空青山次生栎林细根周转

对苏南空青山次生栎林细根周转进行了研究，结果表明，栎林细根的年周转率为０．３７，活细根和死细根的生物量分别为１６８０９．１７ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２和３２７３．０４ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２，细根年生长量为６１９２．４３ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２，约占地上部分净初级生产力总量的４７％，细根年死亡量为４３．０２．３１ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２，占地上部分年凋落物总量的４５％。因此，在森林生态系统养分循环和凋落物中，细根对归还土壤养分起着重要作用     

贺兰山苔藓植物物种多样性,生物量及生态学作用的研究

研究了贺兰山不同海拔高度主要林型种苔藓植物物种多样性,生物量和生态学作用,结果表明,云杉林下藓类地层的生物量最高,９１４７．７ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２,是林灌木和草本植物总生物量的９．２倍,在饱和吸水状态下,可贮存水２０１７４．５ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２,通过随机取样按海拔高度,林型和土壤类型等梯度对贺兰苔藓植物被进行了调查,影响苔藓植物生长和分布的主要生态因子是光照,相对湿度,海拔高度和土壤ｐＨ对出现在群落中包拓苔     

披碱草(Elymusdahuricus)与苜蓿(Medicago)混播试验研究

对披碱草（Ｅｌｙｍｕｓｄａｈｕｒｉｃｕｓ）与草原２号杂花苜蓿（Ｍｅｄｉｃａｇｏｖａｒｉａｍａｒｅｉｎ，Ｃｖ，ＣａｏｙｕａｎＮｏ．２）不同混播比例的群落性质，高度生长和地上生物量积累动态及混播后地上生产力进行了对比研究，披碱草、苜蓿的高度生长方式不受不同混播比例的影响，其高度生长曲线分别为Ｈ＝ｔ／（ａ＋ｂｔ＋ｃｔｔ）和Ｈ＝ａ＋ｂｔ＋ｃｔ．披碱草、苜蓿的地上生物量积累方式不受不同混播比例的影响，其增长曲线为Ｗ＝ａｔｂ．不同混播比例生物量积累速率不同．茎叶比、叶面积指数在不同的混播群落中数值不同，苜蓿的叶面积指数大于披碱草．混播有利于高产，不同混播群落地上生物量与天然对照具有显著或极显著的差异，其中披碱草与苜蓿地上植株密度比为３１（播种量２５ｋｇ／ｈｍ２１３．９ｋｇ／ｈｍ２）时产量最高．混播群落粗脂肪、总能量、消化能含量均高于单播群落．综合分析评价，披碱草与苜蓿密度比为３１（３小区），为最优化的群落组合．     

玉米新品种绵单四号高产栽培技术研究

采用五因素二次回归正交旋转组合设计,建立了玉米绵羊四号产量（Ｙ）与密度（Ｘ１）,施氮量（Ｘ２）,施磷量（Ｘ３）,施钾量（Ｘ４）,施锌量（Ｘ５）的数学模型。经因子水平选优,得了产量在６７５０ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾３以上的栽培模式为：密度４１５５０￣４２６７５株／ｈｍ＾２,施纯氮２１６￣２２６．５ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２,施用Ｐ２Ｏ５为６１．５￣６９ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２,施用Ｋ２Ｏ为６４．５￣７２ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２,施用ＺｎＯ为２     

水杉人工林生物量及其制浆性能的研究

研究了水杉人工林３种密度林分的地上部分生物量、干物质分配模式、制浆性能和工艺成熟龄。结果表明：（１）不同密度的水杉人工林，其地上部分生物量存在较大差异。１０年生前，３种密度林分的生物量生产为２５００株·ｈｍ－２＞１２５０株·ｈｍ－２＞６２５株·ｈｍ－２；１０～１４年间为２５００株·ｈｍ－２＞６２５株·ｈｍ－２＞１２５０株·ｈｍ－２。（２）林分村干生物量所占的比例随林龄的增大而递增，枝、叶所占的比例则随林龄的增大而降低。１４年生时，３种密度林分树干、枝、叶生物量所占比例分别在６５．８８％～７０．２％，２３．３％～２４．８％和６．６％～９．４％之间。（３）林龄和密度显著影响林分的净平均生产量。１４年生３种密度林分的地上部分年均净生产量分别为５２４０．４ｋｇ·ｈｍ－２、４６１３．３ｋｇ·ｈｍ－２和６０５８．７ｋｇ·ｈｍ－２。（４）水杉的纤维素含量为４７．５％左右，平均纤维长为３．１７５ｍｍ，是一种高级造纸原料。（５）不同密度的水杉人工林，工艺成熟龄存在差异，６２５株·ｈｍ－２、１２５０株·ｈｍ－２和２５００株·ｈｍ－２林分分别约在２５～２８年、２１～２４年及１７～２０年之间。     

