四氟硼酸盐的合成研究

本文以N-甲基咪唑与1-溴代己烷为原料采用传统方法合成溴化1-己基-3-甲基咪唑[HMIM]Br中间体,通过实验分析反应时间、反应温度及N-甲基咪唑与1-溴代己烷的摩尔比(原料比)对[HMIM]Br收率的影响.中间体经过离子交换.得到化合物[HMIM]BF4.产物的结构经1H NMR确认.与谱图结构一致.     

离子液体中间体1-丁基-2,3-二甲基咪唑溴盐的合成研究

在无溶剂条件下,以1,2-二甲基咪唑和1-溴丁烷为原料合成1-丁基-2,3-二甲基咪唑溴盐[BuMeMeIm]Br;该反应没有使用有毒有害的有机溶剂,对环境影响小,产物纯化处理易于操作,是一个成功的绿色化学反应。研究了反应时间、反应温度、1,2-二甲基咪唑与1-溴丁烷的摩尔比及溶剂对[BuMeMeIm]Br收率的影响,产物结构通过IR和1H-NMR确证。实验结果表明在反应温度80℃,反应时间18 h,1,2-二甲基咪唑和1-溴丁烷摩尔比为1∶1.1,收率为80.3%。     

溴化1-己基-3-甲基咪唑的制备和电导率研究

用溴代正己烷与N-甲基咪唑反应制备了溴化1-己基-3-甲基咪唑离子液体;对离子液体进行了红外光谱分析和结构表征。测定了离子液体[HMI M]Br在温度为283.15 K至313.15 K之间的电导率,将测得的电导率值σ对(T-273.15)进行拟合,得出拟合方程和相关系数,结果表明离子液体[HMI M]Br的电导率随温度的升高而增大,符合VTF经验方程。离子液体[HMI M]Br在水、乙醇、乙腈等溶剂中的紫外吸收光谱分析结果表明,溶剂的极性和酸碱性对离子液体[HMI M]Br的紫外吸收光谱均有影响。     

溴化1-甲基-3-丁基咪唑的微波辅助合成及工业化方案研究

以溴代正丁烷与N-甲基咪唑为原料,利用微波辅助合成了咪唑类离子液体溴化1-甲基-3-丁基咪唑([BMIm]Br),并用红外光谱对[BMIm]Br进行了结构表征.运用单因素实验研究了反应条件对合成过程的影响,并从工业应用角度得出了微波辅助合成[BMIm]Br的最优化条件:物料比(物质的量比)为1∶1.3、时间为5min、功率为500W、温度为100℃.产率高达97.2%.通过模拟工业实验验证了间歇法和连续法两种工艺的可行性.     

超声波辅助咪唑基和吡啶基离子液体的合成

以N-甲基咪唑、吡啶和溴代烷为原料,在超声波间歇作用且无溶剂条件下,合成了1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐[Emim]Br、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐[Bmim]Br、N-乙基吡啶溴盐[EPy]Br、N-丁基吡啶溴盐[BPy]Br等4种离子液体。在常温常压下,测定了它们的熔点,结果表明,阴离子组成相同时,有机阳离子体积大的离子液体熔点较小;与常规合成方法相比,超声波法具有操作简单,条件温和,产物收率高、反应速度快的优点。实验还以[Bmim]Br为中间体,通过阴离子交换法,制备了亲水性离子液体[Bmim]BF4和疏水性离子液体[Bmim]PF6,在25℃对其黏度进行了测定,并对实验合成的全部六种离子液体作了红外光谱和核磁共振的表征。     

烷基咪唑类离子液体的合成及其性质

以N甲基咪唑和溴代烷烃为原料,通过微波法合成了6种离子液体1烷基3甲基咪唑类溴盐:1正丙基3甲基咪唑溴盐([nPmim]Br)、1异丙基3甲基咪唑溴盐([iPmim]Br)、1正丁基3甲基咪唑溴盐[nBmim]Br)、1仲丁基3甲基咪唑溴盐([sB mim]Br)、1正戊基3甲基咪唑溴盐([nAmim]Br)、1正己基3甲基咪唑溴盐([nHmim]Br).然后以 [nBmim]Br为中间体,经过阴离子交换得到1正丁基3甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([nBmim]BF4).在25℃时测定了7种离子液体的密度,结果表明:含有相同阴离子的离子液体密度随着阳离子烷基链长度的增加而减小;含有相同阳离子的离子液体,阴离子体积越大,密度越高.通过循环伏安法测定了[nBmim]Br和[nBmim]BF4的电化学窗口,分别为2.0V和3.4V.[nBmim]BF4的DSC曲线表明,其只有玻璃化温度(-95℃),而没有结晶温度和熔点.     

5-(4-甲基)亚苄基-噻唑烷-2,4-二酮的溴代反应

以5-（4-甲基）亚苄基-噻唑烷-2，4-二酮为原料，在Br2：原料：CCl4=1mmol：1mmol：20mL的优化反应条件下，白炽灯光引发下发生自由基溴代反应顺利生成新化合物5-（4-溴甲基）亚苄基-噻唑烷-2，4-二酮，产品通过重结晶纯化，收率达到70％．     

1-烷基-2,3-二甲基咪唑溴盐的合成及表征

以1,2-二甲基咪唑和溴代烷烃为原料,合成了5种离子液体中间体1-烷基-2,3-二甲基咪唑溴盐.讨论了反应时间、反应温度和原料摩尔比对产物收率的影响,得到最佳的条件是:溴代烷烃与1,2-二甲基咪唑以1.1∶1(摩尔比)的比例,在90℃下反应24 h.产物结构经IR和1H-NMR确证,得出结论:阳离子烷基链长度的增加会使3 100~3 000 cm-1波数范围内谱带减弱,降低离子液体的熔点,而对咪唑环上质子化学位移影响不大.     

离子液体型表面活性剂2mim］Br缓蚀性能研究

为了研究新型绿色有机代汞缓蚀剂,以N-甲基咪唑和1-溴代十二烷为原料,合成了溴化1-甲基-3-十二烷基咪唑([C12mim]Br)离子液体型表面活性剂,采用电化学方法和失重法研究了[C12mim]Br在酸性锌锰电池电解液中对锌的缓蚀及吸附作用。结果表明,缓蚀效率随着[C12mim]Br浓度的增加而增大,当[C12mim]Br浓度达到8×10-3 mol/L时,缓蚀效率趋于稳定。极化曲线表明,[C12mim]Br属于混合型缓蚀剂。热力学参数表明,[C12mim]Br能自发吸附在锌表面形成单分子吸附层,吸附曲线符合Langmuir吸附等温模型,且兼有物理和化学2种吸附机制。     

1,2-双(N-癸基咪唑鎓)乙烷溴盐的合成研究

以N-癸基咪唑和1,2-二溴乙烷为原料,经季铵化反应合成1,2-双(N-癸基咪唑鎓)乙烷溴盐。通过正交试验,确定1,2-双(N-癸基咪唑鎓)乙烷溴盐较佳合成工艺条件为:反应温度(45±2)℃,原料摩尔比为2.4∶1(N-癸基咪唑∶1,2-二溴乙烷),反应时间10h。利用IR和1H-NMR对产物进行结构表征。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.