肉桂幼林生物量与营养元素分布研究

在广西高峰林场界牌分场对林龄１～４ 年的肉桂幼林进行生物量及营养元素测定, 研究肉桂幼林的生物量和营养元素 （Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇ） 在各器官中的分布。结果表明, 肉桂幼林生物量随林龄的增大而逐渐积累,４ 年生肉桂幼林生物量达到１６ ３６１．４ ｋｇ／ｈｍ ２,其中经济生物量为９ ２８４．５ ｋｇ／ｈｍ ２·ａ, 平均林分净生产量为４ ０９０．４ ｋｇ／ｈｍ ２·ａ; 林龄增加, 树叶、树枝、树干的组成比例增加, 树根和干皮则呈下降趋势; 各器官的营养元素含量以Ｎ最高, 其次是Ｋ 和Ｃａ, Ｐ和Ｍｇ 最低; 各营养元素贮量在树叶最高, 树干最小; ８５％ 以上营养元素集中在树叶、树枝、干皮和树根中。     

广西林朵林场杉木大径材林分的生物生产力

结果表明：２６龄杉木纯林群落生物量平均为１８３．８９ｔ／ｈｍ２，其组成层次的生物量分配序列（％）为乔木层（９３．６０）＞枯枝落叶层（６．１４）＞灌草层（０．２６）。乔木层年平均净生产量为６．６２ｔ／ｈｍ２·ａ，低于中心产区；平均木单株年平均净生产量１０．９３ｋｇ／ａ，高于中心产区，揭示现有林分密度偏小。２６年生林分平均树高和平均胸径分别为２０．７ｍ和２４．０ｃｍ，其干材生物量平均达６１．５％，适宜培育杉木大径材。     

苏北海堤防护林主要造林树种生物量研究

通过对试验区刺槐、柳杉等４个主要造林树种林分生物量及生长特性的研究，认为各林分地上部分生物量组成中，刺槐、水杉干的生物量比重较大，而杉木、柳杉的枝叶生物量比重相对较高，其干与枝叶生物量比分别为３．５∶１；２．８∶１、１．４∶１和１．２∶１。各林分地上部分生物量量年平均增长量以柳杉最大，杉木、水杉次之，刺槐最低，分别为刺槐（２．４７Ｔ／ｈｍ＾２）的２．３８，１．７８和１．７３倍。根系生物量结构中，刺     

滇西北高山松林生物量的初步研究

本文研究了滇西北高山松林的生物量。林龄大生物量减小。林龄约４０年和１００年的林分，生物量分别为２９４．３０６ｔ／ｈｍ￣２和２３１．４９５ｔ／ｈｍ￣２；在各器官中，树干生物量（１４３．５３２ｔ／ｈｍ￣２和１０２．１２０ｔ／ｈｍ￣２）最大，占群落总生物量的４８．９０％和４４．２４％；乔木一层（亦即高山松）的生物量２５４．２８３ｔ／ｈｍ￣２和１７１．４０８ｔ／ｈｍ￣２，占群落总生物量的８６．４１％和７４．０４％；与林龄约４０年的林分相比较，林龄约１００年的高山松林中，高山松生物量所占比例减小而黄背栎等树种的生物量增大。     

滇西北油麦吊云杉林生物量的初步研究

本文研究了滇西北油麦吊云杉林的生物量。林龄大生物量也大，林龄约５０年和１５０年的林分，生物量分别为１２９．５２２９ｔ／ｈｍ￣２和３１３．９８５３ｔ／ｈｍ￣２；在各器官中，木材生物量最大，占群落总生物量的５３．２０％和６０．２５％；乔木一层的生物量占群落总生物量的９３．８０％和９６．３８％；油麦吊云杉的生物量占群落生物量的７６．７８％和７７．１２％。     

