基于AIS数据的船桥碰撞概率评估方法研究

针对船桥碰撞风险评估中桥梁船撞概率计算问题,基于自动识别系统(AIS)数据获得桥梁船撞影响参数,以解决现有方法中没有考虑特定桥梁航区实际通航船信息的问题.基于AIS数据分析了航行船舶动态,获得了船舶位置、航速和偏航角等参数,分析了船舶交通流,并以实际的船舶交通流对AASHTO规范模型中的几何概率进行修正;基于内河流域水流变化规律对AASHTO规范模型中的偏航概率进行修正,对比分析了修正前后的结果差异.结果表明:AASHTO规范模型没有考虑通航船舶的实际航道和速度变化情况,会导致所计算的桥梁船撞概率结果误差较大;对于船舶航行情况复杂的桥区,有必要采用基于AIS数据获得的实际通航船舶信息来估计船舶在桥区的分布情况,以提高计算结果的准确性;对于水流流速变化达到3 m/s,流向角变化达到3°的流域,应考虑水流变化对碰撞概率的影响.     

隔离墩与自浮结构相组合的桥梁防船撞系统方案与评估

随着跨江跨海桥梁与船舶通航数量日益曾多,船桥碰撞的概率也日益增大,所以亟须提出桥梁防船撞设计方案。针对既有椒江大桥水中通航孔桥墩,首先通过规范和Midas/Civil软件计算出桥墩结构的自身抗撞能力;基于非线性动力软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA建立有限元模型计算得出典型桥墩遭受3 000 t级船舶正向和侧向撞击工况下的撞击力;通过比较桥墩自身抗力与船舶撞击力,提出了一种隔离式防撞墩与自浮式消能圈相组合的新型桥梁防船撞方案,然后对单独设置隔离式防撞墩和设置隔离墩与自浮结构组合防撞系统两种工况进行计算。结果表明:桥墩自身抗力为14.40 MN,而受船舶撞击所产生的最大撞击力为24.38 MN;设置组合防撞系统后,桥墩墩身所受的撞击力为0,隔离式防撞墩与自浮式消能圈有效保护了桥墩结构,且减小了船舶损伤。     

基于IDA方法的连续梁桥地震易损性分析

连续梁桥因跨越能力强、行车舒适性好以及施工方法成熟等优点被广泛采用,因此,保障连续梁桥在地震作用下的安全性,研究连续梁桥抗震性能具有重要意义。使用Midas civil软件建立典型三跨连续梁桥模型,采用增量动力分析(incremental dynamic analysis, IDA)方法对桥梁结构进行地震易损性分析,得到桥梁结构构件地震易损性曲线,从而对桥梁结构抗震性能进行研究。研究结果表明：地震作用下,使用盆式固定支座的桥墩损伤概率始终大于使用活动支座的桥墩,盆式固定支座的破坏概率也大于活动支座;隔震桥墩损伤概率与墩高密切相关,墩高越高,墩顶位移越大,桥墩损伤概率也越大;与非隔震桥墩相比,隔震桥墩损伤概率明显降低,隔震效果明显;与非隔震活动支座相比,由于采用隔震支座后,桥梁结构刚度下降,隔震支座破坏概率反而更高;但相比于非隔震固定支座,隔震支座破坏概率改善明显,总体结果符合桥梁抗震设计思路。     

刚构桥矩形空心-双薄壁组合桥墩纵向刚度研究

针对矩形空心-双薄壁组合桥墩纵向刚度的设计方法尚不完善的问题,提出一种基于列车-轨道-桥梁动力相互作用理论的矩形空心-双薄壁组合桥墩纵向刚度确定方法.首先,基于列车-轨道-桥梁动力相互作用理论建立考虑桥轨关系和轮轨关系的列车-轨道-桥梁动力相互作用模型,在此基础上完善钢轨多种附加应力的计算方法;然后,考虑桥墩刚度对扣件上拔力和墩顶纵向位移的影响,以重庆地铁实际工程为例,确定轨道桥矩形空心-双薄壁组合桥墩纵向刚度.研究表明:提出的组合桥墩纵向刚度研究方法可有效用于求解钢轨应力及确定桥墩合理纵向刚度;钢轨底部边缘动弯曲应力和温度应力未随桥墩纵向刚度而变化,而钢轨伸缩应力对桥墩刚度变化最为敏感;桥墩纵向刚度对扣件上拔力以及墩顶纵向位移均有明显影响;对于所研究的矩形空心-双薄壁组合桥墩,其墩底尺寸建议不小于7.4 m,此时刚构桥墩的合成线刚度为61.4 MN/m.     

