制物价、加强对证券市场监管和宏观经济政策配合等政策建议。     

我国农村消费现状分析——以汝阳县五个行政村具体情况为例

随着我国经济的不断增长,国民人均收入也在不断增长,人均收入的增长不仅体现在城镇居民的收入上,也体现在农村人口的收入上。尤其在农民收入增长这一块,随着国家不断地加大对于农业的补贴力度,农民的收入更是有了大幅的增加。收入的增长,将会给农民生活带来方方面面的影响。其中我们认为,最直接的影响就体现在消费层面。本文着重分析我国农村的消费现状。     

如何有效缩小中国个人收入差距

随着我国国民经济的快速增长和改革开放的不断深入，我国居民的收入水平和生活品质有了大幅提高，社会主义现代化建设事业正向着历史的新台阶迈进。但是，目前中国居民收入差距已经超过合理范围。2006年，我国农村居民中20%最高收入组是20%最低收入组的7.2倍，城镇居民中20%最高收入组是20%最低收入组的5.6倍，我国居民收入分配差距正在呈逐步拉大趋势。有学者甚至认为，中国居民收入的基尼系数从改革开放前的0.16上升到2009年的0.47，不仅超过了国际上0.4的警戒线，还正在以每年0.1%的速度上升，已经高于所有发达国家和大多数发展中国家的水平。近年来，很多全国人大代表和政协委员在两会召开期间的议案或提案中提及收入分配差距问题，引起了强烈的社会反响。目前我国居民收入分配差距已超过合理限度，同时成加速扩大趋势，我国居民对收入分配公平的诉求也变得日益强烈。     

目前我国居民收入差距扩大的原因及对策

近10年来我国居民收入差距逐渐扩大。作为一种社会现象，收入差距有正负两个方面的效应。从正面效应来看，收入差距在一定程度上反映了劳动者的能力大小及投入劳动量的多少，因此合理的收入差距是市场经济富有效率的表现，它能激发劳动者的劳动热情；从负面效应来看，收入差距过于悬殊，特别是不规范运作所带来的不规则收入甚至是非法收入对国民收入分配的渗透，会对社会政治、经济生活产生极大的负面影响。目前，我国居民收入差距状况已超过了国际公认的“警戒线”，其负面效应愈来愈明显，这不能不引起我们的重视。     

浅析社会保障制度的完善与收入分配差距

近年来,随着经济体制改革的持续深入和居民总体收入水平的不断提高,我国居民收入差距正不断扩大,这一现象引起了社会各界的广泛关注.面对日益拉大的收入分配差距,政府有必要通过收入的再分配,以缩小社会成员之间的收入差距,至少应确保社会成员的收入增长跟上经济增长的步伐.政府可以通过税收和转移支付包括社会保障制度等手段,以调节再分配的方式来调整收入差距.     

高等教育机会不均等对收入差距的影响和对策

我国收入分配制度的变迁导致我国收入分配差距的扩大，对高等教育机会不均等形成挑战，高等教育机会不均等进一步导致居民之间就业起点、就业岗位、就业待遇等成功机会的不均等。从而使收入差距进一步扩大。因此，解决收入差距问题的出发点应重点放在创造条件，促进居民高等教育机会均等化。     

试析当前贫富差距

改革开发以来,伴随国民经济的迅速发展,我国居民的贫富差距改革前明显拉大,值得我们重视,但是这种差距带有政策性、过渡性特征,没有达到两极分化的程度,尚不严重。现在,我们应该从保护合法收入,调节过高收入,取缔非法收入,提高过低收入四个方面加以调节,以促进经济发展,保持社会稳定。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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