不同造林密度对尾叶桉生长及产量的影响

在广西象州石龙镇，用随机区组试验设计探讨不同造林密度（８３３株／ｈｍ＾２、１１１１株／ｈｍ＾２、１２５０株／ｈｍ＾２、１４２９株／ｈｍ＾２、１６６６株／ｈｍ＾２、２０００株／ｈｍ＾２、２５００株／ｈｍ＾２）对４．５年生尾叶桉生长及产量的影响。结果表明：在供试密度中，密度对胸径生长的影响达极显著水平，胸径生长量随密度的增大而减小；密度对树高生长的影响不显著；立木单株材积在１１１１株／ｈｍ＾２￣２５０     

福建柏人工林生态系统生产力的研究

以双重抽样法和“相对变比生长”模型（ｙ＝ａｘ＾ｂｅ＾ｃｘ）、“树形管道”模型（ｙ＝ａｘ＾ｂＬ＾ｃ）测定４个福建柏人工林的生物量。结果表明：２４年生福建柏人工林密林分（Ⅱ类立地，２７００株／ｈｍ＾２）和２６年生稀林分（Ｉ类立地，１２１６株／ｈｍ＾２）的生物量，前者为１７８．２４０ｔ／ｈｍ＾２（乔木层占９９．６％），后者为１５５．２０４ｔ／ｈｍ＾２（乔木层占９９．６％）；前者年平均净生产量为７．６２８     

木麻黄林生态系统营养元素的地球化学循环

以福建惠安１５年生木麻黄林为试材的定位观测结果表明：每年降水输入的营养物质为４９．２８５ｋｇ·ｈｍ－２,径流输出养分量１５．５０７ｋｇ·ｈｍ－２,养分净积累量３３．７７８ｋｇ·ｈｍ－２表明生态系统处于进展的变化过程中。养分地球化学循环的净变化值比生物循环减小７５．６％,这说明生物循环比地球化学循环强度大且速度快。     

滹沱河湿地狭叶香蒲群落生物量研究

研究了山西滹沱河湿地狭叶香蒲群落的结构和生物量,结果表明狭叶香蒲群落的总生物量为７０７６ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２,其中地上部分（叶、茎等）为２５８９．８ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２,地下部分（根）为４４８６．２ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２。建群种狭叶香蒲的生物量为５５１３．５ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２,其中地上部分（叶、茎等）为１７２５．６ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２,地下部分（根）为３８０５．９ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２,占群落总生物量的７７．９２％。优势种披针苔草和狼     

桉树＋粗果相思混交林模式及其效益

在各种混交模式中，桉树高生长以行间混交模式高于带状混交和纯林模式；胸径生长因受到密度效应作用，行间与带状混交模式均低于纯林模式；单株材积以纯林最高，行间混交次之，带状混交模式最小；林木树冠长度以混交模式大于纯林模式．各模式中粗果相思的生长，以雷林３３ 号行间混交模式的单株材积最大，达到０－１０２ １ ｍ３ ，粗果相思的群体蓄积为带状混交＜ 雷林３３ 号行间混交＜ ＭＬＡ（尾叶桉无性系） 行间混交；从粗果相思的群体保存率看，ＭＬＡ行间混交模式最高（９０－４％ ） ，远大于雷林３３ 号（４７－１ ％ ） 行间混交和ＭＬＡ的（４３－９％ ） 带状混交模式；从群体总产量来看，ＭＬＡ行间混交模式最高，其它模式依次为ＭＬＡ 纯林＞ 雷林３３ 号行间混交模式＞ ＭＬＡ带状混交模式＞ Ｗ５ 纯林模式＞ 雷林１ 号桉与大叶相思混交模式；从生物量测定结果看，纯林ＭＬＡ 单株生物量高于混交模式；群体生物量则以行间混交模式最高，达到７１ ４１４－１ ｋｇ／ｈｍ２ ，ＭＬＡ带状混交与纯林模式分别为３６ ５０１－４ ｋｇ／ｈｍ２ 和６３ ４３４－３ ｋｇ／ｈｍ２ ；各模式枯落物现存量以带状模式最高（９ ７９４．０ ｋｇ／ｈｍ２） ，ＭＬＡ行间混交模式次之（９ ２６２．０ ｋ     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that