双薄壁桥墩的设计参数优化研究

本课题将采用有限元分析方法 ,计算以靖远三滩黄河大桥双薄壁桥墩为主 ,其它已建成、在建的双薄壁墩桥梁为辅 ,建立合理的计算模型。通过大量分析计算 ,研究双薄壁墩在特定的结构下 ,各设计参数的变化、双薄壁桥墩刚度的改变对结构以及对自身应力、位移、稳定性等方面的影响 ,同时根据大量优化分析结果 ,建立了由主跨跨径Ｌ、桥墩高Ｈ、双肢间距Ｓ及壁厚Ｄ之间的多元回归方程。研究结果为合理确定本桥结构形式 ,优化设计提供依据。该模型的研究成果 ,将对国内类似的桥梁及桥墩参数提供参考 ,同时产生好的经济效益和社会效应。1　研究方法1 1…     

高速铁路桥梁圆端形墩地震反应数值分析

以高速铁路简支桥梁圆端型实体墩为工程背景,建立了2种有限元模型计算桥墩的弹塑性地震反应,一种是包括桥墩的杆系单元全桥体系模型,可以考虑列车荷载的影响;另一种是单墩实体模型,用以分析桥墩的地震响应;基于2种有限元模型和弯矩-曲率关系程序,分别计算了不同车速、墩高、地震作用组合和有车/无车等工况下桥墩的弹塑性地震响应.计算结果表明,随着地震强度的增加,桥墩的地震响应呈上升趋势,车速、墩高的增加对桥墩地震响应的影响不呈线性增长关系,地震频谱特性对桥墩地震反应影响较大;罕遇地震作用下墩底进入弹塑性状态,给出了适合低配筋率桥墩塑性铰区箍筋加密长度简化计算公式.     

泰州大桥中塔墩防船撞研究

泰州大桥主墩位于航道边缘,可能遭受船舶的撞击。为保护大桥,综合考虑多种因素研究大桥中塔墩防船撞方案。针对泰州大桥三塔悬索桥型,结合通航船舶规划、桥梁参数、桥墩基础特点,开展防撞研究,提出针对性防撞方案,进行防撞特性计算分析,确定防撞方案的技术、经济特性。通过有限元数值仿真技术,研究泰州大桥在船舶撞击下的安全性和防撞方案的有效性。     

山区通航桥梁船撞概率合理性研究

山区河流航道弯曲复杂并且多雾、滩多流急、船舶驾驶难度较大,加之理想桥位较为稀缺,往往在短距离内修建多座桥梁或将桥位布置在分汊河道上,极大增加了船舶碰撞桥梁的风险概率。目前业内广泛采用的美国AASHTO概率模型在计算偏航概率时,并未充分考虑山区河流建桥影响及航道特征等重要影响因素。通过分析桥梁间距、分汊等河道条件以及能见度对船撞桥风险的影响,提出了一个对偏航概率经验公式的修正计算方法。经选择山区航道上较为典型的石板坡长江大桥复线桥为代表,对修正前后的风险概率计算成果分析表明,考虑航道特征和建桥等影响后得到的风险概率评价结果较为合理。     

地震作用下深水高墩刚构桥梁的动力响应分析

高墩大跨连续刚构桥梁的抗震性能是桥梁设计人员重点关注的问题.当高墩处于深水之中,由于桥墩外围的水和桥墩体内的水将由于震动而同时对桥墩产生作用,对其进行动力响应分析更为困难.在计算墩水耦合效应时采用Westergaard理论,对一座连续刚构桥梁的地震动力响应进行了反应谱分析和时程分析.研究结果认为考虑墩水耦合效应后,桥梁...     

石头沟2~#大桥抗震计算

结合《城市桥梁抗震设计规范》(CJJ 166-2001),采用反应谱法对石头沟2#大桥进行抗震计算;拟定支座型号,并进行验算;根据墩高不同,全桥桥墩分两级,分别计算了桥墩和桩基的内力和配筋。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.