滇西北高山松林生物量的初步研究

本文研究了滇西北高山松林的生物量。林龄大生物量减小。林龄约４０年和１００年的林分，生物量分别为２９４．３０６ｔ／ｈｍ￣２和２３１．４９５ｔ／ｈｍ￣２；在各器官中，树干生物量（１４３．５３２ｔ／ｈｍ￣２和１０２．１２０ｔ／ｈｍ￣２）最大，占群落总生物量的４８．９０％和４４．２４％；乔木一层（亦即高山松）的生物量２５４．２８３ｔ／ｈｍ￣２和１７１．４０８ｔ／ｈｍ￣２，占群落总生物量的８６．４１％和７４．０４％；与林龄约４０年的林分相比较，林龄约１００年的高山松林中，高山松生物量所占比例减小而黄背栎等树种的生物量增大。     

福建柏人工林生态系统生产力的研究

以双重抽样法和“相对变比生长”模型（ｙ＝ａｘ＾ｂｅ＾ｃｘ）、“树形管道”模型（ｙ＝ａｘ＾ｂＬ＾ｃ）测定４个福建柏人工林的生物量。结果表明：２４年生福建柏人工林密林分（Ⅱ类立地，２７００株／ｈｍ＾２）和２６年生稀林分（Ｉ类立地，１２１６株／ｈｍ＾２）的生物量，前者为１７８．２４０ｔ／ｈｍ＾２（乔木层占９９．６％），后者为１５５．２０４ｔ／ｈｍ＾２（乔木层占９９．６％）；前者年平均净生产量为７．６２８     

磷资源有效性对四川大头茶幼苗构件生长的影响

通过人工控制４种磷肥浓度０ｇ／ｋｇ（Ｐ０）,１ｇ／ｋｇ（Ｐ１）,２ｇ／ｋｇ（Ｐ２）、４ｇ／ｋｇ（Ｐ３）,研究探讨磷资源有效性对５年生四川大头茶功苗构件生长的效应,结果表明：不同磷肥浓度强烈影响了四川大头茶幼苗茎高、叶数、叶面积和叶大小生长动态;随着磷肥浓度的增加,叶片现存数,叶面积显著增加,地上生物量和根系生物量也逐渐增加,并以叶,中根和细根的生物量增加程度最为突出;主分量分析反映了Ｐ３与Ｐ０的四川大头茶幼苗生长之间存在巨大差异,并反映了构件特征之间具有极大的相关性。     

绿竹林细根周转的研究

研究了闽南绿竹［Ｄｅｎｄｒｏｃａｌａｍｏｐｓｉｓｏｌｄｈａｍｉ（Ｍｕｎｒｏ．）Ｋｅｎｇｆ．］林细根的生物量、生产力及细根的分解动态．结果表明：闽南绿竹林的细根生物量为９７６１ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，１９９６年７月至１９９７年６月一年的细根生物量有一定的季节变化，在春季最大；１９９６年７月至１９９７年６月一年的细根生长量为３５３７ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，其中５月的活细根量为最大值；细根的周转率为０．４６次／年；细根的半分解期为２３０ｄ．     

闽南毛竹林的生物量和生产力

首次研究了福建毛竹群落的生物量和生产力。样地设于闽南的南靖和溪高才，结果表明，毛竹群落１９９０年现存量为８２８９ｇ／ｍ＾２，其中毛竹种群生物量为７７９４ｇ／ｍ＾２（占９４．０３％），林下灌木草本的生物量为４９５ｇ／ｍ＾２（占５．９７％），生物量在毛竹种群各组分中的分配为竹杆４５７２ｇ／ｍ＾２（占５８．６７％）＞竹根１３４４ｇ／ｍ＾２（占１７．２５％）＞竹枝８３４ｇ／ｍ＾２（占１０．７０％）＞竹鞭７     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.